武汉都市圈的行业电子商务发展研究英文原文及翻译.docx
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武汉都市圈的行业电子商务发展研究英文原文及翻译.docx
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武汉都市圈的行业电子商务发展研究英文原文及翻译
一、英文原文
ResearchontheE-CommerceDevelopmentofIndustrySectors
inWuhanMetropolitanArea
XiangLin
I.INTRODUCTION
Duringtheprocessofinformationization’spenetrationintoalleconomicfields,electroniccommercebringsnewdevelopmentchancestoindustrysectorsinWuhanmetropolitanareas.Thesecondaryindustryincludestheenterprisesperformingindustrialmanufactureandservices.Wecandividetheindustryintothreesectors,thatis,manufacturingsector,extractivesectorandenergysector.Industrialsectoristhecriticalpartinthemoderneconomy.Thedevelopmentofindustry’sinformationizationbasedontheadoptionofelectroniccommercesystemhasbrokenthroughtheregionalboundaries.Theinformationization’sboommeansthattraditionalbusinessmechanismisnottheengineofregionaldevelopmentanymore.
Todaythereare37389industrialenterprisesinWuhanmetropolitanareas(includingWuhan,Huangshi,Eshoo,Huanggang,Xiaogan,Xianning,Xiantao,QianjiangandTianmen).Amongtheseenterprises,33710enterprisesbelongtomanufacturingsector,accountfor90.2percentoftotal,2646enterprisesbelongtoextractivesector,accountfor7.1percentoftotal,and1033enterprisesbelongtoenergysector,accountfor2.7percentoftotal.Themajorityofthemlocateinthecorecityofmetropolitanarea-Wuhan.Tobespecific,12645enterprisesinWuhan,accountfor33.8percentofall,5091enterprisesinHuangshi,accountfor13.6percentofall,2007enterprisesinEzhou,accountfor5.4percentofall,4604enterprisesinHuanggang,accountfor12.3percentofall,4813enterprisesinXiaogan,accountfor12.9percentofall,3894enterprisesinXianning,accountfor10.4percentofall,2438enterprisesinXiantao,accountfor6.5percentofall,892enterprisesinQianjiang,accountfor2.5percentofall,1005enterprisesinTtianmen,accountfor2.6percentofall(Lou,2009).
Fromthepointofviewofindustrysectors,thispaperanalyzesthedevelopmentsituationandsomeproblemsofelectroniccommercedevelopmentofindustrysectorsinWuhanmetropolitanandputsforwardcountermeasurestoimprovetheelectroniccommercedevelopment,cultivateproperenvironmentandhelptheprogresstheelectroniccommercetoadapttotherequirementofinformationeconomy.
Nowadaysvariousindustriesandbusinessareasareutilizinginternet.Apartfromconnectivity,thereisagreatamountofotherprospectscomingalongwithit.Theinternetisusedtoaugment,orevensupplant,productandservicedeliveryprocessesconsideredasmoretraditional.Enterprisesinindustrysectorsbecomethecoreforceofthedevelopmentofelectroniccommercebecauseoftheirenormousquantity.
Atabasiclevel,theadoptiondecisionofnewpaymentmethodsiscontrolledbyconsumerdemandforelectroniccommerceandtheavailablesupplyofnewtechnology,particularlywhereitcanreducerelianceonthebranchnetwork.Morespecificmotivatorsincludeprotectionofreputation,competition,costsavings,masscustomization,enhancementofmarketingandcommunicationactivities,andretentionandattractionofconsumers.Comparedwiththesefactors,securityconcernshavebeenhighlightedasthemostimportantissuedelayingthediffusionofelectroniccommerceinindustrysectors.Inaddition,lackofuser-friendlytechnologyandconsumerdemand,highinitialset-upcosts,redundancyofexistinghighcostlegacysystemandlackofsuitableskillshaveactedasinhibitingfactorstomanyenterprises’adoptionofelectroniccommerce(LauraBradleyandKateStewart,2002).
Scholarsanalyzee-commercefromdifferentpointsofview;someofresearchers’focusisonthesupplychainofindustries.Asthecontinuousdevelopmentandapplicationofinformationtechnology,electroniccommerceismoreandmoreusedintheallindustriestoformtheinformationchainwhichisacommunicationandoperationcenterofvirtualnetwork.Itconnectsproducer’sbusinesspartnersandconsumersintoanintegratedcooperation.Fromtheinformationflow,capitalflowandlogisticstoconsumers,theinformationchainaccomplishesthevalueofenterprisesinindustriessectors(Woo,ShawandFulkerson,2000).
Someresearchespaymoreattentiononthee-commerce’sapplicationintertiaryindustries,especiallyinproducerserviceindustryandtourismindustry.Theproducerserviceindustryisaninformationintensive,knowledgeintensiveandtechnologyintensiveindustry.Producerserviceembodiesawiderangeofindustriesincludingtheknowledge,informationandtechnologyproducts,includingthegeneration,processingandtransmissionofintelligenceproducts.Suchkindsofintelligenceproductsemitknowledge,informationandtechnologytoallkindsofsectorsanddepartmentsofthenationaleconomy(Bryson,2001).Inthisway,theproducerserviceindustrywillbeimpactedmorethananyothertertiaryindustriesunderthenetworkeconomy(ZhuandShen,2009).Thee-commerce’sapplicationoftourismindustrymainlyfocusesoninternetticketsales.Internetticketsaleshavegrownrapidlybecausedistributionmethodsaretailoredtocustomerneeds.Threemodelsdominatetheinternetdistributionchannelincludingonlinetravelagents,airlinewebsitesandauctionandreverseauctionoutlets(Smith,Gunther,RaoandRatliff,2001).
Mostofthescholarsperformtheirresearchesonthedevelopmentofelectroniccommercewithinonecertainaspectincludingsupplychainoronecertainindustrymainlyincludingproducerserviceindustryortourismindustry,theypaylittleattentiononthedevelopmentofelectroniccommerceofindustrysectorswithinacertainregion.ThispaperwillfocusontheelectroniccommercedevelopmentofindustrysectorsinWuhanmetropolitanarea.
II.E-COMMERCEDEVELOPMENTSTATUSOFINDUSTRYSECTORSINWUHANMETROPOLITANAREA
Generallyspeaking,ifanenterprisedecidestoengageinelectroniccommerce,itcanadopttwoways-theoneistoconstructaportalbyitselfortomakeuseofexistingelectroniccommerceplatform.
Nowonlyaboutonefifthenterpriseshavetakenelectroniccommerceastheirmaintrademethod.InWuhanmetropolitanareaplentyofindustrialenterpriseshavenoideaofinternetportalore-businessplatformandtheyarestillusingthetraditionaltrademethod.
Amongtheindustrialenterpriseshavingtakentheelectroniccommerce,1855ofthemhavetheirownportalsand7056ofthemhavecooperatedwithelectroniccommerceplatforms.Thenumberofindustrialenterpriseswhohavebothportalsandplatformsis1126andaccountsfor14.5percentoftotal.Thenumberofindustrialenterpriseswhohaveportalsbutnotuseplatformsis729andaccountsfor9.4percentoftotal.Thenumberofindustrialenterpriseswhouseplatformsbutnoportalsis5930andaccountsfor76.2percentoftotal.Itimpliesthatthemajorityofindustrialenterprisesprefertouseexistingelectroniccommerceplatformsbecauseofitslowcostofsoftwarerenewingandsystemmaintenance.
Theinternetportalsconstructedbytheseindustrialenterprisesaremainlyusedtodobusinesssuchasenterprise-introducing,products-publicity,online-marketing,online-purchasing,online-payment,online-serviceandstaff-recruitment..
Basedontheabovedatainthetable2,wecangettheinformationthattheenterprisesemploytheseportalstoreportsomestaticinformationincludingenterprise-introducingandproducts-publicity.Approximatelyhalfoftheseenterprisesperformonline-serviceandstaff-recruitmentontheirowninternetportalsandrealizethetransferandexchangeofinformationbetweenthecustomersandthemorbetweenthepotentialstaffandthem.Thenumberofenterpriseswhoundertakeonline-purchasing,online-marketingislessthanonequarteroftotal.Andremarkably,noenterprisesconductonline-paymentontheirportals.
Wecanclassifyelectroniccommerceplatformsintocomprehensiveplatforms,professionalplatformsandregionalplatforms.Thecomprehensiveplatformisatypeofelectroniccommerceplatformservingforallmerchandisesincludingindustrialmerchandises,suchaswww.A,andsoforth.Theprofessionalplatforminthispapermeanstheoneonlyservingforindustrialmerchandises.AndregionalplatformistheoneonlyprovidingservicesforenterprisesinHubeiprovinceorWuhanmetropolitanarea.
IndustrialenterprisesinWuhanmetropolitanareamostlymakesuseofcomprehensiveelectroniccommerceplatform,thenumberofthemaccountsfor75.5percentoftotal(seetable3).Thenumberofenterpriseswhouseprofessionalplatformsaccountsfor42.4percentofallandthenumberofwhoemployregionalplatformsaccountsforonly6.9percentofallbecauseofthedeficiencyoftheregionalplatformsinWuhanmetropolitanarea.
Tobeconcrete,industrialenterprisesusingthreetypesofelectroniccommerceplatformsaccountsforlessthan2percentoftotal,theonesusingtwotypesaccountsfor25.3percentoftotalandalmostallindustrialenterprisesprefertoemployonetypeofplatform(Lou,2009).Thereasonwhysomanyenterprisestakeoneplatformasbusinessintermediaryisthattheseenterpriseshavetopaytoplatformprovidersmonthlyorannually.Large-sizeindustrialenterprisesusuallytendtomakeuseoftwoorthreetypesofplatforms.
III.BARRIERSOFE-COMMERCEDEVELOPMENTOFINDUSTRYSECTORSINWUHANMETROPOLITANAREA
A.IndustryEnterprises’UnawarenessaboutElectronicCommerce
ForlackofdirectionalrulesandregulationsdirectingelectroniccommercecooperationofindustrysectorsinWuhanmetropolitanareaandefficientpublicityorpromotion,manypotentialusers(industrialenterprises)arenotveryclearaboutthebenefitsoradd
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- 武汉 都市 行业 电子商务 发展 研究 英文 原文 翻译