Flexo Glossary.docx
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Flexo Glossary.docx
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FlexoGlossary
GLOSSARYOFFLEXOGRAPHICPRINTINGTERMS
AA:
AuthorsAlterations,changesotherthancorrections,madebyaclientaftertheproofingprocesshasbegun.AA'sareusuallychargedtoaclientasbillabletime.
Abrasion:
Processofwearingawaythesurfaceofamaterialbyfriction.
Abrasionmarks:
Marksonaphotographicprintorfilmappearingasstreaksorscratches,causedbytheconditionofthedeveloper.Canbepartiallyremovedbyswabbingwithalcohol.
Abrasionresistance:
Abilitytowithstandtheeffectsofrepeatedrubbingandscuffing.Alsocalledscufforrubresistance.
Abrasiontest:
Atestdesignedtodeterminetheabilitytowithstandtheeffectsofrubbingandscuffing.
Abrasiveness:
Thatpropertyofasubstancethatcausesittowearorscratchothersurfaces.
Absorption:
Inpaper,thepropertywhichcausesittotakeupliquidsorvaporsincontactwithit.Inoptics,thepartialsuppressionoflightthroughatransparentortranslucentmaterial.
Acceptancesamplingorinspection:
Theevaluationofadefinitelotofmaterialorproductthatisalreadyinexistencetodetermineitsacceptabilitywithinqualitystandards.
Accelerate:
Inflexographicprinting,asbytheadditionofafasterdryingsolventorbyincreasingthetemperatureorvolumeofhotairappliedtotheprintedsurface.Electrical-Tospeedrewindshaftsduringflyingsplices,andintakingupwebslackness.
AccordionFold:
Binderyterm,twoormoreparallelfoldswhichopenlikeanaccordion.
Acetone:
Averyactivesolventusedinpackaginggravureinks;thefastestdryingsolventintheketonefamily.
Activator:
Achemistryusedonexposedphotographicpaperorfilmemulsiontodeveloptheimage.
Additiveprimaries:
Incolorreproduction,red,greenandblue.Whenlightsofthesecolorsareaddedtogether,theyproducethesensationofwhitelight.
Adhesion:
1)Thestickingtogetherofanytwomaterials,e.g.,adhesionofinktopaperorfilm.2)Theattractiveforcethatexistsbetweenanelectrodepositanditssubstratethatcanbemeasuredastheforcerequiredtoseparatethetwo.
Adsorb:
Toattractandholdmoleculesonasurface,e.g.solventmoleculesinasolventrecoveryadsorptionbed.
After-tack:
Tackthatdevelopsafterinkhasapparentlydriedorafteraheat-dryingoperation.
AgainsttheGrain:
Atrightanglestodirectionofpapergrain.
Ageresistance:
Shelflife.Theresistancetodeteriorationbyoxygenandozoneintheair,byheatandlight,orbyinternalchemicalaction.
Agestability:
Atesttodeterminewhetheraninkformulationcanwithstandaspecifictemperatureforaspecifiedperiodwithoutchange.
Agglomeration:
Aclusterofundispersedparticles.
Alcohol:
Aseriesoforganiccompoundscharacterizedbythepresenceofthehydroxylgroup;volatilesolvents,themostcommonbeingethylalcohol.
Aliphaticsolvents:
Saturatedhydrocarbonsolventsderivedfrompetroleum,suchashexane,heptaneandVM&Pnaphtha,usedprimarilyinA-typegravureinks,orasdiluentsforotherinksandcoatings.
Alkalinepaper:
Papermadewithasyntheticalkalinesizeandanalkalinefilterlikecalciumcarbonatewhichgivesthepaperoverfourtimesthelife(200years)ofacidsizedpapers(40-50years).
Alkaliresistance:
Propertyofanink,coatingorsubstratesothatitresistsfilmbreakdown,colorchangeorcolorbleedwhenprintedmaterialissubjectedtocontactwithalkalinematerialssuchassoapordetergent.
Alteration:
Changeincopyofspecificationsafterproductionhasbegun.
Aluminahydrate:
Alsoknownashydrate.Awhite,inorganicpigmentusedasanextenderininksandnotedforitstransparency.
Aluminumcoating:
Acoatingcomposedofaluminumpasteorpowderandamixingvarnishorvehicle.
AM(AmplitudeModulation):
Halftonescreening,asopposedtoFMscreening,hasdotsofvariablesizewithequalspacingbetweendotcenters(seehalftone).
Analogcolorproof:
Off-presscolorproofmadefromseparationfilms.
Anchorcoat:
Acoatingappliedtothesurfaceofasubstratetoeffectorincreasetheadhesionofsubsequentcoatings.
Anchoring:
Inflexographicprinting,termdescribingprocessofbondingorfusinginkstothesubstrate.
Angleofwipe:
Ingravureandflexographicprinting,theanglethedoctorbladeissetfromthecenterlineofcylinder,beforeloading.AlsocalledSetAngle.
Anilinedyes:
Derivativesofcoaltarclassifiedbychemicalcomposition.Basicdyeshaveextremebrightness,butarenotfasttolight,whileaciddyesarelessbrilliant,butarefastertolight.
Anilineprinting:
Earlynameforrubberplateprinting,usingfast-dryingfluidinks,nowobsolete.
Aniloxinking:
Inflexography,tworollinkingsystemwithsmoothfountainrollthattransfersinkstoanetchedmetalorceramiccoatedmetalrollwithcellsoffixedsizeanddepththattransfertheinktotheplate.Alsousedinkeylessoffset.
Aniloxroll:
Mechanicallyengravedsteelandchromecoatedmeteringrollusedinflexopressestometeracontrolledfilmofinkfromthecontactingelastomercoveredfountainrollertotheprintingplateswhichprinttheweb.Volumeofinkisaffectedbythecellcountperlinearinchanddimensionofthecellandcellwalloftheengraving.Manufacturedfromcopperandchromiumplatedsteel.Alsogivenacoatingofaluminumoxide(ceramic)orcopperandchrome.
Aniloxsystem:
Theinkingsystemcommonlyemployedinflexographicpressesconsistingofanelastomercoveredfountainrollerrunningintheinkpan,adjustableagainstacontactingengravedmeteringroll,thetwoasaunitadjustabletotheprintingplateroll,designroll,orplainelastomercoatingrollasthecasemaybe.Inkisfloodedintotheengravedcellsofthemeteringroll,excessdoctoredoffbythewipingorsqueezingactionofthefountainroll,oradoctorbladeandthatwhichremainsbeneaththesurfaceofthemeteringrollistransferredtotheprintingplates.
Antifoamingagent:
Anadditiveusedininkthatpreventsoreliminatesfoamingofaliquidorbreaksfoamalreadyformed.
Anti-halationbacking:
Inphotography,coatingappliedtobackoffilmtopreventhalation.
Anti-offsetorsetoffspray:
Inprinting,drysprayoffinelypowderedstarchusedonpresstopreventwetinkfromtransferringfromthetopofonesheettothebottomofthenextsheet.
Anti-skidvarnish:
Agenerallyclearresincoatingformulatedandappliedtolargeflexiblepackagingtoretardslippageduringstackingandhandling.
Antiquefinish:
Atermdescribingthesurface,usuallyonbookandcoverpapers,thathasanaturalroughfinish.
Aperture:
Inphotography,lensopeningorlensstopexpressedasaf/no.,suchasf/22.
Apochromatic:
Inphotography,colorcorrectedlenseswhichfocusthethreecolors,blue,greenandred,inthesameplane.
Applicatorroll:
Coating;printroll,tintroll,lacquerorvarnishroll.
Aquatint:
Anearlyplateengravingmethodthatcreatedtonalvariationbyetchingthroughgranularmaterialwithvaryingconcentrationsofetchant.Usedonlyforfineartengraving.
Art:
Allillustrationcopyusedinpreparingajobforprinting.
Artboard:
Alternatetermformechanicalart.
Artdirector:
Theindividualresponsibleforoverseeingthecreativeandproductionprocessandmanagingothercreativeindividuals.
Ascender:
Thatpartofalowercaseletterthatrisesabovethemainbody,asin"b".
Asphaltum(Asphalt):
Adarkcoloredresinoussubstancesolubleinhydrocarbonsolvents.Usedasamoisturebarrierinheavylaminations.
Author'sCorrections:
Alsoknownas"AC's".Changedandadditionsincopyafterithasbeentypeset.
Automaticprocessor:
Inphotography,machinetoautomaticallydevelop,fix,wash,anddryexposedphotographicfilm.Inplatemaking,machinetodevelop,rinse,gumanddryprintingplates.
Backlash:
Lostmotion.
Alt:
Loosenessintheteethofagearmechanism,permittingmovementofoneormoregearswithoutcorrespondingmovementintheconnectedmechanisms.
BackPrinting:
Printingontheundersideofatransparentfilm.Alsocalledreverseprinting.
Backup:
Printingthesecondsideofasheetalreadyprintedononeside.
Backuproll:
Seeimpressioncylinder.
Backbone:
Thebackofaboundbookconnectingthetwocovers;alsocalledthespine.
Badbreak:
Incomposition,startingapageorendingaparagraphwithasingleword,orwidow.
Banding:
Methodofpackagingprintedpiecesofpaperusingrubberorpaperbands.
Barecylinderdiameter:
Thediameteroftheactualplatecylinder,beforethestickybackandplatesaremounted.
Base:
Oftenusedinreferringtoafullstrengthinkortoner.Generallyreferstothemajoringredientusedinaclearlacquer,varnishorink.Mayrefertoeitherthesolventorbindersystem.Acylinderbeforeitisengraved.Basefilmbeforeadditionofcoating.
Baseink:
Asingle-pigmentedinkwithhighpigment-to-binderratio,usedinpackagingapplicationsforblending.
Basicsize:
Ininches25X38forbookpapers,20X26forcoverpapers,22.5x28.5or22.5X35forbristols,25.5X30.5forindex.
Basismetal:
Thematerialuponwhichcoatingsaredeposited.
Basisweight:
Theweightinpoundsof(exceptwrappingtissuewhichis480sheets)paperofthebasicsizeforthegrade.Thestandard,orbasic,sizereamvarieswithdifferentgradesofpaperaccordingtotradepractices.Somepapersandboardsaremadetoacertaincaliper,orthickness,ratherthantoaspecificweight.Someexamplesare:
Blanks,HeavyCover,ToughCheck,StencilBoard,Pattern,andTemplatePapers.
Bearers:
Inpresses,theflatsurfacesorringsattheendsofcylindersthatcomeincontactwitheachotherduringprintingandserveasabasisfordeterminingpackingthickness.
Beater:
Alargemixerinwhichthepulpforpaperismixed.
BeaterDyed:
Apaper,thepulpfor
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