江苏高三英语阅读冲刺第5练包含答案解析.docx

江苏高三英语阅读冲刺第5练包含答案解析.docx

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江苏高三英语阅读冲刺第5练包含答案解析

江苏高考冲刺系列：

阅读第五练（完+阅+任）

完形填空

WhenPaulwasaboygrowingupinUta

h,hehappenedtolivenearacoppersmelter（炼铜厂）.Thechemicalsthatpouredouthadmadeawastelandoutof41usedtobeabeautifulforest.Onedayayoungvisitorlookedatthiswastelandandcalledita（n）42area.Fromthenon,43happenedinsidePaul.

Years44,Paulwasbacktothearea,andhewenttothesmelteroffice.Heaskediftheyhadanyplansoriftheywouldlethimtryto45thetreesback.The46fromthatbigindustrywas“No”.

Paulwenttocollegetostudythescienceof47whenhewas18.48,histeacherssaidthereweren’tanybirdsorsquirrelsto49theseedsinthearea.I

twouldbeawasteofhislifetotrytodoit.Evenifhewas50ashehadexpected,hewouldn’tgethisideaaccepted.

Paulgot51andhadsomekids.Buthisdreamwouldnot52.Onenightunderthe53ofdarkness,hewentsecretlyintothe54andstartedplanting.

Andeveryweek,hemadehissecret55intothewastelandandplantedtreesandgrass.Forfifteenyearshedidthis56theplaincommonsense.Slowlyrabbitsappeared.Later,57therewaslegalpressuretocleanuptheenvironment,thecompanyactuallyhiredPaultodowhathewasalreadydoing.

Nowtheplaceisfourteenthousandacresoftrees,grassandbushes,andPaulhas58almosteveryenvironmentalawardUtahhas.It59himuntilhishairturnedwhite,buthe60tokeepthatimpossiblevowhemadetohimselfasachild.

1.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where

2.A.awfulB.lovelyC.splendidD.unique

3.A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.everything

4.A.b

eforeB.laterC.agoD.after

5.A.takeB.carryC.returnD.bring

6.A.replyB.problemC.moralD.approval

7.A.animalsB.environmentC.industryD.plants

8.A.Hopefully

B.UnfortunatelyC.SurprisinglyD.Thankfully

9.A.stealB.gatherC.spreadD.raise

10.A.knowledgeableB.comfortableC.acceptableD.reasonable

11.A.changedB.marriedC.involvedD.stuck

12.A.realizeB.dieC.appear

D.destroy

13.A.pressureB.helpC.coverD.protection

14.A.forestB.smelterC.officeD.wasteland

15.A.adventureB.decisionC.journeyD.exploration

16.A.withB.beyondC.againstD.by

17.A.thoughB.whileC.asD.if

18.A.rewardedB.receivedC.acceptedD.presented

19.A.wastedB.spentC.lastedD.took

20.A.triedB.succeededC.managedD.attempted

阅读理解

A

Exposinglivingtissuetosubfreezingtemperaturesforlongcancausepermanentdamage.Microscopicicecrystals（结晶体）cutcellsandseizemoisture（潮气）,makingdonororgansunsuitablefortransplantation.Thus,organscanbemadecoldforonlyafewhoursaheadofaprocedure.Butasetoflastingnewantifreezecompounds（化合物）—similartothosefoundinparticularlyhardy（耐寒的）animals—couldlengthenorgans’shelflife.

ScientistsattheUniversityofWarwickinEnglandwereinspiredbyproteinsinsomespeciesofArcticfish,woodfrogsandotherorganismsthatpreventbloodfromfreezing,allowingthemtoflourishinextremecold.Previousresearchhadshownthesenaturalantifreezemolecules（分子）couldpreserveratheartsat-1.3degreesCelsiusforupto24hours.Buttheseproteinsareexpensivetoextract（提取）andhighlypoisonoustosomespecies.“Foralongtimeeveryoneassumedyouhadtomakesynthetic（人造的）alternativesthatlookedexactlylikeantifreezeproteinstosolvethisproblem,”saysMatthewGibson,achemistatWarwickwhoco-authoredthenewresearch.“Butwefoundthatyoucandesignnewmoleculesthatfunctionlikeantifreezeproteinsbutdonotnecessarilylooklikethem.”

Mostnaturalantifreezemoleculeshaveamixtureofregionsthateitherattractorrepelwater.Scientistsdonotknowexactlyhowthisprocesspreventsicecrystalformation,butGibsonthinksitmightthrowwatermoleculesintopush-pullchaosthatpreventsthemfromtuningintoice.Tocopythismechanism,heandhiscolleaguessynthesizedspiral-shapedmoleculesthatweremostlywater-repellent—buthadironatomsattheircentersthatmadethemhydrophilic,orwater-loving.Theresultingcompoundsweresurprisinglyeffectiveatstoppingicecrystalsfromforming.SomewerealsoharmlesstotheroundwormCaenorhabditiselegans,indicatingtheymightbesafeforotheranimals.

“Thesecompoundsarereallycoolbecausetheyarenotproteins—theyareothertypesofmoleculesthatnonethelesscandoatleastpartofwhatnaturalantifreezeproteinsdo,”saysClaradoAmaral,abiologistatMountSt.JosephUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.Gibson’santifreezecompoundswillstillneedtobetestedinhumans,however,andmaybeonlypartofasolution.“Wedon’thavethewholepictureyet,”doAmaraladds.“It’snotjustonemagicalcompoundthathelpsfreeze-tolerantorganismssurvive.It’sawholesuiteofadaptations.

1.Whatwillhappeniforgansarekeptforalongtimeintemperaturesbelowzero?

A.Theywillhaveicecrystalformationinside.

B.Theywillnotsufferpermanentdamage.

C.Theywillhavelongershelflife.

D.Theywillbefitfortransplantation.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutnaturalantifreezeproteins?

A.TheylooklikeGibson’santifreezecompounds.

B.Theyarecomposedofantifreezemoleculesharmlesstootherspecies.

C.Theyarespiral-shapedandhaveironatomsattheircenters.

D.Theycanbefoundinorganismslivinginfreezingcoldweather.

3.Howareantifreezemoleculespreventedfromicecrystals?

A.Bycreatingcompoundsbothwater-repellentandwater-loving.

B.Byextractingtheproteinsfromsomehardyanimals.

C.Bymakingsyntheticalternativeslikeantifreezeproteins.

D.Bycopyingspiral-shapedmoleculesmostlywater-resistant.

4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Push-pullchaosmightpreventwatermoleculesfromturningintoice.

B.Thefinalsolutiontopreservingdonororganshasbeenfoundrecently.

C.ChemicalsinspiredbyArcticanimalscouldlengthenorgans’shelflife.

D.Gibson’santifreezecompoundscandowhatnaturalantifreezeproteinsdo.

任务型阅读

Everythingwedoinvolvesrisk.Inourprofessionallives,tryingtoavoidriskisitselfarisk:

worktoocautiously,andweriskmissingthechancetogrowandshine,andourcareersmaysufferforit.

Wecannotavoidriskyetweoftenavoidthinkingaboutit.Thatisashame,becauseifwethinkstrategicallyaboutrisk,wecanuseittoincreaseourchancesofcomingthroughdifficultsituationswithourgoalsintact.Ratherthanpretendingriskdoesn’texist,whynotlearntomanageittoourownbenefit?

Thefirststep:

Acknowledgetherisksyourprojectsface.Startbywritingalistofthethingsthatcangowrong.Thatmaysoundgloomy,butit’sessential.Yourlistneedtobeverythorough,andprobablynevercanbe.Buttrytoidentifycommonrisks—likethedepartureofakeycolleagueforanewjoborthefailureofanewtechniqueuponwhichyourprojectdepends.Thetypesofrisksyouidentifywilldependonthespecificsofyourwork.

Onceyouhavealistofrisks,evaluateeachoneintwoscales:

●Likelihood.Forceyourselftohonestlyassesshowlikelyeachriskis.

●Impact.Thenthinkabouthowmuchdamagecouldoccurundereachsituation.

Nowit’stimetodraftasecond,more-detailedlist.Gobackthroughyourinitiallistandconsiderhowyoumightmakeeachpotentialnegativeoutcomelesslikelytooccur,andalsohowyoumightminimizethedamagetoyourprojectifonedoeshappen.Inproject-managementterm,thisstepisknownasriskmitigation.Amitigationisanythingthatmakesarisklesslikelytospoilyouroverallgoal.

Onceyouhavedraftedyourlistofmitigations,thefinalstepistogodownthatlistandthinkaboutwhichonesare“worthit”.Lookatalltheinformationyou’vegatheredaboutyourrisksandmitigations,andmakeacallaboutwhatitmakessensetodo.Youprobablyhavemoreintuitioninthisareathanyourealize,becausemostofusinstinctivelydorisk-mitigationcalculationsinthenonworkareasofourlives.Forinstance,everytimeyoudecidewhetherornottobuyaguaranteeonanewelectronictoy,you’redoingthiscalculationinyourhead.

Youhaveprobablybeenintuitivelydoingsomesortofriskanalysisinyourworklife,too.Movingtoamoreexplicitanalysis（butonethatismorequalitativethanquantitative-unlessyouliketoplaywithnumbers）canencourageyoutoacknowledgewhenyou’remakingoverlyoptimisticassumptions.Andthisgivesyouabetterchancetomakeplansthatwillwithstandthefailureofatleastacoupleofthoseassumptions.

Bringingyourriskanalysisoutfromthefieldofintuitioncanalsohelpyouovercomeatendencytooverlyignorerisk.Itiseasiertogoaheadandtakeabigriskwhenyouknowthatyouhavemitigationsinplaceandabackupplanifthingsgowrong.

Thinkingaboutriskcanbeabigscary,butreally,ignoringriskistheriskiestbehaviorofall.

Don’tAvoidRisk-ManageIt

Passageoutline

Supportingdetails

Introduction

◆Riskis

（1）whateverwedo.

◆Riskisbeneficialtousifwecopewithitina

（2）way.

Stepstomanagerisks

◆Admittherisksandmakealistof（3）errors.Whileevaluatingthem,make（4）forlikelihoodandimpact.

◆Considerhowtoavoidthenegativeoutcometothegreatest（5）_________andpreventyourprojectfrombeing（6）________shouldithappen.

◆Takeadvantageofyourintuitiontodecidewhichrisks（7）_________youreffortbyanalyzingalltheavailableinformation.

（8）ofriskanalysis

（9）arethatyouwillmakemorerealisticassumptions.Meanwhile,abackupplanwillbemadeforyouto（10）uptofailure.

参考答案

完形填空

1.句意:

工厂所排放的化学物质使原来一片美丽的森林变成了废墟。

what引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语。

2.根据上下文中beautiful,wasteland和保