英语速记符号完整版用于听力和笔记之欧阳化创编.docx
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英语速记符号完整版用于听力和笔记之欧阳化创编.docx
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英语速记符号完整版用于听力和笔记之欧阳化创编
1.Note-takingsymbolsandabbreviationsforyourreference:
AbbreviationsinNotetakingUseonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime. Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.S = sumf = frequency Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = department Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalism Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservative Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetition Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions Usegtorepresentingendings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimenting Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey. Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand. Leaveoutunimportantwords.Leaveoutthewordsaandthe. Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter. Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = isorequal Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.zb = German,forexampleibid = Latin,thesameworko = degreesH2O = waterMorereference:
Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:
+plus//parallelUsestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:
egexampleITdeptInformationTechnologydepartmentUKUnitedKingdomUseonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:
marmarketingcuscustomercliclientUsetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:
subjsubjectbudgbudgetindindividualTodistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:
tech'gytechnologygen'iongeneralisationdel'ydeliveryUsejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognisableabbreviation.Examples:
assocassociatedachachievementinfoinformationOmitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantstoprovidearecognisableskeletonoftheword.Examples:
bkgdbackgroundmvmtmovementprblmproblemFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyadding's.'Examples:
custscustomersfsfrequencies/sratiosUse'g'torepresent'ing'endings.Examples:
decrgdecreasingckgcheckingestblgestablishingSpellout,ratherthanabbreviateshortwords.Examples:
inbutaskeyLeaveoutunimportantverbs.Examples:
iswaswereLeaveoutunnecessaryarticles.Examples:
aantheIfaterm,phrase,ornameisinitiallywrittenoutinfullduringthetalkormeeting,initialscanbesubstitutedwhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Example:
JanuaryAdvertisingCampaignBudgetJACBUsesymbolsforcommonconnectiveortransitionwords.Examples:
@at2to4for&andw/withw/owithoutvsagainstCreateyourownsetofabbreviationsandsymbols.Youmaywishtodevelopseparatesetsofsymbolsandabbreviationsfordifferentcoursesorsubjects.OtherSymbolsandAbbreviationsasaresultof/consequencesof<--->resultingin--->and/also+equalto/sameas=followingffmostimportantly*lessthan
important,ASAP:
assoonaspossible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:
F拿掉所有元音MKT:
marketMGR:
managerMSG:
messageSTD:
standardRCV:
receiveF保留前几个字母INFOinformationINSinsuranceEXCHexchangeIoweyouIOUInsteadofI/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WKweekRMroomPLpeopleF根据发音RareTHOthoughTHRUthrough高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APTApartmentACCAccountantACDGAccordingACPTAcceptADAdvertisementADSAddressADVAdviceAMAPAsmuch/manyaspossibleAMTAmountAPVApproveASAPAssoonaspossibleBALBalanceBLDGBuildingCERTCertificateCFMConformCNCLCancelCNFConferenceCMICommissionCMPCompleteCMPECompete/competitiveCMUCommunicationCONCConcern/concerning/concernedCONDConditionCO.CompanyDEPTDepartmentDISCDiscountDPTDepartureEXCHExchangeEXPLNExplainEXTExtentFLTFlightFNTFinalFRTFreightFYRForyourreferenceGDGoodGUARGuaranteeH.O.HomeofficeINFOInformationIMPSImpossibleIMP(T)ImportantINCDIncludeINDIVIndividualINSInsuranceINTSTInterestedI/OInsteadofIOUIoweyouIVOInviewofMANUFManufactureMDLModelMEMOMemorandumMGRMangerMINMinimumMKTMarketMSGMessageNCRYNecessaryNLTNolaterthanOBSObserveOBTObtainORDOrdinaryPATPatentPCPiecePKGPackingPLPeoplePLSPleasePOSNPositionPOSS(BL)PossiblePRODProductQLTYQualityQUTYQuantityRCVReceiveREFReferenceREGLRegularREPRepresentativeRESNReservationRPTRepeatRESPONResponsibleSECSectionSITNSituationSTDStandardTELTelephoneTEMPTemporaryTGMTelegraphTHOThoughTKSThanksTRDTradeTRFTrafficTTLTotalUYouURYourWKWeekWLWillWTWeightXLExtralarge关于字母和图像二、字母、图像Z表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如:
日本人:
JZ。
C表示政府,统治:
government,govern希腊字母C读/ga:
ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern,government。
governmentalofficial可以表示为CZP表示政治:
politics,political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics,political。
那么politician就可以表示为PZE表示总数:
total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,ect. E数学符号表示总值。
G表示效率:
efficient,effective。
G为效率符号。
Q表示"通货膨胀":
inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A表示农业:
agriculture.agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。
B表示商业:
business。
C×表示冲突,矛盾:
conflict,confrontation"C×"中的"×"表示反对,字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict和confrontation。
W表示工作,职业:
work,employ等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表示employee)。
i表示工业:
industry,industrial字母i像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。
UU看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty,agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。
如果在U内填入2××××,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的),填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。
填入在U中填入1表示:
Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m(multiple)表示多边主义。
如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。
O表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等:
country,state,nation,etc.gO表示进口,Og表示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办:
chair,host,presideover。
那么在此符号上加Z表示主席,主持人:
chairman,host,etc.T表示"领导人":
leader,head那么headofgovernment,headofcompany便可以表示为CT⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:
meeting,conference,negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposiumk这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery有关的词汇。
O圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:
international,worldwide,global,universal,etc.J表示开心:
pleasant,joyful,happy,excited,etc.L表示不满、生气unsatisfied,discomfort,angry,sad,etc.EO表示听到、总所周之:
asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyouhavealreadyheardof,etc.O表示漠不关心、无动于衷:
indifferent,apathetic,unconcern,don'tcaremuch,etc.用箭头、数学符号、标点符号来表示三、箭头g表示到达、传达:
gointo,arriveat,giveto,sendto,presenttoetc.表示导致、引导:
leadto,resultin,inthedirectionof,etc.表示屈服:
submittof表示来自于:
be/comefrom,return,receivefrom,etc.表示追溯到:
come/gobackto,originateh表示上升:
up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend,etc.表示发射、投放市场、发行:
launch,open,start,etc.表示发展、加强、推进:
develop,strengthen,promote,etc表示"波折":
upsanddowns,twistsandturns,etc.四、数学符号+表示"多":
many,lotsof,agreatdealof,agoodmanyof,etc.++(+2)表示"多"的比较级:
more+3表示"多"的最高级:
most-表示"少":
little,few,lack,inshortof/beinshortageofetc.×表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念:
wrong/incorrect,somethingbad,notorious,negative,etc.>表示"多于"概念:
bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,etc.表示"高"概念:
superiorto,surpass,etc.<表示"少于"概念:
less/smaller,etc.表示"低"概念:
inferiorto,etc.=表示"同等"概念:
means,thatistosay,inotherwords,thesameas,beequalto,etc.表示"对手"概念:
amatch,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.()表示"在......之间":
among,within,etc.≠表示"不同"概念:
bedifferentfrom,etc.表示"无敌"概念:
matchless,peerless,etc.~表示"大约"概念:
about/around,orso,approximately,etc./表示"否定","消除"等概念:
crossout,eliminate,etc.五、标点等:
表示各种各样"说"的动词:
say,speak,talk,marks,announce,declare,etc.?
表示"问题":
question,issue,例如:
台湾问题:
tw?
.(dot)这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday,".y"表示lastyear,".2m"表示twomonthago。
"y"表示thisyear,"y2."twoyearlater"nextweek",可以表示为"wk."∧表示转折√表示"好的"状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.表示"同意"状态,standupfor,support,agreewithsb,certain/affirmative,etc.☆表示"重要的"状态:
important,exemplary(模范的)best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.n表示"交流"状态:
exchange,mutual,etc.& 表示"和","与":
and,togetherwith,alongwith,accompany,alongwith,furthermore,etc.∥表示"结束":
end,stop,halt,bringsthtoastandstill/stop,etc.六、较长单词的处理办法-ism 简写为 m例如:
socialismSm-tion 简简写为 n例如:
standardization(标准化) stdn-cian简简写为 o例如:
technician techo-ing简写为 g例如:
marketing(市场营销)MKTg-ed简写为 d例如:
accepted acptd-able/ible/ble简写为 bl例如:
availableavbl-ment简写为 mt例如:
amendment amdmt-ize简写为 z例如:
recognizeregz-ful简写为 fl例如:
meaningfulmnfl
时间:
2021.02.06
创作:
欧阳化
时间:
2021.02.06
创作:
欧阳化
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