全国职称英语等级考试卫生类A级参考答案及解析.docx
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全国职称英语等级考试卫生类A级参考答案及解析.docx
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全国职称英语等级考试卫生类A级参考答案及解析
2015年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类(A级)试题
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.DifferenthypothesishavebeenputforwardtoexplainwhyUFOsexist.
A.sentenceB.commentsC.conclusionsD.Theories
2.Sheisalovelygraciouswoman.
A.courteousB.curiousC.quietD.shy
3.Shehuggedmelikeanoldfriendandinvitedmetodinnerthenextday.
A.embracedB.heldC.kissedD.patted
4.Itwasunfortunatethatshehaderasedthemessage.
A.heardofB.lookedofC.spokenofD.rubbedout
5.Henevergrumbledaboutworkingovertime.
A.talkedB.wroteC.spokeD.complained
6.Tostartwith,weneedtodecidewhowillpresideoverthemeeting.
A.chairB.attendC.celebrateD.prepare
7.Imustapologizeformyoutrageousbehavior.
A.courageousB.greedyC.angryD.glorious
8.Ithinkshemadeablunderbyannouncingitaheadoftime.
A.decisionB.mistakeC.promiseD.plan
9.Hecamebackhome,wearyandfatigued.
A.scaredB.worriedC.exhaustedD.frightened
10.Ihavetoapologizeformyabruptdepartureyesterday.
A.lateB.unfriendlyC.suddenlyD.unfold
11.HewasobsessedwithAmericanhorrormovies.
A.keptthinkingaboutB.tookadvantageof
C.paidnoattentiontoD.carednothingabout
12.Youaccusationiswhollywithoutfoundation.
A.almostB.probablyC.cpmpletelyD.evidently
13.Myroomisreallyverycosy..
A.coolB.comfortableC.coldD.clean
14.Someastronomercontendthattheuniversemaybeyoungerthanpreviouslybelieved.
A.predictB.argueC.thinkD.suggest
15.Thewomanlivingnextdoorisextremelyslender.
A.tallB.weakC.slimD.pale
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题l分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
One-thirdofparentslackfactsaboutchilddevelopment
One-thirdofparentsofbabieshaveasurprisinglylowknowledgeofchilddevelopment,includingbasicconceptsaboutwhattheirchildrenshouldknoworhowtheyshouldact,anewstudyfinds.
Forinstance,thestudyfoundthatmanyparentsdon'tknowthat1-year-oldscan'ttellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong,andoftendon'tcooperateorsharewhenplayingwithotherchildren.
Theresultsaresurprisingbecausetheparentswhotookpartinthesurveyhadyoungchildren,saidleadauthorDr.HeatherParadis,apediatricfellowattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter,inNewYork."Theywerewatchingorhadjustwatchedtheirkidsgothroughthisdevelopment,andtheywereprobablythemostknowledgeableofanybody."
Paradisandhercolleaguesexaminedtheresultsofasurveyofparents--98.6percentofwhomweremothers--ofmorethan10,0009-month-oldbabies.Aspartofthesurvey,theparentswereasked11questionsdesignedtotesttheirknowledgeofababy'sdevelopment.
Theresearchersalsoexaminedwhattheparentssaidabouttheirinteractionswiththeirchildren,andwatchedvideotapesofhowtheparentstaughtnewthingstotheirkids.
One-thirdofthosesurveyedincorrectlyansweredfourormoreofthequestions.Evenwhentheresearchersadjustedthestatisticstoaccountforsuchfactorsaseducationlevelsandincome,thoseparentswerestilllesslikelytoenjoy"healthyinteractions"withtheirchildren.
Alackofproperunderstandingofachild'sdevelopmentcancauseassortedproblems,Paradissaid.Forexample,shesaid,amothermightexpectan18-month-oldchildtositstillforadoctor'sappointment,eventhoughchildrenthatagearenormallycuriousandliketowanderaround.
"Amomcouldmisinterpretachild'snormalcuriosityasintentionallybeingdefiant,andcouldrespondwithharshdiscipline,withdrawalofaffectionandrepetitionofthatpatternovertime,"Paradissaid."Thatcouldhinderthechild'spotentialforfullgrowthanddevelopment."
ThefindingsweretobepresentedSundayatthePediatricAcademicSocieties'meetinginHonolulu.
Onesolution,Paradissaid,isforpediatricianstotakeamoreactiveroleineducatingnewparents."Byimprovingknowledgeofchilddevelopmentamongallparents,notjustthosewhoareathighestrisk,there'sanopportunitytoenhanceparent-childinteraction,"shesaid."Itcanultimatelyleadtobetterparenting."
16.Amajorityofparentsofbabiesknowlittleaboutchilddevelopment.
A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned
17.Babiesofoneyearoldhavenosenseofrightorwrong.
A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned
18.Theparentssurveyedwereasked11questionsonchilddevelopment.
A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned
19.MostAmericanfamiliesarenuclearratherthanextendedones.
A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned
20.Mostmotherswithyoungchildrenprefertostayathome.
A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned
21.Childrenofoneandahalfyearsoldliketositstill.
A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned
22.Parent-childinteractioncaninnowaybeimproved.
A.RightB.wrongC.Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
EbolaOutbreak
1.YouarelikelyawarethatseveralcountriesinWestAfricaarebattinganEbolaOutbreak.Ebolaisadangerousandoftenlethalviralinfection.Scientistsbelievethathumanscontractedthevirusbyeatingthemeatofrareanimals.Itisnowbelievedthatbatsaretheprimarycarriersofthevirus.
2.Todate,thereareonlythreemajorcountriesinWestAfricaexperiencingamajoroutbreak:
SierraLeone,LiberiaandGuinea.However,othercountriessuchasNigeriahavereportedconfirmedcasesofEbolawithintheirborders.
3.UnlessyourecentlyvisitedoneofthethreeaffectedWestcountries,yourriskofcontractingthevirusisvirtuallyzero.UnlikeotherrecentairbornevirusoutbreakslikeSARS,theEbolaviruscanonlybespreadthroughdirectcontactwithaninfectedperson.Specifically,Ebolaisspreadthroughcontactwithbodyfluids.Though,thevirusistransmittable,onlyaninfectedpersonexhibitingsymptomsiscommunicable.
4.ThesignsandsymptomsofEbolaarenon-specificandpatientstypicallyexhibitthemafteraweekofcontractingthevirus.Symptomsmayappearasearlyastwodaysoraslateasthreeweeksafterinitialinfection.Symptomsincludedisgust,weaknessandstomachpain.Moreuncommonsymptomsincludechestpain,bleedingandsorethroat.
5.Ebolaisdevastatingbecauseofitsabilitytoattackandreplicateineveryorganofthebody.Thiscausesanoverstimulationofthebody'sinflammatoryresponse,causingtheflu-likesymptoms.Thevirusalsocausesbleedingandimpairsthebody'snormalclottingmechanism(凝血机制),makingbleedingevenmoresevere.Lossofbloodvolumeanddecreasedorganperfusion(器官灌注),ultimatelyleadtoorganfailureanddeath.
6.Thecurrentoutbreakisthedeadliestviraloutbreakinover35years.Whilediseasessuchasthemalaria(疟疾)arefarmorecommunicable,Ebolaisoneoftheworld'smostfatalviralinfections.Ebola'sfatalityrateexceedsthatofSARS.
A.AmIatriskofcontractingthevirus?
B.Isthecurrentoutbreakthedeadlines?
C.HowdoIknowifIhavecontractedthevirus?
D.Whatareasarecurrentlyaffected?
E.WhatexactlydoesEboladotothebody?
F.WhatcausedtheEbolaoutbreak?
23paragraph2_______
24paragraph3_______
25paragraph4_______
26paragraph5_______
27TheinitialEbolaoutbreakwasfoundin_______.
28ThedifferencebetweenSARSandEbolavirusesliesin_______.
29Thesymptomsofthepatientsafterbeinginfectedmayfirstappear_______
30TheEbolavirustransmitsbycontactwith_______.
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31—45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇EarBreakthrough
NewresearchpublishedinthejournalCurrentBiologyhasaddedsignificantlytounderstandingofhowtheearworks,givinghopetomillionsofdeafandhardofhearingpeople.
Thelatestresearch,conductedbyDr.JorgT.Albet,aDeafnessResearchUKresearchfellowattheUCLEarInstitute,togetherwithscientistsattheUniversityofCologne,showsthatfruitflieshaveearswhichmechanicallyamplifysoundsignalsinaremarkablysimilarwaytothesensory(感觉的)cellsfoundintheinnerearofvertebrates(脊椎动物)includinghumans.Thefindingmeansthatthewealthofgenetictechniquesalreadyavailabletostudythefruitflycannowbeusedtotargethowtheearworks.
Dr.Albertsays."Thebiophysicalparallelsbetweenthewaysbothfruitfliesandhumansconvertsoundintonervesignalsaretrulyamazing.Wemaybeallowedtohopethatthesemechanistic(机械学的)similaritiesextendfurtherdowntothegenesandmoleculesthatbringabouthearing.Butevenifitfinallyshouldturnoutthathearinginfruitfliesreliesondifferentmoleculesthandoeshearinginhumans,thelittlefruitflycanhelpusfindanswerstosomekeyquestionsofhearingresearchand–whatissometimesevenmoreimportant-willsurelyhelpusasktherightquestions."
TheworkiswelcomedbyDeafnessResearchUK,thecountry’sonlymedicalresearchcharityfordeafpeople.VivienneMichael,chiefexecutiveofDeafnessResearchUK.says,"Thisisanimportantadvancethatpavesthewaytowardaclearunderstandingofthegeneticsofdeafness.
Thecharitywillcontinuetosupportculling-edge(尖端的)researchthroughitsFellowshipprogrammeattheUCI.EarinstituteandatothertopresearchcentresintheUKtoachieveourgoalofsecuringaudicalimprovementsintheprevention,diagnosisandtreatmentofallformsofhearingimpairment"
ThereareninemilliondeafandhardofhearingpeopleintheUKandinmostcasesdeafnessresultsfromlossofsensorycellsintheinnerearknownas"hair",cells.Thecellscanbeimagesandlostthroughageing,noise,geneticdefectsandcertaindrugsand,becausethecellsdon’tregenerate,theresultisprogress
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