级学生语音辅导材料.docx

级学生语音辅导材料.docx

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级学生语音辅导材料

2011级学生语音辅导材料

音素和国际音标

1．什么是音素：

音素是语音的最小单位。

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2．音素的分类：

元音和辅音。

3．音素的个数：

共48个，元音音素20个，辅

音音素28个。

4．什么是音标：

记录音素的符号叫做音标。

5．什么是国际音标：

国际音标是由国际语音

协会规定的一套音标，用来

记录世界各主要语言的语音。

7.开音节：

a）辅音+元音+辅音+e:

name,bike,home,due,plane,shine

b）辅音+元音:

he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello

8.闭音节：

a）辅音+元音+辅音:

bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,mad,map

b）元音+辅音:

it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant

9.重读音节：

单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

元音

20

12个单元音

长元音

[a:

]

[ә:

]

[i:

]

[ɔ:

]

[u:

]

短元音

[Λ]

[ә]

[i]

[ɔ]

[u]

[æ]

[e]

8个双元音

[ai]

[ei]

[ɔi]

[iә]

[eә]

[uә]

[au]

[әu]

辅音

28

10对

清辅音

[p]

[t]

[k]

[f]

[s]

[∫]

[t∫]

[tr]

[θ]

[ts]

浊辅音

[b]

[d]

[g]

[v]

[z]

[3]

[d3]

[dr]

[ð]

[dz]

3个鼻音

[m]

[n]

[η]

3个似拼音

[h]

[r]

[l]

2个半元音

[w]

[j]

CONSONANTS（辅音）

1./,/（Stops）

[p]

peak

pail

path

rapid

simple

gapping

cap

rope

gap

[b]

beak

bail

bath

rabbit

symbol

gabbing

cab

robe

gab

Phrases:

abigpark/abigweb/boughtabike/paythebill/parkthecar/stepbystep/ontopofthepiethebottomofthecup/pressthebutton/thetopofthetube

Sentences:

Peterispickingplumsandapples./PatandPaulmeteachotherinapark./Ping-pongisapopularsportandisplayedinmanyplaces./Therobberbrokeintothebank;butwascaughtbythepolice.

2./,/（Stops）

[t]

tale

tear

tick

title

heating

written

spite

debt

coat

[d]

dale

dear

Dick

tidal

heeding

ridden

spied

dead

code

Phrases:

Tellthetime/takethecat/adarknight/agoodfriend/somegoodfood/aredcart/readthecard/Somehottea/cutthebread/wentonfoot

Sentences:

Thecartgotstuckinthemud./Toomanyteenagerstendtowastetheirtimewatchingtelevision./Dick’sdaughterDianadoesn’tlikedancing./Teddyhurthisfootandwastakentothedoctor.

3./,/（Stops）

//

cap

curl

clean

backing

clocking

bicker

leak

tack

duck

//

gap

girl

glean

bagging

clogging

bigger

league

tag

dug

Phrases:

abigbag/asickdog/akindguide/agoldenjug/caughtacold/takealook/lockthegate/killtheduck/curethesick/goodlucktoDick

Sentences:

Cutyourcoataccordingtoyourcloth./Everycountryhasitscustoms./Allthatglittersisnotgold./Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending./I’mbeginningtofeelhungry.Givemesomeeggsandabigjugofbeer.

4./,/（Fricatives）

[f]

fast

feel

first

safer

rifle

refuse

leaf

belief

proof

[v]

vast

veal

versed

saver

rival

reviews

leave

believe

prove

Phrases:

veryfast/finefurs/feelfine/covertheleaves/anawfulview/alovelyfigure/savethesafe/halfaloaf/veryfine

Sentences:

Itishisfault.\Hehasneverseenhisnewrifle.\Idonotliketoseehergrief.\Itishisvault.\Hehasneverseenhisnewrival.\Idonotliketoseehergrieve.

5./,/（Fricatives）

//

thief

thought

three

anthem

athlete

author

breath

cloth

mouth

//

this

then

though

father

although

southern

with

breathe

bathe

Phrases:

athousandthanks/awealthybrother/ahealthyfather/thethirdmonth/neitherfathernormother/northandsouth/mother’sclothes/threethousandandthree/furtherandfurther

Sentences:

Fatherandmotherwentthroughthickandthin./Somethingisbetterthannothing./Theseclothesaren’tworthanything./HelefthisfatherandmotherandwentabroadwithhisbrotherArthur.

6./,/（Fricatives）

/s/

seal

sink

sip

racing

bracing

racer

lace

ice

base

/z/

zeal

zinc

zip

razing

braising

razor

lays

eyes

bays

Phrases:

asoftvoice/lostthekeys/risesthesun/passthesalt/thesamerose/thesamehouse/brothersandsisters/housesandhorses/rosesandtulips/jeepsandcars

Sentences:

Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest./SisterSuzywillsingussomesweetsongs./Cindycollectsallsortsofstamps./Sallyalwayssuffersfromsea-sicknesswhensheisatsea.

7./,/（Fricatives）

//

sheep

share

shave

passion

pressure

ocean

push

crash

parish

//

pleasure

treasure

occasion

rouge

garage

barrage

※/-/shine–sign/show–sew/sheet–seat/shake–sake/shower–sour/shame–same

Phrases:

asharpshell/anEnglishship/showmethefish/rushtothegarage/aharshdecision/aharshmeasure/crushedtheinvasion/washthefish

Sentences:

Thisshopsellsthelatestfashionofshortsandshirts./Sheshowedmesomemachine-madehorse-shoes./Mr.Mashsellsfishandshellfishfreshfromtheocean./Theshepherdandhissheepshudderedinashednearthestation.

8.//（Fricatives）

//

he,heat,hit,hill,help,hand,hat,half,hard,hot,hall,hook,hurry,huge,high,heard,home,height

//（mute）

hour,honor,honest,heir,vehicle,ghost,exhausted,exhibit,exhibition

Phrases:

ahatinhand/hangithigh/hitthehook/ahugehall/ahighhill/hireahorse/here’syourhat/holdithigh/hurthishandwithaheavyhammer/aheartyhulloandahandshake

9./,/（Affricates）

//

chain

cheap

choke

etching

searching

riches

batch

catch

lunch

//

Jane

jeep

joke

edging

surging

ridges

badge

cadge

lunge

Phrases:

chooseajeep/chooseachair/acheapwatch/marchtothebeach/reachthechurch/touchthejaw/eachcoach/theedgeofthebridge/jokedandjeered/ahugecage

Sentences:

JanehadchickensandFrenchfriesforlunch./JohnurgedJudytobuyadigitalwatch./ThechiefchargeagainstJohnisthathecheatedthejudge./Justforajoke,wemixedginandgingerwithsomejam.

10./,/（Affricates）

//

tree,treat,trick,track,true,treasure,train,try,poetry,country

//

dry,drink,dream,drop,draw,drain,drown,drive,wardrobe

Phrases:

trythetrain/dropthetree/drivethetruck/astrangedream/astrongdrink/atrainandatruck/thetrackofthetrain

Sentences:

Tracy’sdreamhascometrueatlast./Theboydrewatrainrunningalongthetrees./Ihadastrangedreaminthetrain./Mr.Trenchtreatedmetosomestrongdrinks.

11./,/（Affricates）

//

batsbeatsdatescatsgetsgatesdraftshostsvotes

//

Bandsaddscodesfloodskidshideshandscloudsgrades

Phrases:

bitsofsheets/coatsandshirts/artsandcrafts/oddsandends/cardsandboards/lotsofbirds/thousandsofwords/hundredsofguards

Sentences:

Isawlotsandlotsofbirdsandkites./Heholdsthreecatsinhishands./Keatswantssomecardsandboards./Theguardshavekilledthousandsandthousandsofbirdsandcats.

12.//（Nasals）

//

mice

month

member

farmer

lemon

milkman

same

rhythm

lamb

※/-/some–summer/time–timer/come–comer/dim–dimmer/farm–farmer

Phrases:

somemen/awarmmorning/afirmmanner/timeforhome/Tom’smoney/Mary’spoems/menandwomen/Longman’sfirm

Sentences:

Sammakesmanymistakesinhishomework./Tomiscomingwithsomehamandmarmalade./Sincetimeimmemorial,themoonhasmovedmentomakepoems.

13.//（Nasals）

//

nice

north

knot

dinner

cannon

turner

seen

crown

listen

//（mute）

damn,hymn,solemn,autumn,condemn,column

※/-/knock–lock/known–loan/snow–slow/snip–slip/number–lumber

Phrases:

afineneedle/anicetune/ninenights/sevenmen/needanurse/findthenails/afriendofmine/thenorthwind/anewmoon/ninecoins

Sentences:

Doyouknowwherethenewknivesare?

/Ninemenandwomenwerestandinginaline./There’snonewsforAnnie,butwhenwehaveany,we’llsendyoualine./Soonwe’llfinishthelessonandyoucangoandplayinthesunshine.

14.//（Nasals）

//

sing,ring,thing,king,wing,hang,hung,song,bang,ping-pong

//

singing,ringing,hanging,banging,bringing,stringing

//

longer,stronger,hunger,younger,anger,angle,single,England,singular

/

bank,sank,thank,rank,link,drink,sink,ankle,monkey,uncle,wink

//

strange,range,arrange,lounge,manager,danger,ginger,longitude

※/-/ton–tongue/sin–sing/win–wing/kin–king/ban–bang/dun–bung/pin–ping/thin–thing

Phrases:

singasong/hangaring/alongstring/astrangeking/ayoungsinger/anangrymonkey/astrangelanguage/astrongdrink

Sentences:

Bringthosethingsinandhangthemup./Theyrangthebelltowelcometheking./Thespringbringsmanycharmingthings./Theyweresingingandshouting,notgivingthoughttothenoisetheyweremaking.

15.//（Laterals）

//

lice

lead

liver

filing

miller

elect

file

mill

bill

//（mute）

calm,calf,half,talk,walk,folk,chalk,yolk,could,would,should

※/-/reap–leap/rid–lid/rent–lent/rack–lack/wrong–long/root–loot/rate–late/write–light

Phrases:

liveandlearn/lookatthelad/alargeclock/alotoflove/alongline/adullgirl/pullupthesail/awildchild/oilthehole

Sentences:

Don’tspoilthechild./Leavetheladalone./Alittlepillmaywellcureagreatill./TellWillytofillthepailwithmilk./Thefoolishfellowlefthiswalletonthetable./Helosthislifeinthestruggleforliberty./Hehadabadfallfromthehighwallatthetopofthehill.

16.//（Approximants）

//

weed

word

would

away

reward

always

※/-/vet–wet/vest–west/veil–whale/vain–wane/veal–wheel/verse–worse/vine–wine

Phrases:

whichweek/wentwild/whilewaiting/waitaweek/whywait/whenandwhere/whichwheel

Sentences:

Wherethere’sawill,there’saway./Willyweptwildlywhenhisunclewhippedhim./What,why,whenand