版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义Book 5 Unit 4.docx
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版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义Book 5 Unit 4.docx
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版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义Book5Unit4
2019年4月
基础知识默写(学生用书271~272页)
1.delightedadj.快乐的;欣喜的
delightv.使高兴n.快乐
2.assistvt.帮助;协助;援助
assistantn.助手;助理;售货员
assistancen.援助;协助
3.concentratevi.&vt.集中;聚集
concentrationn.专心
4.assessvt.估价;评定;评估
assessmentn.评估;评定
5.informvt.告知;通知
informedadj.见多识广的
informationn.信息
6.meanwhileadv.其间;同时
7.accusevt.指责;谴责;控告
accusationn.指责,谴责;控告
8.guiltyadj.犯罪的;有罪的;内疚的
guiltn.罪行
9.demandn.需求;要求vt.强烈要求
demandingadj.要求很高的;费力的
10.giftedadj.有天赋的;有才华的
giftn.天赋;礼物
11.crimen.罪行;犯罪
criminaln.罪犯adj.犯罪的
12.senioradj.年长的;高年级的;高级的
13.approvevt.赞成;认可;批准
approvaln.赞成;认可
14.processvt.加工;处理n.过程;程序;步骤
15.appointmentn.约会;约定;任命
appointvt.任命;委派
appointedadj.指定的;约定的
16.journalistn.记者;新闻工作者
17.colleaguen.同事
18.deadlinen.最后期限,截止日期
19.deliberatelyadv.故意地
20.dilemman.(进退两难的)困境;窘境
21.sectionn.部分;节
22.admirableadj.值得赞扬的;令人钦佩的
admirationn.钦佩;赞扬
23.accurateadj.精确的;正确的;准确无误的
accuracyn.精确(性),准确(性)
24.acquirevt.获得;取得;学到
acquisitionn.获得
25.technicaladj.技术(上)的;技巧方面的
technicallyadv.技术上;工艺上
26.thoroughadj.彻底的;详尽的
27.professionn.职业;专业
professionaladj.专业的;职业的n.专业人员
28.chiefadj.主要的;首席的n.首领;长官
29.beeagertodo...渴望做……
30.concentrateon集中;全神贯注于
31.haveagoodnosefor对……敏感
32.informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事
33.keep/bearinmind记住
34.dependon/upon依靠;依赖
35.accuse...of因……指责或控告……
36.soasto(dosth.)为了(做)……
37.aheadof在……前面
38.pass...onto把……传给……
39.NeverwillZhouYang(ZY)forgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.
周阳永远不会忘记他在一家知名的英语报社上班的第一项工作任务。
40.Haveyoueverhadacasewheresomeoneaccusedyourjournalistsofgettingthewrongendofthestick?
你们有没有过这样的情况:
别人控告你的记者,说他(她)们的报道完全失实?
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Meanwhile(同时),myhorsegotfrightened,jumpedup,andranaroundwildly.(2018·浙江)
2.Thebookistoodifficultformostsenior(高级的)highschoolstudents.
3.Hedeliberately(故意地)makesthingsdifficultforothers.
4.IamabouttosaymoreaboutthiswhenDonna,anothercolleague(同事),enterstheroomhastily.
5.Isatatatable,explainingeverystepoftheprocess(过程)whilemakingtea.(2018·北京)
6.Inmyopinion,inordertoknowaforeignlanguagethoroughly(完全地),fourthingsarenecessary.(2018·江西质检)
7.Acompanycannotbesoldwithouttheapproval(approve)oftheshareholders.
8.Someinsistthatstealingisalwayswrong,butothersthinkthatonedoesnotneedtofeelsoguilty(guilt)whenstealingsomefoodtoeat.
9.Thereisthebeliefthat,ifyouarriveatanappointment(appoint)late,youwillbeconsideredimportant.
10.I’msureIwasthelastpersonintheworldhewantedtoacceptassistance(assist)from.
(2016·全国Ⅲ)
11.Thesepeopleearnalivingwagefortheirprofessional(profession)knowledgeandskills.
(2018·江苏)
12.Itisthattimeofyearwhenpeopleneedtolocktheircars.It’snotbecausetherearealotofcriminals(crime)runningaroundstealingcars.(2018·桂林模拟)
13.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgifted(gift)AustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
14.ShespeaksEnglishsowellthatherfriendsarefilledwithadmiration(admire).
15.Ifinditveryrelaxing.It’snotverydemanding(demand),butyoustillneedtoconcentrate.
(2018·河北衡水中学模拟)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
Asajournalist,notonlydoesLiQiang1.haveagoodnosefornews,buthealsohasadmirableprofessionalskills.Beforeeveryinterview,he2.concentratesonpreparingforit.Intheprocessofaninterview,hecanacquiretheinformationheneeds3.dependingonwhattheintervieweeanswersandmeanwhilecomesupwiththenextquestion.Butonedayhe4.wasaccusedofgettingthewrongendofthestick,whichmadehimverysurprised.
Wemustalways5.keepinmindthathealthis6.aheadofanyotherthing.Withouthealththereisnothing.Also,wemust7.passthisviewpointontoourchildrenand8.keeptheminformedoftheimportanceofhealth.Itisnecessarytoexerciseregularly9.soastokeephealthy.Forthosewho10.areeagertomakecontributionstotheircountry,exerciseisespeciallyimportant.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Yourdreamofbecomingajournalististocometruebecauseyouarewiseandhardworking.(betodo)
因为你既聪明又勤奋,你当记者的梦想一定会实现的。
2.Notonlydoessheattachimportancetoreading,butalsoshesparesatleast20minuteseverydaytoread.(notonly...butalso...)
她不仅强调阅读的重要性,而且她每天至少抽出20分钟来阅读。
3.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities,wheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.(非限制性定语从句)
学生应该参与社区活动,他们可以从中获得成长的经验。
4.Thatdependsonhowyoudealwiththeproblem.(介词+宾语从句)
那取决于你如何处理这个问题。
1.聚焦“赞成”与“反对”
(1)approvev.赞成;批准
(2)favourv.&n.赞成
(3)supportv.&n.支持
(4)agreev.同意;赞成
(5)opposev.反对
(6)objectv.反对
2.“评价”面面观
(1)assessvt.评价;评定
(2)valuev.评价;重视
(3)evaluatev.评价;估价
(4)estimatev.估计;评价
3.“记住”这些短语
(1)keepinmind
(2)bearinmind
(3)haveinmind
(4)learnbyheart
(5)committomemory
4.含身体器官的短语荟萃
(1)haveanosefor对……敏感
(2)haveaneyefor对……有识别力
(3)turnadeafearto对……充耳不闻
(4)turnablindeyeto对……视而不见
(1)informsb.of/aboutsth.通知某人某事
informsb.that...通知某人……
(2)informedadj.消息灵通的;见多识广的
keepsb.informedof/about...随时通知某人……;使某人知道……
(1)OnMarch19,Dennisgotagrouptextinforming(inform)himthatacouplehedidn’tknowwereatthehospital,waitingforthearrivalofababy.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
(2)Hehasbeeninformed(inform)thathedoesn’tqualifyforthescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.(2017·江苏)
(3)ItwasconsiderateofMichaeltoinformusof/about(通知我们……)hisdelayincasewegotworried.
[同义句改写]
(4)Heinformedthecompanyoftheship’ssafearrival.(改为复合句)
→Heinformedthecompanythattheshiphadarrivedsafely.
易错点拨 inform后不接双宾语,也不用于informsth.tosb.。
要表示“告诉某人某事”,通常用informsb.of/aboutsth.。
inform的宾语通常只能是人,所以当后接从句时,其前的sb.不能省略。
incase以防万一
incaseof万一……,如果发生……
inanycase无论如何;总之
innocase决不置于句首,引起部分倒装
asisoftenthecase这是常有的事
(1)Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.
(2)Thereisnosimpleanswer,asisoftenthecaseinscience.
(3)Innocaseshouldyou(你决不应该)giveup.
(4)[一句多译] 带上雨衣以防下雨。
①Takeyourraincoatincaseofrain.(incaseof)
②Takeyourraincoatincaseitrains/(should)rain.(incase)
易错点拨
(1)当case作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时,要用where引导定语从句。
(2)incase可用作副词(常置于句末),也可用作连词,引导目的状语从句,且从句可用虚拟语气(should)do,也可不用虚拟语气。
(1)accusesb.of...=chargesb.with...指责某人……;控告某人……
(2)theaccused被告
(3)accusationn.指控;控告;指责
(1)Theaccused(accuse)wasfoundinnocent.
(2)Sheaccusedmeof/chargedmewith(指控我……)neglectingmyduty.
[句式升级]
(3)Becausemyfatherwasaccusedofneglectingoureducation,hesentmybrotherandmetoasummerschool.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Accusedofneglectingoureducation,myfathersentmybrotherandmetoasummerschool.
demandvi.&vt.强烈要求;需要
n.要求,需求
(1)demand(ofsb.)todo...要求(某人)做……
demandthat...(should)do...要求……
(2)indemand非常需要的;受欢迎的
ondemand按需;一经要求
meet/satisfyone’sdemand(s)满足某人的要求
(3)demandingadj.苛求的;要求高的;吃力的
(1)Hefoundhecouldnolongercopewiththisdemanding(demand)job.
(2)Shedemandedthathe(should)return(return)thebooksheborrowedfromher.
(3)Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket,you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand(按需).(2018·天津)
(4)It’simpossibletomeet/satisfyeveryone’sdemand(s)(满足每个人的需求).
易错点拨 demand作动词时,后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语,但不可跟sb.todo结构;后接that从句时,从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”;作名词后跟表语从句或同位语从句时,从句中也用虚拟语气。
(1)approvesth.批准某事
approveof赞成;同意
(2)approvaln.赞成;同意;批准
getone’sapproval得到某人的同意
giveapprovalto同意;批准
(1)Whilescientistsworktogettheirplanapproved(approve),peopleinVenicelivetheirnormallife.(2018·四川广安二模)
(2)Iwouldappreciateitifmyapplicationcouldgetyourapproval(得到你的同意).
(3)[一句多译] 她不同意女儿晚上出去。
①Shedidn’tapproveofherdaughtergoingoutatnight.(approve)
②Shedidn’tgiveapprovaltoherdaughtergoingoutatnight.(approval)
③Shedidn’tagreethatherdaughterwentoutatnight.(agree)
易错点拨 approve表示“赞成;同意”时,是不及物动词,不要将汉语的“赞成某人做某事”直译成approvesb.todo...或在其后跟that从句,而应用approveofsb./sb.’sdoingsth.。
(1)concentrateon(doing)sth.专心(做)某事
concentrateone’smind/attentionon集中注意力于;致力于;专心于
(2)concentratedadj.浓缩的;密集的
concentrationn.集中;专心
(1)Becausetheplaceswherewildlifeisaccessiblearefewinnumber,touristtrafficcanbecomeconcentrated(concentrate)inspecificareas,puttingArcticvegetationatrisk.(2018·安徽六安模拟)
(2)Withhisattentionconcentrated(concentrate)onhisstudy,hedidn’tnoticemecomingin.
(3)Wemustconcentrateourmind/attentionon(致力于)improvingeducation.
(1)dependon/uponsb.todo/doing...依靠某人做……
dependon/uponsb.forsth.依靠某人提供……
dependon/uponitthat...指望……;相信……
(2)It/That(all)depends.视情况而定。
(1)Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,depending(depend)ontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(2)Thereisnodoubtthatitisunwisetodependcompletelyon/upon(完全依赖)theratingsinconsumption.(2018·江苏)
(3)[一句多译] 你可以指望他来帮你。
①Youcandependon/uponhimtohelpyou.
②Youcandependon/uponhimhelpingyou.
③Youcandependon/uponitthathewillhelpyou.
易错点拨 因为介词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句,故dependon/upon后跟that从句时,先在介词后接it,再跟that从句,即dependon/uponitthat...。
NeverwillZhouYangZYforgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.
周阳永远不会忘记他在一家知名的英语报社上班的第一项工作任务。
否定词置于句首,要用部分倒装语序,即把谓语动词的一部分助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语之前。
这类否定词或含有否定意义的短语主要有:
no,not,never,little,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,notuntil,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,nosooner...than...,hardly...when...,innosense,innoway,innocase,bynomeans,onnoaccount/consideration,atnotime,undernocircumstances等。
[句式升级] 把下列句子改为倒装句
(1)Shedoesn’tfrequentlygodowntown.
Notfrequentlydoesshegodowntown.
(2)Iknewlittlethatshehadalreadyleft.
LittledidIknowthatshehadalreadyleft.
(3)The
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