汽车英语.docx
- 文档编号:30390436
- 上传时间:2023-08-14
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:81
- 大小:291.91KB
汽车英语.docx
《汽车英语.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《汽车英语.docx(81页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
汽车英语
Unit1StructureofAutomobile
Thecarisoneofthemostfascinatingdevicesthatapersoncanown.Carsarealsooneof
themostpervasivedevices,withatypicalAmericanfamilyowningtwocars.
Acarcontainsdozensofdifferenttechnologies.Everythingfromtheenginetothetiresisits
ownspecialuniverseofdesignandengineering.Butanyautomobilesaremadeupoffourbasic
sections:
engine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.
Theautomobileengineisaninternalcombustionenginewhichconvertstheheatenergyof
fuelintomechanicalenergytomakethecarmove.Intheinternalcombustionengine,combustible
mixtureiscompressedandthenburnedinsidetheenginecylinders.Theburningofair-fuel
mixtureproduceshighpressurewhichforcespistontomovedownward.Themovementis
transmittedtothecrankshaftbytheconnectingrod.Thecrankshaftismadetorotatethen.The
rotarymotioniscarriedthroughthepowertraintothewheelssothattheyrunandthecarmoves.
Asthesourceofpower,theenginerequiresafuelsystemtosupplywithfuelorthemixture
ofairandfuel.Itplaysavitalroleinthepower-producingprocess.Supposetheengineisa
gasolineengine,thefuelsystempumpsliquidgasolinefromatankintothecarburetorwherethe
gasolinecanbemixedwithair.Themixtureisdeliveredtotheenginewhereitisburned.Ifthe
engineisEFIengine,fuelisdeliveredfromthetanktotheinjectorbymeansofanelectricfuel
pump.Thefuelinjectors,whichdirectlycontrolsfuelmeteringtotheintakemanifold,ispulsed
bytheECU.TheECUdeterminesair/fuelratiooftheengineaccordingtoenginecondition.
Theenginealsoneedsacoolingsystem,becausethecombustionoftheair-fuelmixturein
theenginecreatesaveryhightemperature(ashighas2000to2700℃).Thecoolingsystemtakes
heatawayfromtheenginebyeithercirculatingliquidcoolant(watermixedwithantifreeze)
betweentheengineandaradiator,orpassingairthroughtheradiator.Today,liquid-cooled
enginesarecommon.Itcoolsoffasitgoesthroughtheradiator.Thus,thecoolantcontinually
takesheatawayfromtheengine,whereitcoulddodamageanddeliversittotheradiator.
Theenginealsoincludesalubricatingsystem.Thepurposeofthelubricatingsystemisto
supplyallmovingpartsinsidetheenginewithlubricatingoil;theoilkeepsmovingpartsfrom
wearingexcessively.
Thefourthisastartingsystemanditspurposeistochangetheelectricalcurrentintothe
mechanicalenergytopushthecrankshaftaround.Bymeansofthis,theenginecanbestarted.
Thewaytoproduceheatenergyisdifferentbetweengasolineanddieselengines,thereis
onlyanignitionsystemingasolineengine.Theignitionsystemprovideshigh-voltageelectric
sparksthatsetfiretothechargesofair-fuelmixtureintheenginecombustionchambers.
However,theheatenergyforignitingthechargesiscreatedwithinthedieselengineby
compressingpureairtoadegreethatwillinitiatecombustionandtheninjectingthefuelatthe
righttimeinrelationtothemovementofthecrankshaft.
Achassiswhichisconsideredasasupportframeforanautobodyisusedtoassembleall
autosparepartsonit.Infact,whenpowerfromenginecontinuestobetransmittedtochassis,it
beginswithpowertrain,goesontosteering,wheelsuspension,brakesandtires.Theseindividual
componentsinteractwitheachotherclosely.Therefore,achassisitselfcanbedividedintothe
followingsystems.
Drivingsystemconnectsthetransmissionwiththedrivingaxle.Ineffect,thedrivingsystem
worksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.Thedrivingsystemconsistsofthe
clutch,transmission,universaljoint,drivingaxle,etc.
Steeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile.Itiscomposedof
thesteeringwheel,steeringcolumn,wormgearsector,steeringdroparmandworm.
Brakesystemisabalancedsetofmechanicalandhydraulicdevicesusedtoretardthe
motionofthevehiclebymeansoffriction.Itconsistsofthedrumordiscbrakeassembly,brake
leverassembly,etc.
AnAnti-lockBrakeSystem(ABS)isacomputer-controlledbrakesystemthathelpsprevent
wheellockupduringbraking.ABSsystemcanmaintaincontrolofthevehicle.Itworksby
limitingthepressuretoanywheel,whichdeceleratestoorapidly.Thisallowsmaximumstopping
forcetobeappliedwithoutbrakelockup.ASRstandsforAccelerationSlipRegulationanditis
thewayofguaranteeingthatthewheelshaveequaltractionwhenyouneedtoacceleratequickly.
Theautomobilebodywhichisregardedastheframeworkisseatedonthechassis.Its
functionisobviousforoccupantstoprovidecomfort,protectionandshelter.Theautomobile
bodyisgenerallydividedintofoursections:
thefront,theupperortop,rearandtheunderbody.
Thesesectionsarefurtherdividedintosmallunits,suchasthehood,thefenders,theroofpanels,
thedoor,theinstrumentpanel,thebumpersandtheluggagecompartment.
Theelectricalsystemisconsideredanautoelectricpowersourcesupplieslightingpower
fortheautomobile.Theelectricalsystemcontainsbattery,lights,generator,engineignition,
lightingcircuit,andvariousswitchesthatcontroltheiruse.
Withtherapiddevelopmentofautomobileindustry,thenewmodelsofautomobilesare
becomingbetterandbetterindesignandperformance.Whenautomobilesareverypopularwith
people,manynegativeproblemscorrespondingtothefactshavetobeconsideredbyscientists,
suchasenergycrisis,airpollutionandtrafficjam.Soscientistsandautomanufacturersaredoing
theirbesttoimprovefueleconomy,controlexhaustemissions;thegovernmentsaretakingactive
measurestoresolvetrafficproblemsatthesametime.
PhrasesandExpressions
1.electricalsystem电气系统
2.internalcombustionengine内燃机
3.combustiblemixture可燃混合物
4.connectingrod连杆
5.EFIengine电喷发动机
6.fuelinjector喷油器
7.intakemanifold进气歧管
8.ECU电子控制单元
9.air/fuelratio空燃比
10.coolingsystem制冷系统
11.lubricatingsystem润滑系统
12.lubricatingoil润滑油
13.electricalcurrent电流
14.startingsystem起动系统
15.ignitionsystem点火系统
16.autosparepart汽车零部件
17.powertrain传动系统
18.drivingsystem传动系统
19.universaljoint万向节
20.drivingaxle驱动桥,传动轴
21.steeringsystem转向系统
22.steeringwheel方向盘
23.steeringcolumn转向柱
24.wormgearsector扇形轮
25.steeringdroparm转向垂臂
26.brakeleverassembly制动杆总成
27.Anti-lockBrakeSystem(ABS)制动防抱系统
28.accelerationslipregulation(ASR)驱动防滑转系统
29.roofpanel(车身)顶板
30.lightingcircuit照明电路
31.trafficjam交通堵塞
32.fueleconomy燃油经济性
33.exhaustemission尾气排放污染物
TheFutureofAutoDevelopment
Theautomotiveindustryhasfacedconsiderablechallengesoverthelastcoupleofyears
suchasovercapacity,ultra-competitivemarkets,fluctuatingcommodityprice,risingpensioncost.
It'sgottentothepointthatsomeindustryobservershavedubbedthecurrentsituationthePerfect
Storm.
Toweatherthisstorm,automakerswillhavetoincreasetheinnovationandreduceprices.
Sotherewillbesignificantchangeinthedesigncontentforautomobilesoverthenextdecade.
Thebiggestchangewillbeinelectronicsor"mechatronics"asitisknownintheindustry.
Beginninginthe1990s,electronicsinautomobileshaveincreasedsteadily.Thistrendshould
continue,withelectronicsgoingfrom22%oftotalcarvaluein2002toaforecasted35%by
2015.Andgrowthinelectronicsshouldrevolvearoundconvenience,safety,andenvironmental
requirements.
Similarly,softwarewillplayanexpandingroleinautodesign,withtheamountofmoney
spentonsoftwarealmostdoublingbetween2002and2015.Theinterior,powertrain,andchassis
willcontributemosttothisgrowthinsoftwarevalue.
Theintroductionofsoftware-controlledelectronicswillalsospurthegrowthofin-vehicle
networksandsubsysteminterdependencies.Furthermore,OEMwillrelyincreasinglyon
supplierssuchasDelphiandBosch,whoseshareofproductdevelopmentisforecastedto
increaseto70%by2015.
FutureAutoDevelopment
PTChasconductedajointstudywiththecenterforautomotiveresearch,whichlooksat
productdevelopmentintheautoindustry.Althoughthefinalstudywon'tbeavailableuntillater
thisyear,majorconclusionsarealreadyknown.Forexample:
Autocompaniesallovertheworldtakeroughlythesameamountoftimetodevelopanew
platform,about24months.Innovationwillincreasinglycomefromsuppliers.Math-baseddesign,
analysis,andCADwillbecomeevenmoreimportant.DFMA,alongwithdesignfordurability
andreliability,willremainthemostimportantdesigncriteria.Withelectronics,successdepends
onengineersandITdepartmentshavingacompany-wideviewandclosercoordinationon
systemcomponents.Engineerswillneedtoknowtheentirelifecycleofaproduct,from
plannintoaftermarketsupportanddisposal.
AnExampleOfComplexityTakingalookatthedesignanddevelopmentofawiring
harnesswilldemonstratethecomplexityofsuchlife-cycleapproachacrosselectronic,mechanical,
andsoftwaredesign.
Systemsdefinition:
Thisincludestranslatingvehicleelectricalspecificationsintorequired
connectionsineachsystem;breakingdownthesystemlogicallybyfunction;creatingblock
diagramsofdesigns,andselectingtherightcomponentsandconnectors.
Topologydevelopment:
Thisincludestranslatingaconceptualmodelintoanimplemental
topology,componentplacementinvehicle,partitioningthevehiclefortheharness,andplacing
interconnectsbasedonphysicalconstraints
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 汽车 英语