大学四级 915.docx
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大学四级 915.docx
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大学四级915
大学四级-915
(总分:
778.00,做题时间:
90分钟)
一、PartⅠWriting(总题数:
1,分数:
106.00)
1.学习英语很重要。
2.简要介绍你的英语学习经验。
3.鼓励她学好英语。
(分数:
106.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
([范文]
ALettertoMySister
April30,2006
DearLiHong,
IamsopleasedtohearfromyouandnoticethatyouarepayinggreatattentiontoEnglishlearning.
Asyoumayhavefelt,learningEnglishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant,eventhoughitisnot
yourmajor.Don'tbesurprised.Justthinkabouttheneedtocommunicatewithforeignexperts
inthefuturework,ortheneedtoreadinformationandmaterialsinEnglishinyourfuturework.
Actually,learningEnglishalsoprovidesanaccesstoanotherculture.Thatbeingsaid,Iwould
liketosharewithyoumyownexperienceofhowtolearnEnglish.
ThemostimportantthinginlearningEnglish,Ibelieve,istolearntouseit.Itmeansthat
Englishlearningshouldnotberegardedasanisolatedlearningactivityinclassrooms.Itshould
beintegratedintoyourdailylife.Infact,moreopportunitiesarepresentedtoyouinoureveryday
life.First,itprovidesmoreup-to-datelanguageusages.Second,itgivesyouthecontextof
languageusage.Afterall,languageisaboutcommunication.Thus,tolearntouseitinreal
situationswillhelpyoubettermasterit.Therefore,youshouldgraspeveryopportunityofusing
English.Moreover,youshouldalsobeawareofthelearningthatmightoccurinourdailylife.
Forexample,whenyounoticeabrandname,orwhenyouwatchaforeignmovie,trytoidentify
usefulexpressionsorusages.
Ofcourse,learningEnglishisnoteasy.However,theprocessisfulloffun.Solongasyoumake
effortsandfindyourways,youwillsurelylearnitwell.
Yours,
LiFang)
解析:
写作提示:
根据题目给定的提纲,可以确定这篇应用文的主要目的是给妹妹提供学习英语的经验以及建议。
根据提纲,第一段可以告诉她学习英语的重要性。
第二段可以告诉她一些学习英语的方法或者技巧。
第三段则鼓励她好好学习英语。
本文的重点应该是第二段,即学习英语的方法。
二、PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(总题数:
1,分数:
70.00)
RocketRenaissance
TheEarofPrivateSpaceflightIsAbouttoStart
Background
Twoyearsago,peoplewitnessedthefirstspacetravelbySpaceShipOne.Threepeoplewereinvolved
inthisflight:
BurtRutan,whodesignedthecraft,andMikeMelvill,whoflewit--althoughthey
wereablyassistedbyPaulAllen,oneofthefoundersofMicrosoft,whopaidforit.Certainly,
peoplehavelongbeenknownthatmannedspaceflightwaspossible.Whattheyshowedwasthatit
isnotjustagameforgovernments.Privateindividualscanplay,too.
Peopleinvolved
Now,lotsofpeoplewanttojoinin,andmostofthemhavejustmetupattheInternationalSpace
DevelopmentConferenceinLosAngeles,toengageinthatmixtureofcamaraderieandcompetition
thatcharacterisesthebeginningsofanewtechnology.And,asmightbeexpected,theyhavetwo
ofthenecessaryingredientsofsuccess:
ideasandmoney.
First,themoney.Sofar,morethan$1billionisknowntohavebeencommittedtobuildingprivate
spaceshipsandtheinfrastructuretosupportthem.Forexample,Mr..Rum'sfollow-upvehicle,
SpaceShipTwo,isexpectedtocostitsbackers,VirginGalactic,$240mforafleetoffive.The
spaceportinNewMexicofromwhichtheseareintendedtoflywillaccountforanother$225m,
althoughNewMexico'sgovernmentisplanningtoraisethismoneyitself.
Thesearenotsmallsums,ofcourse.Ontheotherhand,VirginGalactichasalreadybanked$14m
ofdepositstowardsthe$200,000farefrompeoplewhowanttotravelonSpaceShipTwo,eventhough
ithasyettobebuilt,letaloneflown.
Allthissuggeststhatspaceflight,ifnotexactlyenteringtheageofthecommonman,isatleast
enteringtheageofthemoderatelyprosperousenthusiast.Forentrepreneurs,itisnolonger
necessarytohavebillionsofdollarstogetintospace;millionswillnowdo.Andforthosewho
merelywishtotravelthere,andhaveenoughmoneyintheirbankaccount,realityisfavourable.
Getstarted
Aswithaircraftacenturyago,alotofdesignsarecompetingwitheachother,andthereisno
certaintyaboutwhichwillsucceed.Theinitialgoalistobuildasuborbitalvehicle.This
willnothavetodevelopthetremendousspeedneededtogointoorbitaroundtheEarth.instead,
itwilltravelbrieflyintospace,offeringashortthrillingrideoutoftheatmosphere,afew
minutesofweightlessness,andaspectacularviewoftheplanetfromabout100kin.Fourimportant
criteriaarehowyoutakeoff,whatfuelyouuse,whatyourcraftismadeof,andhowyoucome
back.
Mostpeople'svisionofarocketlaunchisstraightupfromtheground.But,ofthefivevehicles
mostlikelytobedeveloped,twowillactuallybelaunchedfromtheair.SpaceShipTwowillbe
cardedtohighaltitudebyapurpose-builtaircraftknownasEvebeforeitsrocketmotorisignited.
AndExplorer,avehiclebeingdesignedbySpaceAdventures,willbelaunchedfromthetopofa
high-altitudeRussianresearchplanecalledtheM-55X,accordingtoEricAnderson,thefirm's
presidentandchiefexecutive.
AsDennisJenkins,aconsultantengineeratNASA,America'sspaceagency,pointsout,thisis
similartousingatwo-stagerockettogetintospace,withtheaircraftactingasthefirststage.
However,aplaneoffersseveraladvantagesoverathrow-awayboosterrocket.First,itcanbe
usedagain.Second,itusesoxygenfromtheair,ratherthanhavingtocarryitsownoxidant,
whichsavesweight.Third,itisliftedbywings.Thatmeanstheatmosphereisanadvantage,rather
thanahindrance.Allthismeansthatthespacecraftitselfcanbelighterandcheaper.
Noteveryonewantstoruntwovehicles,though.JeffGreason,presidentofXCORAerospace,afirm
basedinMojave,California,isdevelopingatwo-person,ground-launchedsuborbitalrocketplane
calledXerus.Launchingfromtheground,saysMr.Greason,ismoredifficultthanairlaunching,
buthereckonsthatinthiscaseithassignificantlyloweroperatingcosts.
Fuelchoices
Thesecondimportantdesignchoiceisthetypeoffuel.Unlikeajetengine,arocketcarries
itsownoxidant(氧第剂).Thisiswhyitcanoperateinspace.Sometimesthatoxidantisoxygen
itself,inliquidform.Inthatcasethefuel,too,isusuallyliquid-eitherkerosene(煤油)or
liquidhydrogen(氢)—andthetwoliquidsarestoredinseparatetanksuntiltheymeetinthe
rocket'scombustionchamber.Alternatively,bothfuelandoxidantaresolid,andareloaded
pre-mixed,likethepropellantofafireworkrocket.
SpaceShipTwo,though,followsthedesignofSpaceShipOneandispoweredbyamixtureofthe
However,
oxidant.nobutfuelsolidwithfilledpartlyismixtureaofchambercombustionThetwo.
thefueliscoatedroundtheinsideofthechamber,leavingaholethroughthemiddleintowhich
aliquidorgaseousoxidantcanbepumped,andoutofwhichtheexhaustemerges.InSpaceShip
One,thefuelwasrubberandtheoxidantaliquefiedgascallednitrousoxide(一氧化二氮).
Proponentsofmixturesaytheyaresaferthaneitherpuresolidorpureliquidrockets.George
Whittinghill,VirginGalactic'schieftechnologist,saysthattheyaresaferthansolidrockets
becausetheflowofoxidantcanbecontrolled,andcombustionhalted,ifthereisaproblem.Solid
rockets,likethefireworkstheyresemble,cannotbestoppeduntiltheyrunoutoffuel.Onthe
otherhandliquid-fuelledengines,thoughtheycanbeshutdown,arecomplexandtemperamental.
AsMr.Whittinghillobserves,heyhavepumps,seals,valvesandlineseverywhere,andthere
isalotthatpotentiallycouldgowrong.
Allthisratherirratesthoseworkingonliquidpropulsion.RichardPournelle,headofinvestor
relationsatXCORAerospace,saysthecomparisonisunfair.Liquidpropulsionisroutinein
rocketrywhilehybridsarestillrare.Numbersalone,therefore,meanthatliquid-fuelledrockets
blowupmoreoften.That,Mr.Pournelleargues,doesnotprovethattheyareinherentlyunsafe.
ChuckLauer,vice-presidentofbusinessdevelopmentforRocketplane,anotherfirmgoingdown
theliquid-fuelledroute,agreesandarguesthatkeroseneiswidelyusedasaviationfueland
nobodycomplainsthatitisunsafe.
(分数:
70.00)
(1).Itisonlytwoyearsagothatpeoplebecameawareofthefactthatmannedspaceflightwas
actuallypossible.(分数:
7.00)
填空项1:
__________________(正确答案:
N)
解析:
此题是细节题。
根据题干中表示时间的词汇,可将相关信息定位于Bockground部分的第一段。
第一段的第三句明确指出,人类早已知道有人操纵的宇宙飞行是可能的事情。
(2).Spaceflightispossibleforindividualswhowanttoflyinthespaceandwhohavethemoney.(分数:
7.00)
填空项1:
__________________(正确答案:
Y)
解析:
此题是细节题。
根据题干中的表示与人相关的关键词可将相关信息定位于Peopleinvolved部分第一段的内容。
该段中最后一句话明确提到了参与这些活动的人必须具备两个条件:
希望邀游太空,而且很有钱。
(3).Theinitialgoalofbuildinganaircraftistomakethevehiclefly,andspeedwasnotsuch
aprimaryconsideration.(分数:
7.00)
填空项1:
__________________(正确答案:
NG)
解析:
此题是细节题。
根据题干中的关键词initialgoal,buildinganaircraft,可将相关信息定位于Getstarted部分的第一段中。
内容是“在制造初期,出现了大量的设计”。
之后的内容就与飞机无关。
而且下文也没有提到飞机设计初期的主要目的和考虑。
(4).Allofthefivevehiclesmostlikelytobedevelopedwillbelaunchedfromtheair.(分数:
7.00)
填空项1:
__________________(正确答案:
N)
解析:
此题是数字题。
Getstarted部分第二段的第二句话“…ofthefivevehiclesmostlikelytobe
developed,twowillactuallybelaunchedfromtheair.”表明只有两个将使用空中发射的方式,而不是所有的。
(5).Althoughitispossibletolaunchthespaceshipbothfromgroundandfromtheair,somepeople
believeit'smorecost-effectivetolaunchitfromground.(分数:
7.00)
填空项1:
__________________(正确答案:
Y)
解析:
此题是细节题。
根据关键词launch定位该题涉及的信息在Getstarted部分的第三段的最后一句。
该句明确指出:
地面发射更经济。
(6).AconsultantengineeratNASApointsoutthatusingaircraftactingasthefirstStageprovides
)7.00(分数:
severaladvantagesovera
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