病理习题.docx
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病理习题.docx
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病理习题
EXERCISES
Explanationpathologicterms
Necrosis
gangrene
Atrophy
Fattychange(steatosis)
Calcification
Endogenouspigments
Hematogenouspigments
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Regeneration
Acuteinflammation
Chronicinflammation
Serousandfibrinousinflammation
Suppurativeinflammation
Pseudomembranous
granulomatousinflammation
Congestiveheartfailure
Thrombosis
Embolism
Metastasis
Hyperemia
Ischemia
Infarction
Hemorrhage
Atherosclerosis
Anginapectoris
Suddendeath
Myocardialinfarction
Hypertensiveheartdisease
Infectiveendocarditis
Corpulmonale
Mitralstenosis
Metaplasia
dysplasia
Tumormetastasis
Cervicalintraepithelialneoplasia
Paraneoplasticsyndromes
Precancerouslesions
Hodgkin°sdisease
Pulmonaryhypertension
Respiratorydistresssyndrome
Lungemphysema
Bronchiectasis
Lobarpneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Atypia
Pepticulcer
Livercirrhosis
Alcoholicliverdisease
Thenephroticsyndrome
Thenephriticsyndrome
Meningitis
Inflammationmediators
Tuberculoma
Organization
Aschoffbody
Biopsy
Heartfailurecell
Foamcell
Trueorfalse
1.Sarcomacomefromectodermandendoderm-epithelialandglandulartissue.[]
2.Mallorybodiesisverycommonseeninalcoholicliver.[]
3.Wetgangreneisparticularlyliabletoaffectthelimbs,especiallythetoes.[]
4.Therearemanycausesofinjurytoacellbutthemostimportantisthatdamagecausedbybiologicalagentse.g.bacteriaandviruses.[]
5.“Pathos”means“disease“and“logos“means“atreatise.[]
6.Labilecells:
veryhighregenerativeabilityandrateofturnover[]
7.Rheumaticheartdiseaseisverycommonseeninoldmale.[]
8.10%oflobarpneumoniaduetostreptococcus.[]
9.ThemechanismofdystrophiccalcificationmaybeasalterationofenzymesorPH.[]
10.Allmarginsofbenignneoplasmarewelldefined.
Pathology(Neoplasia)
Mutiplechoice
1.AllofthefollowingareriskfactorsGastriccancerexcept
a.Sulfites–foundinfood,drinkingwater,andwine
b.H.Pyloriinfections
c.Perniciousanemia
d.Smokedfoodsandpickledvegetables
2.Esophagealcarcinoma
a.ismostoftenasquamouscellcarcinoma
b.ismorecommoninwhitesthanblacks
c.mostoftenoccursin20-40yearolds
d.allofthese
3.Themostcommoncancerdeathinwomenis
a.breast
b.lung
c.ovary
d.colon
4.____________tumorsmaybewelldifferentiated
a.benign
b.malignant
c.bothbenignandmalignant
d.neitherbenignandmalignant
5.__________tumorsareusuallywelldemarcated
a.benign
b.malignant
c.bothbenignandmalignant
d.neitherbenignandmalignant
6.Cervicalcancerisassociatedwith
a.T-cellleukemiavirus
b.Epstein-Barrvirus
c.Papillomavirus
d.HepatitisBvirus
7.Atumorthathasfinger-likefronds
a.adenoma
b.papilloma
c.polyp
d.cystadenoma
8.________tumorstendtobeinvasive
a.benign
b.malignant
c.bothbenignandmalignant
d.neitherbenignandmalignant
9.___________tumorsmaybeslowgrowing
a.benign
b.malignant
c.bothbenignandmalignant
d.neitherbenignandmalignant
10.Cachexiaassociatedwithcancer
a.iscausedbythecancer“robbing”caloriesfromthepatient
b.iscausedbythereducedfoodintakeofthepatient
c.canbetreatedsatisfactorly,withoutremovingthecancer
d.allofthese
e.noneofthese
11.Cushing’ssyndrome,asaparaneoplasticsyndrome,isassociatedwith
a.histamine
b.erythropoietin
c.ACTH
d.Parathyroidhormone
12.Burkittslymphomaisassociatedwith
a.T-cellleukemiavirus
b.Epstein-Barrvirus
c.Papillomavirus
d.HepatitisBvirus
13.Ingeneralthelungcancerwiththebestprognosisis
a.smallcellcancer
b.non-smallcellcancer
c.mixedcellcancer
d.bronchialcarcinoid
14.________tumorsmaybeclinicallysignificant
a.benign
b.malignant
c.bothbenignandmalignant
d.neitherbenignandmalignant
16.Dysplasiameans
a.increasedgrowth
b.disorderedgrowth
c.anaplasticgrowth
d.hypotrophicgrowth
17.Amalignantneoplasmaofepithelialorigin
a.carcinoma
b.sarcoma
c.teratoma
d.choristoma
e.hamartoma
18.________tumorsmaymetastasize
a.benign
b.malignant
c.bothbenignandmalignant
d.neitherbenignandmalignant
19.Mostgastriccarcinoma
a.isasymptomatic
b.isfoundinthelessercurvatureoftheantrpyloricregion
c.occursinmales
d.allofthese
20.Themostcommonorfrequentlyoccurringpresentatingclinicalfindingofkidneycarcinoma
a.pain
b.hematuria
c.proteinutia
d.anemia
21.Aneoplasmaofmorethanonegermlineorlayer
a.carcinoma
b.sarcoma
c.teratoma
d.choristoma
e.hamartoma
22.A30-year-oldmanexperiencesanepisodeofhematemesis.Upperendoscopyisperformedwhichrevealshyperemicgastricmucosaandthreeshallowerosionslessthan1cmindiameter.Biopsiesshowthaterosionsaresuperficialanddonotcrossthemuscularismucosa.Whichofthefollowingetiologiesismostlikelytohaveledtothesefindings?
A)UseofNSAIDs
B)Helicobacterpyloriinfection
C)Pepticulcerdisease
D)Chronicgastritis
E)Gastriclymphoma
23.A36-year-oldmanhasbeenbotheredbyanupperabdominalpainforthepastfewyears.Thepaincomesonabout2hoursafterameal.Astoolsampleistestedforoccultbloodandispositive.AnupperGIendoscopyrevealsasolitary,2cmdiameter,sharplydemarcatedulcerationwithstraightwallsinthelessercurvature.Biopsyofthisulcerationshowsacombinationofactivenecrosis,chronicinflammationandscarring.Themostlikelydiagnosisis:
A)Gastroesophagealreflux
B)Gastriccarcinoma
C)Stresserosion
D)Pepticulcerdisease
E)Acutegastritis
24.Whichisthemostcommoncomplicationofpepticulcerdisease?
A)Bleeding
B)Perforation
C)Penetration
D)Obstructionofthepyloricchannel
E)Malignanttransformation
25.Severediarrheaisnotedina45-year-oldwomaninhospitalwhohasbeentreatedwithbroadspectrumantibioticsforseveralweeks.Colonoscopyrevealspatchyareasofyellowfibrinandinflammatorydebrisadherenttoareddenedcolonicmucosafromtherectumtocecum.Whichofthefollowingconditionshasshemostlikelydeveloped?
A)Ulcerativecolitis
B)Crohndisease
C)Ischemiccolitis
D)Pseudomembranouscolitis
E)Appendicitis
26.A32-year-oldpregnantfemalewasfoundtobelargefordatesonphysicalexaminationandhadnofetalhearttonesaudibleat18weeks.Anultrasoundwasperformedandrevealedthatnofetuswaspresent,onlymanyechogeniccysticareaswithintheuterus.Youshouldmoststronglysuspect:
A.Ectopicpregnancy
B.Partialhydatidiformmole
C.Endometrialcarcinoma
D.Maturecysticteratoma
E.Completehydatidiformmole
27.Whichofthefollowingcellularchangesrepresentsthebestevidenceforirreversiblecellularinjury:
A.Epithelialdysplasia
B.Cytoplasmicfattymetamorphosis
C.Nuclearpyknosis
D.Atrophy
28.Thetermgoiterrefersto
A.Anyenlargementofthethyroidregardlessoftheetiology
B.Anyinvolutionofthethyroidregardlessoftheetiology
C.EnlargementofthethyroidsecondarytoGraves’disease
D.Enlargementofthethyroidsecondarytoingestionofgoitergens
E.Involutionofthethyroidsecondsrytothyroidadenoma
29.A40yearoldfemalehasachroniccoughwithfeverandweightloss.Achestradiographrevealsmultiplenodules,someofwhichdemonstratecavitationintheupperlobes.Asputumsamplerevealsacidfastbacilli.Themostimportantcellinthedevelopmentherlunglesionsisa:
A.Macrophage
B.Fibroblast
C.Neutrophil
D.Mastcell
E.Platelet
30.A55yearoldmalehashadabloodpressureof165/105mmHgformanyyearsandhasnotbotheredtotreatthiscondition.Hismostlikelycauseofdeathwillbefrom:
A.Cerebralhemorrhage(stroke)
B.Aorticaneurysmrupture
C.Congestiveheartfailure
D.Chronicrenalfailure
E.Intracranialarterialaneurysmrupture
31.Awedge-shapedareaofischemicnecrosisisaccompaniedbyextensivehemorrhage.Wherewillthisfindingmosttypicallybepresent:
A.Lungwithpulmonarythromboembolism
B.Heartwithcoronarythrombosis
C.Liverwithhypovolemicshock
D.Kidneywithsepticembolus
E.Spleenwithembolizedmuralthrombus
32.WhichisNOTafeatureofapoptoticcelldeath?
A.cuttingoftheDNAatregularintervals
B.cross-linkingofproteinsinthecytoplasm
C.destructionofthecytoskeleton
*D.liquefactionoftheapoptoticremnant
E.pyknosisofthenucleusasinotherformsofnecrosis
33.Thecliniciantellsthepatient,"Thepathologistcalledyourbiopsypre-cancerous".Thatmeansthepathologistprobablycalledit:
A.amasswithoutanaplasia
B.hyperplasia
C.hypertrophy
D.metaplasia
E.dysplasia
34.WhichisNOTevidenceofirreversiblecellinjury?
A.acutecellswelling("cellularedema")
B.calciumchunksinthemitochondria
C.nuclearpyknosis
D.ruptureofthelysosomes
E.alltheaboveareevidenceofirreversibleinjury
35.Whichionisblamedfor"reperfusioninjury"?
A.calcium
B.magnesium
C.phosphate
D.potassium
E.sodium
36.You'remostlikelytoseecaseousnecrosisin
A.calcifiedfataroundawoundedpancreas
B.gangrenousdiabeticfoot
C.infarctedmyocardium
D.pusinaboil
E.tuberculouslung
37.The"acutephasereaction"inacuteinflammationisagroupofbiochemicalchangesmediatedby:
A.dilatationofsmallbloodvessels
*B.factorsreleasedfrommacrophages
C.histamineandcomplementcomponents,amongothers
D.neutrophilinjurytotissue
E.theincreasederythrocytesedimentationrate
38.What'sthecharacteristiccellintissueinflammationcausedbyworms?
*A.eosinophil
B.lymphocyte
C.macrophage
D.neutrophil
E.plasmacell
39.Platelet-derivedgrow
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