人教版选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity reading课时作业1精编版.docx
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人教版选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity reading课时作业1精编版.docx
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人教版选修八Unit1Alandofdiversityreading课时作业1精编版
Unit1Alandofdiversityreading课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2019·重庆调研]Youhavejustwonfivemillionyuaninalottery(彩票)—howwouldyouspendit?
Beforeyouknowit,tenminuteshasgoneondaydreaming.Thereisatimeandaplacefordaydreaming,butwedon'thavemuchcontroloverthat.Isn'titworryingthatanestimated30to50percentofourwakingtimeisspentdaydreaming?
Whatifyourdentistishavingthatlotterydaydreamwhileremovingyourrottentooth?
Somestudiessuggestdaydreamingmakesusunhappybecausewearenotfocusingonwhatisaroundusbutareinsteadthinkingaboutthepastorfuture.However,arecentstudypublishedinthejournalNeuropsychologicafindsthatmindwanderingcanbeofbenefittous.Theresearchersmeasuredthebrainpatternsofmorethan100peopleusinganMRI(核磁共振成像)scanner.Thisdatawascomparedwithtestsoncreativeabilityandaquestionnaireonhowmuchtheirmindsusuallywandered.ThosewhosemindswanderedthemostscoredhigherincreativeabilitytestsandhadmoreefficientbrainsystemsmeasuredintheMRImachine.
Beingefficientatmindwanderingmeansyoucanzone_outandthennaturallytunebackinwithoutmissinganyimportantpointorstep.ChristineGodwin,theleadauthorofthelateststudyfromtheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,saysthatifyouarefocusingondifficulttasks,yourperformancewilldropifyourmindwanders.Butwhentasksareeasy,peoplewhohavehighcognitiveabilitycanlettheirmindswanderbecauseitdoesnotaffecttheirperformance.Youmaybethinkingaboutupcominggoalsorproblemsolving.Thesearesomeofthepositivesidestomindwandering.
Mindwanderingcanvarybetweenbeingmorepracticalormoreemotional.Whatmindwanderingseemstobebestat,researcherssay,iscomingupwithnewsolutionstooldproblems.So,it'snotalwaysawasteoftime!
体裁:
说明文 题材:
科学研究 主题:
思维漫游对人有好处
【语篇解读】 研究表明思维漫游对人的创造力发展有好处。
【难句分析】 ThosewhosemindswanderedthemostscoredhigherincreativeabilitytestsandhadmoreefficientbrainsystemsmeasuredintheMRImachine.
分析:
这是一个复合句。
whose引导定语从句,修饰Those;and连接两个并列的动作scored和had;measuredintheMRImachine为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰systems。
译文:
那些思维漫游最多的人在创造力测试中得分更高,并且在核磁共振成像机测量中拥有更加高效的大脑系统。
1.Thefirstparagraphservesasa(n)________.
A.explanation B.introduction
C.commentD.background
答案与解析:
B 考查推理判断。
通读第一段可知,本段引出了“做白日梦”这个话题,故选B项。
2.ThestudypublishedinNeuropsychologicashowsthat________.
A.daydreamingmakesusunhappy
B.wearefocusingonthepastorfuture
C.mindwanderingisrelatedtocreativeability
D.theMRIscannerishelpfulinmeasuringthebrainpatterns
答案与解析:
C 考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“However,arecentstudypublishedinthejournalNeuropsychologicafindsthatmindwanderingcanbeofbenefittous...Thosewhosemindswanderedthemostscoredhigherincreativeabilitytests”可知,《神经心理学》杂志上发表的一项研究发现,思维漫游对人们有好处,那些思维漫游最多的人在创造力测试中得分更高,故C项“思维漫游和创造力有关”符合文意。
3.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseinParagraph3mean?
A.Getdistracted.B.Focuson.
C.Beaffected.D.Havecontrol.
答案与解析:
A 考查词义猜测。
画线短语后的“andthennaturallytunebackinwithoutmissinganyimportantpointorstep”意为“然后自然地调整回来,而不遗漏任何重要的观点或步骤”,故画线词zoneout意为“getdistracted”,故选A项。
4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Mindwanderingmightbedangerous.
B.Daydreamingmightbringbenefits.
C.Mindwanderingisnotawasteoftime.
D.Daydreamingishardtobecontrolled.
答案与解析:
B 考查主旨大意。
根据第二段中的“However,arecentstudypublishedinthejournalNeuropsychologicafindsthatmindwanderingcanbeofbenefittous”可知,思维漫游对人们有好处,故选B项。
B
[2019·石家庄市重点高中高三摸底]WhenGitanjaliRaosharedhowshelikes“findingsolutionstorealproblems”,itwashardtoimaginethisdynamicgirlcouldsettleaproblemthathadescapedscientistsforyears.
Injustthreemonths,Raocameupwithadevice(装置)thatcanreplacethecostlyandlengthytestscurrentlyusedtoreliablydetermineleadlevelsinourfreshwater.Inspiredbythecurrentlitigation(诉讼)inFlint,Michigan,acaseofwaterpollutionfrom2014untilpresent,Raodesignedanewtestingsystemthatresultedinherbeingnamed“America'stopyoungscientist”for2017.
Raohadbeenfollowingthewaterproblemforabouttwoyears.Shewasamazedbythenumberofpeopleaffectedbyleadpollutioninwaterandwantedtodosomethingtochangethis.Raospentmonthstryingtoconvincelocalhighschoolsandcollegestogiveherlabtimetocontinueherexperiment.Athome,Raoworkedonherprojectinthe“scienceroom”sheaskedherparentstocreateforher.Raohascreatedadevicethatusesthreeparts:
acartridge,aBluetoothreaderandanapp.Toputitsimply,thecartridgecontainscarbonnanotubes(纳米管)thatreacttolead.ThisreactionisthenregisteredbytheBluetoothreader,whichsendsasignaltoamobileappthatcantellyouimmediatelyifyourwaterissafetodrink.
RaoappropriatelynamedthedeviceTethysandishopingtomakealittleimprovementtogetthedeviceonthemarket.Whilewemaynotbeawareofanyleadpollutionpresentinouragingpipelines,leadpoisoningcancausedelaysinphysicalandmentaldevelopment.WithRaobelievingthatthe“purposeofscienceistomakeadifference”,herincredibleinventioncouldmakeadifferencetomillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStates.
体裁:
说明文 题材:
新闻报道 主题:
一项检测水中铅水平的新发明
【语篇解读】 该文主要介绍了一个女孩发明了一款可以检测水中铅水平的装置,从而解决了一个科学家多年来忽视的问题。
【难句分析】 ThisreactionisthenregisteredbytheBluetoothreader,whichsendsasignaltoamobileappthatcantellyouimmediatelyifyourwaterissafetodrink.
分析:
本句是一个复合句。
which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词theBluetoothreader;that引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词amobileapp;if引导条件状语从句。
译文:
接下来这一反应被蓝牙阅读器所记录,然后向一个手机应用程序发送一个信号,从而可以马上告诉你,你的水是否可以安全饮用。
5.WhatdoweknowaboutRao'sdevice?
A.It'scheapandquick.
B.It'scheapandinaccurate.
C.It'sexpensiveandreliable.
D.It'sportableandtimeconsuming.
答案与解析:
A 考查推理判断。
根据第二段第一句“Injustthreemonths,Raocameupwithadevice(装置)thatcanreplacethecostlyandlengthytestscurrentlyusedtoreliablydetermineleadlevelsinourfreshwater”可推知,与以前又贵又费时的设备相比,Rao所发明的设备既便宜又省时,与第三段最后一句“ThisreactionisthenregisteredbytheBluetoothreader,whichsendsasignaltoamobileappthatcantellyouimmediatelyifyourwaterissafetodrink”相呼应,故选A。
6.WhatmadeRaohavetheideaofdesigningthedevice?
A.Herparents'suggestions.
B.Herdesireforwinningtheaward.
C.Herinterestinsettlingrealproblems.
D.ThewaterpollutionlitigationinFlint.
答案与解析:
D 考查细节理解。
根据第二段第二句“Inspiredbythecurrentlitigation(诉讼)inFlint,Michigan,acaseofwaterpollutionfrom2014untilpresent,Raodesignedanewtestingsystemthatresultedinherbeingnamed‘America'stopyoungscientist’for2017”可知,Rao设计测试水中铅水平的装置的想法是受一个水污染诉讼的启发,故选D。
7.Whatdothecarbonnanotubesfunctionas?
A.Sendingimmediatesignals.
B.Detectingthepresenceoflead.
C.Recordingthereactionresults.
D.Showingthewaterqualityresults.
答案与解析:
B 考查推理判断。
根据第三段倒数第二句“Toputitsimply,thecartridgecontainscarbonnanotubes(纳米管)thatreacttolead”可推知,这个碳纳米管是可以对铅起反应的,因此可以检测出水中是否含有铅,故选B。
8.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofRao'sinvention?
A.ItwillleadRaotomakeafortune.
B.ItwillhelpmillionsofAmericansdrinksafewater.
C.ItwillpromotethedevelopmentofscienceinAmerica.
D.Itwillsoonsettletheleadpollutedproblemthoroughly.
答案与解析:
B 考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Whilewemaynotbeawareofanyleadpollutionpresentinouragingpipelines,leadpoisoningcancausedelaysinphysicalandmentaldevelopment”“herincredibleinventioncouldmakeadifferencetomillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStates”和对本段的整体理解可推知,作者认为Rao的发明可以帮助人们快速检测出水中是否含有铅,从而可以大大提高人们饮用水的安全性,意义重大,故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
[2019·甘肃省重点中学第一次联考]Fromanearlyage,Parkeralwayssaidthathewouldbeanastronautwhenhegrewup.Butnomatterhowmuchhestudiedandtooktests,hewasnever__1__toflyinspace.__2__,hegrewoverthemaximumagefortakingtheselectiontests.Inotherwords,hewouldneverbeabletofulfillhis__3__.
Thinkingaboutallthetimeand__4__Parkerhadputintotryingtobeanastronaut,peoplefelt__5__forhim.Despitewhathewastoldabouthavingto__6__hisambition,Parkercontinuedtrainingandstudying,__7__hewasgoingtohavetheteststhenextmonth.
He__8__ashegotolder,andwhenhewasaveryoldmanheheardthattheyweredoingsomeveryimportant__9__experiments.Forthoseexperimentstheyneededavery__10__astronaut.Parker,whowalkedwitha__11__,wastheonlyoldmaninthewholeworldwhowas__12__toflyinarocket.Therefore,Parkerfoundhimselfflyingin__13__,allwiththehelpofscience.Itwasclearthatthe__14__gainedduringthosemissionshelpedtocureoneoftheworstsicknessesforoldpeople,andParkerwas__15__asahero.
Photosoftheastronautwithawalkingstickandnoteeth__16__allovertheworld,andbecamea__17__ofhowyoucannevertrainorlearntoomuch.Itshowedthat__18__effortalwaysbrings__19__eventhoughitmaynotbeintheformwehadfirst__20__.
【语篇解读】 Parker从小立志做一名宇航员,却一直未实现自己的梦想。
但他从未放弃希望,一如既往地进行飞行训练。
终于在年老时实现了自己的愿望。
1.A.noticed B.selected
C.invitedD.permitted
答案与解析:
B 根据下文中的“hegrewoverthemaximumagefortakingtheselectiontests”可知,此处指他从来没有被选(selected)去太空飞行。
2.A.SecretlyB.Suddenly
C.LuckilyD.Finally
答案与解析:
D 最后,Parker已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄。
finally“最终,终于”。
3.A.dreamB.task
C.needD.belief
答案与解析:
A 文章开头谈及Parker的梦想,因为他已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄,所以他永远也无法实现他的梦想(dream)。
4.A.reputationB.power
C.effortD.practice
答案与解析:
C 根据第一段中的“Butnomatterhowmuchhestudiedandtooktests”可知,Parker付出了很多时间和努力(effort)。
人们一想到Parker为成为宇航员所付出的时间和努力就为他感到遗憾(sorry)。
5.A.happyB.sorry
C.nervousD.calm
答案与解析:
B 参见上题解析。
6.A.ignoreB.forget
C.developD.abandon
答案与解析:
D 尽管有人告诉Parker,他不得不放弃(abandon)他的目标,但他还是继续训练和学习,好像(asif)下个月他要参加测试似的。
7.A.soth
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