综英第3册unit5练习答案.docx

综英第3册unit5练习答案.docx

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综英第3册unit5练习答案

Unit5

TextComprehension

I.C

II.TTTFF

III.1.RefertoPara.2-5.ProfessorDePaulo’sstudysuggeststhatlyingisacommonphenomenonandmostofthelieswetellaresmallandinsignificant.Meanwhile,asshepointsout,itiscommonthatpeopletakelieslightly:

theirlieshavecausedthemlittlepreoccupationorregret.

2.RefertoPara.3.Accordingtothepassage,thepurposeoftellingliesorwhiteliesvaries:

womentellliesaccordingtotheprincipleofcaring,ortospareother’sfeelings,andmentellliesbasicallyforutilitarianself-promotingpurposes.

3.RefertoPara.7-10.ThestoryofTomsupportstheargumentthatlittlewhiteliesareubiquitous,andpeoplehavetakensuchliesforgranted,believingthattheyarewell-intended.WhenheconsultedwithMichaelJosephson,thereplyisverynegative:

hismother-in-;awmayfeelhurtwhenshediscoversthedeceitsomeday.Orevenworse,shemayquestion:

“Andwhatelsehaveyouliedtomeabout?

”Inshort,suchwhiteliesmayproducemistrustamongpeople.

4.RefertoPara.12-15.Theconsequencesoflyingarethree-fold:

thedeceivedmayfeelcheatedandwon’ttrusttheliaranymore;theliarwilllosetrustandgetentangledinthelieshefabricates;and,ifliesproliferateendlessly,societyasawholewouldfalterandcollapseastrustisdamagedordestroyed.

5.RefertoPara.16.Notallwhiteliesareunacceptable.Somefalsehoodslikesettingsomebodyupforasurprisepartyortellingchildrenaboutthetoothfairycanbejustified.However,youhavetoconsidertheattitudeofthedeceivedtowardslyingandtheconsequences,i.e.whetheryouractwillunderminehistrustinyou.

.1.Whenwestarttotellalie,wehaveenteredaveryintricatesituation,asalieoftenrequiresotherliesuntilthewholestructureofliesbecomessocomplexthatitensnarestheliar.

2.Oneislessinhibitedfromlying;hisabilitytomakemoralrightandwrongjudgmentsisdulled,andhemaybecomelesscautiousagainstbeingcaught.

3.Themostunderstandableandacceptableliesarethosewhicharetoldforthesakeofloveandcareattheexpenseoftrust,accordingtotheethicists.

Vocabulary（Pp.83-84）

I.1.earth-shatteringveryimportant/shocking/traumatic

2.sparetheother’sfeelingsavoidhurtingtheother’sfeelings/avoiddoingsomethingthatwouldupsettheotherperson

3.shapingorspinningthetruthtellingthetruthwithafavorableemphasisorslant/modifyingthetruth

4.aslipperyslopeacourseofactionwhichcaneasilyleadtosomethingunacceptable,wrong,ordisastrous

5.atallcosts/atanycostunderanycircumstances/whatevermighthappen

II.1.supportive2.perceived3.prevarication4.astounded

5.undermine6.faltered7.fibs8.volunteered

III.（WordDerivation）

1）unethical

ethicn.→ethicala.→unethicala.

伦理学是哲学的分科。

Ethicsisabranchofphilosophy.

他的行为不太道德。

Hisbehaviourhasnotbeenstrictlyethical.

2）feigned

feignv.→feigneda.

有些动物遇到危险时便装死。

Someanimalsfeigndeathwhenindanger.

他大发雷霆，不知是真的还是假的。

Hewasconsumingwithindignation,realorfeigned.

3）unsparing

sparev.→sparinga.→unsparinga.→unsparinglyad.

他们把男人都杀了，但放过了孩子。

Theykilledthemenbutsparedthechildren.

尼任斯基对演技精益求精一丝不苟。

Nijinskywasunsparinginhisdemandsforperfection.

他强迫自己拼命干。

Hedrovehimselfunsparingly.

4）cynical

cynicismn.→cynicn.→cynicala.

他的话带着强烈的讽刺。

Hisremarkhasafineedgeofcynicism.

罗伯特是一个地道的怀疑主义者，他不会不假思索就相信任何事或任何人。

Robertsisarealcynic;hewon'tacceptanythingoranyoneatfacevalue.

他们逐渐感到所谓民主制度也不过尔尔。

They’vegrownrathercynicalaboutdemocracy.

5）confoundedly

confoundv.→confoundeda.→confoundedlyad.

他的所作所为让她感到既惊愕又困惑。

Hisbehaviouramazedandconfoundedher.

你真讨厌死了！

You’reaconfoundednuisance!

天气太热了。

It’sconfoundedlyhot.

6）lubricated

lubricatev.→lubricantn.

我需要润润嗓子。

Mythroatneedslubricating.

我们使用哪种润滑剂，主要取决于轴承的转速如何。

Thesortoflubricantwhichweusedependslargelyontherunningspeedofthebearing.

7）entangled

tanglev.→tanglen.→entanglev.

她的头发让带刺的铁网缠住了。

Herhairgotalltangledupinthebarbedwirefence.

他的财务状况是一笔糊涂帐。

Hisfinancialaffairsareinsuchatangle.

她的长发让玫瑰丛给钩住了。

Herlonghairentangleditselfintherosebush.

8）Willful

willn.→willfula.

我被迫违心地在协议上签了字。

Iwasforcedtosigntheagreementagainstmywill.

只要人有恒，万事皆可成。

Awillfulmanmusthavehisway.

.（PhrasePractice）

1）Thegovernoristryinghardto________thescandal.coverup

coverup:

putsth.oversth.elsesothatitcannotbeseen;preventpeoplefromdiscoveringmistakesorunpleasantfacts

e.g.他忘了把机器盖起来。

Hehadforgottentohavethemachinecoveredup.

你怎么能掩盖自己的错误呢？

Howcanyoucoverupyourmistake?

2）Samanthawasamazedwhenlateoneevening,Adam_______thathelovedher.blurtedout

blurtout:

saysth.suddenlyandtactlessly

e.g.我还没来得及阻止，他已冲口说出了这个坏消息。

HeblurtedoutthebadnewsbeforeIcouldstophim.

3）Heclaimedthathehadbeen________afterdrugswerediscoveredinhissuitcase.setup

setup:

makesb.feelhealthyandfullofenergy

 e.g.你喝杯热饮料马上就精神了。

Ahotdrinkwillsoonsetyouup.

4）Didyouever________whythemandesertedhiswifeandfourchildren?

findout

findout:

getinformation,aftertryingtodiscoveritbyeffortorbychance

e.g.弄清楚合同的条件是什么。

Findoutwhattheconditionsofthecontractare.

5）Windandwaterslowly________themountain’sjaggededges.weardown

weardown:

reduceorbecomeweakeruntiluseless

e.g.这一策略旨在逐步削弱敌人的抵抗力。

Thestrategywasdesignedtoweardowntheenemy'sresistance.

6）Theyaregoingtoarestaurantwhich________Mexicanfood.specializesin

specializein:

giveparticularattentionto（asubject,product,etc.）

e.g.其实我们专营此项产品已有多年历史。

Infact,wespecializeinthisinwithalonghistory.

7）Amodestscholarnever________haveexhaustedhissubject.professesto

professto:

claim（sth.）,oftenfalsely

e.g.我并不自诩是这一问题的专家。

Idon'tprofesstobeanexpertinthissubject.

8）Thepress________them________theirbreakthroughsintheresearchintothecausesofcancer.complimentedon

compliment…on…:

expressofpraise,admiration,approval,etc.

e.g.我们大家都夸他勇敢。

Weallcomplimentedhimonhiscourage.

.Synonym/Antonym

1.Butthereisevidencethatthisattitudetowardscasualuseofprevaricationiscommon.

●Synonyms:

evasion,equivocation

2.Ninety-twopercentoftheteenagersadmittedhavingliedtotheirparentsinthepreviousyear,andseventy-threepercentcharacterizedthemselvesas“serialliars,”meaningtheytoldliesweekly.

●Synonyms:

chronic,repeated

3.Littlewhitelieshavebecomeubiquitous,andthereasonswegiveeachotherfortellingfibsarefamiliar.

●Synonyms:

common,prevalent,omnipresent

4.Tomdislikesher“special”pumpkinpieintensely.

●Antonym:

slightly

5.Howoftendowecomplimentpeopleonhowwelltheylook,orexpressourappreciationforgifts,whenwedon'treallymeanit?

●Antonyms:

insult,reproach,criticize

6.“Psychologicalbarriersweardown;theabilitytomakemoredistinctionscancoarsen;theliar'sperceptionofhischancesofbeingcaughtmaywarp.”

●Synonym:

distort

7.Still,theendlessproliferationoftheselittleprevaricationsdoesmatter.

●Synonyms:

growth,multiplication

8.Orwillhefeelhislong-termtrustinyouhasbeenundermined?

●Antonyms:

strengthened,consolidated

I.1.calledoffcancelled2.getoverovercome3.abidebyfollow

4.wasreducedtofellinto5.dressitupmakeitmoreacceptable

6.broodoverfeelunhappyabout7.ruledoutremovedfromconsideration

8.set…byreserveforfutureuse

Pp.85-87语法练习答案：

I.1.probability2.possibility3.intention4.possibility

5.necessity6.possibility7.obligation8.probability

II.1-5CCBAD6-10BDBAA

III.1.Hecan’thavetolduseverything2.Somethingmusthavegonewrong.

3.Shecan’tbeonlythirtyyearsold.4.Theymaynotknowyet.

5.Theroadcould/mayhavebeenclosed.6.Thepolicemustknowthat.

7.Theremay/couldhavebeenatrafficjam.（Wedon’tuse“can+havedone”inapositivestatement）

8.Thelettercould/mayarrivetoday.

9.Thatwill/mustbemymother.10.Thereshouldbetimetodosomeshopping.

.1.Whenindoubt,tellthetruth.Itwillconfoundyourenemiesandastoundyourfriends.

1.Whenheated,metalexpands.

2.Iftrue,itwillcauseusalotoftrouble.

3.Wheneverpossible,theyshouldbetyped.

4.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.

5.Sendthegoodsnow,ifready.

6.Ifnecessary,ringmeathome.

7.Heglancedaboutasifinsearchofsomething.

.1.discussing;havingreached2.paying3.Lying;sitting

4.topacify;tobepacified;grumbling5.repeat;tomake;todo

6.going;stay7.tosee;toavoid;hitting8.toarrive;rising

9.doing10.tomake;tosee

I.1.accordingto“根据……；按照……”

e.g.You’reallputintodifferentgroupsaccordingtoyourability.

Accordingtomydictionary,thereareseveralmeaningsforthatword.

2.whether…ornot“是否”

e.g.Whetheryoulikeornot,it’sgoingtohappen.

Theywillleavewhetheryouagreeornot.

Translation（P.88）

I.1.十分惊人的是，这些无数次说谎的人称，说谎并没有使他们十分纠结或后悔。

2.尽管承认说谎，91%的反馈者称“对自己的道德和性格还是感到满意”。

3.毫无疑问，这些“好心的谎话”是无害的、善意的，也是一种社交必需的润滑剂。

4.如果你没有把握，马克·吐温给了我们一条经验法则：

拿不准的时候，就说实话，实话会迷惑敌人，震惊朋友。

II.

1．当哈姆雷特拿不定主意该采取什么行动时，他就装疯。

（feign）

Explanation:

Ifsomeonefeignsaparticularfeeling,attitude,orphysicalcondition,theytrytomakeotherpeoplethinkthattheyhaveitorareexperiencingit,althoughthisisnottrue.

Translation:

Hamletfeignedmadnesswhenhewashesitatingwhattodo.

Practice:

装病﹑装疯﹑佯作无知

feignillness,madness,ignorance

2.搪塞推诿是这生意人的惯用伎俩。

（prevarication）

Translation:

Prevaricationisoneofthetechniquesthisbusinessmanlikestoemploy.

3.真理之光有