英语常用语法术语表.docx

英语常用语法术语表.docx

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英语常用语法术语表

常用语法术语表

semantic:

adjmeaninginlanguage语义的；semantics语义学

pragmaticsn.thestudyofthewaywordsandphrasesareusedinconversationtoexpressmeanings,feelings,andideaswhicharesometimesdifferentfromtheactualmeaningofthewordsused语用学

complexsentence:

Acomplexsentenceisasentenceformedbytwoormoreclausesconnectedbythesubordinateconjunctions.复合句

compoundsentence:

Acompoundsentenceisasentencesmadeupofmorethantwoclausesconnectedbycoordinateconjunctions.并列句

Ⅰ.Morphology：

thestudyofthemorphemesofalanguage,andofthewayinwhichtheyarejoinedtogethertomakewords词法

morpheme:

thesmallestmeaningfulunitinalanguage,consistingofawordorpartofawordthatcannotbedividedwithoutlosingitsmeaning词素（语言中最小的意义单位）

morphologicaladj

syntax

1.（therulesofgrammarwhichareusedfororderingandconnectingwordstoformphrasesorsentences）句法

2.theruleswhichdescribehowwordsandphrasesareusedinacomputerlanguage（电子计算机语言中使用的）句法规则、语法

syntacticadjconcerningorobeyingtherulesofsyntax句法的，符合句法规则的

3.Notional（havinganactualmeaninginasentence）Words实意词

4.FormWords虚词

5.TheNoun名词

6.ThePronoun代词

7.TheNumeral数词

8.TheAdjective形容词

9.TheVerb动词

10.transitiveadj（动词）及物的

11.intransitiveadj不及物的

12.ThePreposition介词

13.TheAdverb副词

14.TheArticle冠词

15.TheDeterminer:

Ingrammar,adeterminerisawordwhichisusedatthebeginningofanoungrouptoindicate,forexample,whichthingyouarereferringtoorwhetheryouarereferringtoonethingorseveral.CommonEnglishdeterminersare“a,”“the,”“some,”“this,”and“each,”限定词

16.ThePreposition介词

17.TheConjunction连词

18.CoordinatingConjunctions并列连词

19.SubordinatingConjunctions从属连词

20.Correlative（相关的；关联词）Conjunctions关联词

Thecorrelativeconjunctionsareusedinpairs.Thecorrelativeconjunctionsare:

both...and,either...or,neither...nor,notonly....butalso,whether...or...

21.TheInterjection感叹词

22.TheParticle：

anyofanumberofusu.shortwordsthatarenotasimportantinasentenceasthesubject,verb,etc小品词；质词；虚词

23.WordBuilding构词法

24.Conversion转化；转变；转换；

25.Derivation:

thepointororiginfromwhichsomethingcomes派生

i.e.Whatisthederivationofthisword?

这个词的词源是什么？

26.Derivative

1）n.somethingthatisbasedonorformedfromsthelseofthesametype派生物；衍生物i.e.

FrenchisaderivativeofLatin法语是从拉丁语派生出来的

2）adj（贬）无创造性的，无新意的，模仿他人的

derive:

1）衍生；来自；起源于

Theword“deride”derivesfromLatin.来源于拉丁语

2）derivesthfromsth/sb获得

27.Compounding（Composition）合成

28.affix:

agroupoflettersorsoundsaddedtothebeginningofaword（prefix）ortotheendofaword（suffix）tochangeitsmeaningoritsuse词缀

Ⅱ.ClassificationofNouns名词的分类

1.CommonNouns普通名词

2.ProperNouns专有名词

3.IndividualNouns个体名词

4.CollectiveNouns集体名词

5.MaterialNouns物质名词

6.AbstractNouns抽象名词

7.CountableNouns可数名词

8.UncountableNouns不可数名词

9.TheSingularForm单数形式

10.ThePluralForm复数形式

11.TheCommonCase普通格

12.ThePossessiveCase所有格

13.Gender性

14.TheDefiniteArticle定冠词

15.TheIndefiniteArticle不定代词

16.PersonalPronouns人称代词

17.PossessivePronouns物主代词

18.SelfPronouns自身代词

19.DemonstrativePronouns指示代词

20.InterrogativePronouns疑问代词

21.ConjunctivePronouns连接代词

22.RelativePronouns关系代词

23.Reciprocal（相互的）Pronouns相互代词

24.IndefinitePronouns不定代词

25.TheAbsoluteFormsofPossessivePronouns物主代词的绝对形式

26.TheSubjectiveCase主格

27.TheObjectiveCase宾格

28.Cardinal（基数）Numerals基数词

29.Ordinal（序数）Numerals序数词

30.FractionalNumerals分数词

31.DegreesofComparison比较的级别

32.TheComparativeDegree比较级

33.TheSuperlativeDegree最高级

ⅢNotionalVerbs实意动词

1.Link-verbs系动词

2.Auxiliary/Auxiliary（辅助的）Verbs助动词

3.ModalVerbs/Modal/ModalAuxiliary情态动词

4.TransitiveVerbs及物动词

5.IntransitiveVerbs不及物动词

6.RegularVerbs规则动词

7.IrregularVerbs

8.PhrasalVerbs成语动词

9.DelexicalVerbs蓄意动词

10.DitransitiveVerbs双宾动词

11.StativeVerbs静态动词

12.InstantaneousVerbs短暂动词

13.ErgativeVerbs兼作及物及不及物动词的动词

14.TheFiniteFormsoftheVerb动词的限定形式

15.Person人称

16.Number数

17.Tense时态

18.Voice语态

19.Mood语气

20.TheNon-finiteFormsoftheVerb动词的非限定形式

21.ThePrincipalFormsoftheVerb动词的主要形式

22.ThePresentForms现在式

23.ThePastForms过去式

24.TheParticiple分词

25.ThePresentParticiple现在分词

26.ThePastParticiple过去分词

27.TheInfinitive不定式

28.BareInfinitive光秃不定式

29.TheGerund动名词

30.TheVerbalNoun名词化得动名词

31.Contractions动词的紧缩形式

Ⅳ

1）ThePresentIndefinite一般现在时

2）ThePastIndefinite一般过去时

3）TheFutureIndefinite一般将来时

4）ThePastFutureIndefinite一般过去将来时

5）ThePresentContinuous现在进行时

6）TheFutureContinuous将来进行时

7）ThePastContinuous过去进行时

8）ThePastFutureContinuous过去将来进行时

9）ThePresentPerfect现在完成时

10）ThePastPerfect过去完成时

11）TheFuturePerfect将来完成时

12）ThePastFuturePerfect过去将来完成时

13）ThePresentPerfectContinuous现在完成进行时

14）ThePastPerfectContinuous过去完成进行时

15）TheFuturePerfectContinuous将来完成进行时

16）ThePastFuturePerfectContinuous过去将来完成进行时

ⅤTheSequenceofTense时态的呼应

1）ThePassiveVoice被动语态

2）TheActiveVoice主动语态

3）TheIndicativeMood陈述语气

4）TheImperative/TheImperativeMood祈使语气

5）TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气

6）SentencesofRealCondition真实条件句

7）SentencesofUnrealCondition虚拟条件句

8）ConditionalSentencesofMixedTime错综时间条件句

9）SentencesofImpliedCondition含蓄条件句

Ⅵ

1）AdverbsofTime时间副词

2）AdverbsofPlace地点副词

3）AdverbsofManner方式副词

4）AdverbsofDegree程度副词

5）AdverbsofFrequency频度副词

6）RelativeAdverbs关系副词

7）ConjunctiveAdverbs连接副词

8）InterrogativeAdverbs疑问副词

9）CoordinatingConjunctions并列连词

10）SubordinatingConjunctions从属连词

Ⅶ

1）Thesentence句子

2）MembersoftheSentence句子的成分

3）TheSubject主语

4）PreparatorySubject先行主语

5）ThePredicate谓语

6）ThePredicative表语

7）TheObject宾语

8）RetainedObject保留宾语

9）TheAttribute定语

10）TheAdverbial（Modifier）状语

11.TheAppositive同位语

12.IndependenceElements独立成分

13.DeclarativeSentences陈述句

14.ImperativeSentences祈使句

15.ExclamatorySentences感叹句

16.InterrogativeSentences疑问句

17.GeneralQuestions一般问句

18.SpecialQuestions特殊问句

19.AlternativeQuestions选择问句

20.Disjunctive（反意连接词；反意的）Questions反意问句

21.SimpleSentences简单句

22.CompoundSentences并列句

23.ComplexSentences复合句

例如：

“ifitrains,iwon’tgo”.Ifitrains是subordinateclause;iwon’tgo是mainclause

24.CompoundComplexSentences并列复合句

One-memberSentences单部句

Two-memberSentences双部句

Elliptical（ellipsis省略）Sentences

CleftSentences分裂句

ThesimplePredicate简单谓语

ThecompoundPredicate复合谓语

25.TheCompoundVerbalPredicate表行为的复合谓语

26.TheCompoundNominal（名词性的，作名词用的）Predicate表性状的复合谓语

27.TheDirectObject直接宾语

28.TheIndirectObject间接宾语

29.TheComplexObject复合宾语

30.TheCognate（同源的；同祖先的，同宗的）Object同源宾语

31.DirectAddress呼语

32.Parenthesis（=bracket圆括号；或指圆括号内的插入语）插入语

33.DirectSpeech直接引语

34.IndirectSpeech间接引语

35.AbsoluteConstructions独立结构

36.Phrases短语

37.ParticipialPhrases分词短语

38.PrepositionalPhrases介词短语

39.InfinitivePhrases不定式短语

40.VerbPhrases动词短语

41.Phrasalverbs成语动词

42.Clauses从句（分句）

43.MainClause主句

44.SubordinateClauses从句

45.ObjectiveClauses宾语从句

46.SubjectClauses主语从句

47.PredicativeClauses表语从句

48.AttributiveClauses定语从句

49.AppositiveClauses同位语从句

50.AdverbialClauses状语从句

51.AdverbialClausesofTime时间状语从句

52.AdverbialClausesofPlace地点状语从句

53.AdverbialClausesofCause原因状语从句

54.AdverbialClausesofCondition条件状语从句

55.AdverbialClausesofDegree/result程度（结果）状语从句

56.AdverbialClausesofConcession让步状语从句

57.AdverbialClausesofPurpose目的状语从句

58.AdverbialClausesofComparison比较状语从句

59.AdverbialClausesofManner方式状语从句

60.DefiningAttributiveClauses/RelativeClause限制性定语从句

61Non-DefiningAttributiveClauses/Non-RelativeClause非限制性定语从句

62.LimitingAttributes限制性定语

63.DescriptiveAttributes描绘性定语

64.NaturalWord-order自然语序

65.InvertedWord-order倒装语序

66.Inversion倒装

67.FullInversion完全倒装

68.PartialInversion部分倒装

69.Ellipsis省略

70.Substitution替代

71.TransformationofSentences句型转换

72.AnalysisofSentences句子分析

ⅧPunctuation标点符号

1.Period（FullStop）句号

2.QuestionMark问号

3.ExclamationMark感叹号

4.Comma逗号

5.Semicolon分号

6.Colon冒号

7.Dash破折号

8.Hyphen连字号

9.Brackets/Parenthesis圆括号

10.QuotationMarks引号

11.Apostrophe撇号