英语六级真题无听力及答案详解.docx

英语六级真题无听力及答案详解.docx

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英语六级真题无听力及答案详解

2014年12月英语六级真题及答案

　　Part I Writing 

　　Directions:

 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 180 words but no more than 200 words.

　　作文题一：

学历歧视

　　作文题二：

科技与学习

　　作文题三：

学习没有捷径

PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）

　　SectionA

　　HisfuturesubjectshavenotalwaystreatedthePrinceofWaleswiththerespectoneXXXXexpect.Theylaughedaloudin1986whentheheirtotheBritish（36）_____toldaTVreporterthathetalkedtohisplantsathiscountryhouse,Highgrove,tostimulatetheirgrowth.ThePrincewasbeinghumorous-“Mysenseofhumorwillgetmeintotroubleoneday”,hesaidtohisaids（随从）-butlisteningtoCharlesWindsorcanindeedprovestimulating.Theroyal（37）_____hasbeenpromotingradicalideasformostofhisadultlife.Someofhis（38）_____,whichoncesoundedabitweird,weresimplyaheadoftheirtime.Now,finally,theworldseemstobecatchingupwithhim.

　　Takehisviewsonfarming.PrinceCharles’DuchyHomeFarmwent（39）_____backin1986.Whenmostshopperscaredonlyaboutthelowpricetagonsuspiciouslyblemish-free（无瑕疵的）vegetablesand（40）_____largechickenspiledhighinsupermarkets.

　　Hiswarningsonclimatechangeprovedfarsighted,too.Charlesbegan（41）_____actioninwarmingin1990andsayshehasbeenworriedaboutthe（42）_____ofmanontheenvironmentsamebewasateenger.

　　Althoughhewasgraduallygainedinternational（43）_____asoneoftheworld'slendingconservationists,manyBritishpeoplestillthinkofhimasan（34）_____personwhotalkstoplants.Thisyear,asithappens,SouthKoreanscientistsprovedthatplantsreallydo（45）_____toround.SoCharleswasaheadofthegamethere,too.

A.conformB.eccentricC.environmentalistD.expeditionsE.impactF.notionsG.organicH.originally

I.recognitionJ.respondK.subordinateL.suppressingM.throneN.unnaturallyO.urging

SectionB

　　Directions:

Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.　HighSchoolSportsAren’tKillingAcademics

　　A）Inthismonth’sAtlanticcoverarticle,“TheCaseAgainstHigh-SchoolSports,”AmandaRipleyarguesthatschool-sponsoredsportsprogramsshouldbeseriouslycut.Shewritesthat,unlikemostcountriesthatoutperformtheUnitedStatesoninternationalassessments,Americanschoolsputtoomuchofanemphasisonathletics,“SportsareembeddedinAmericanschoolsinawaytheyarenotalmostanywhereelse,”shewrites,“YetthisdifferencehardlyevercomesupindomesticdebatesaboutAmerica’sinternationalmediocrity（平庸）ineducation.”

　　B）Americanstudent-athletesreapmanybenefitsfromparticipatinginsports,butthecoststotheschoolscouldoutweightheirbenefits,sheargues,Inparticular,Ripleycontendsthatsportscrowdouttheacademicmissionsofschools:

AmericashouldlearnfromSouthKoreaandFinlandandeveryothercountryatthetoplevelofinternationaltestscores,allofwhomemphasizeathleticsfarlessinschool.”Evenineighthgrade,AmericankidsspendmorethantwicethetimeKoreankidsspendplayingsports,”shewrites,citinga2010studypublishedintheJournalofAdvancedAcademics.

　　C）ItmightwellbetruethatsportsarefarmorerootedinAmericanhighschoolsthaninothercountries.Butourreadingofinternationaltestscoresfindsnosupportfortheargumentagainstschoolathletics.Indeed,ourownresearchandthatofothersleadustomaketheoppositecase.School-sponsoredsportsappeartoprovidebenefitsthatseemtoincrease,notdetract（减少）from,academicsuccess.

　　D）Ripleyindulgesapopularobsession（痴迷）withinternationaltestscorecomparisons,whichshowwideandfrighteninggapsbetweentheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Sheignores,however,thefactthatstatesvaryatleastasmuchintestscoresasdodevelopedcountries.A2011reportfromHarvardUniversityshowsthatMassachusettsproducesmathscorescomparabletoSouthKoreaandFinland,whileMississippiscoresareclosertoTrinidadandTobago.Ripley’sthesisaboutsportsfallsapartinlightofthisfact.SchoolsinMassachusettsprovidesportsprogramswhileschoolsinFinlanddonot.SchoolsinMississippimaylovefootballwhileinTobagointerscholasticsportsarenowherenearasprominent.Sportscannotexplainthesesimilaritiesinperformance.Theycan’texplaininternationaldifferenceseither.

　　E）IfitistruethatsportsunderminetheacademicmissionofAmericanschools,wewouldexpecttoseeanegativerelationshipbetweenthecommitmenttoathleticsandacademicachievement.However,theUniversityofArkansas’sDanielBowenandJayGreeneactuallyfindtheopposite.Theyexaminethisrelationshipbyanalyzingschools’sportswinningpercentagesaswellasstudent-athleticparticipationratescomparedtograduationratesandstandardizedtestscoreachievementoverafive-yearperiodforallpublichighschoolsinOhio.Controllingforstudentpovertylevels,demographics（人口统计状况）,anddistrictfinancialresources,bothmeasuresofaschool’scommitmenttoathleticsaresignificantlyandpositivelyrelatedtolowerdropoutratesaswellashighertestscores.

　　F）On-the-fieldsuccessandhighparticipationinsportsisnotrandom-itrequiresfocusanddedicationtoathletics.Onemightthinkthiswouldleadschoolsobsessedwithwinningtodeemphasizeacademics.BowenandGreene’sresultscontradictthatargument.Alikelyexplanationforthisseeminglycounterintuitive（与直觉相反的）resultisthatsuccessinsportsprogramsactuallyfacilitatesorreflectsgreatersocialcapitalwithinaschool’scommunity.

　　G）RipleycitesthewritingsofrenownedsociologistJamesColeman,whoseresearchineducationwasgroundbreaking.Colemaninhisearlyworkheldathleticsincontempt,arguingthattheycrowdedoutschools’academicmissions.Ripleyquoteshis1961study,TheAdolescentSociety,whereColemanwrites,“Altogether,thetrophy（奖品）casewouldsuggesttotheinnocentvisitorthathewasenteringanathleticclub,notaneducationalinstitution.”

　　H）However,inlaterresearchColemanwouldshowhowthesuccessofschoolsishighlydependentonwhathetermedsocialcapital,“thesocialnetworks,andtherelationshipsbetweenadultsandchildrenthatareofvalueforthechild’sgrowingup.”

　　I）Accordingtoa2013evaluationconductedbytheCrimeLabattheUniversityofChicago,aprogramcalledBecomingaMan-SportsEditioncreateslastingimprovementsintheboys’studyhabitsandgradepointaverages.Duringthefirstyearoftheprogram,studentswerefoundstobelesslikelytotransferschoolsorbeengagedinviolentcrime.Ayearaftertheprogram,participantswerelesslikelytohavehadanencounterwiththejuvenilejusticesystem.

　　J）Ifschool-sponsoredsportswerecompletelyeliminatedtomorrow,manyAmericanstudentswouldstillhaveopportunitiestoparticipateinorganizedathleticselsewhere,muchliketheydoincountriessuchasFinland,Germany,andSouthKorea.Thesameisnotcertainwhenitcomestostudentsfrommoredisadvantagedbackgrounds.Inanoverviewoftheresearchonnon-schoolbasedafter-schoolprograms,researchersfindthatdisadvantagedchildrenparticipateintheseprogramsatsignificantlylowerrates.Theyfindthatlow-incomestudentshavelessaccessduetochallengeswithregardtotransportation,non-nominalfees,andoff-campussafety.Therefore,reducingoreliminatingtheseopportunitieswouldmostlikelydeprivedisadvantagedstudentsofthebenefitsfromathleticparticipation,notleastofwhichistheopportunitytointeractwithpositiverolemodelsoutsideofregularschoolhours.

　　K）AnotherunfoundedcriticismthatRipleymakesisbringingupthestereotypethatathleticXXaretypicallylousy（蹩脚的）classroomteachers.“Americanprincipals,unliketheXXXXofprincipalsaroundtheworld,makemanyhiringdecisionswiththeirsportsteamsinmind,whichdoesnotalwaysendwellforstudents,”shewrites.Educatorswhoseekemploymentatschoolsprimarilyforthepurposeofcoachingarelikelytoshirk（推卸）teachingresponsibilities,theargumentgoes.Moreover,eveninthecaseswheretheemployeeisateacherfirstandathleticcoachsecond,theadditionalresponsibilitiesthatcomewithcoachinglikelycomesattheexpenseoftimeotherwisespentonplanning,grading,andcommunicatingwithparentsandguardians.

　　L）Thedata,however,donotseemtoconfirmthisstereotype.Inthemostrigorousstudyontheclassroomresultsofhighschoolcoaches,theUniversityofArkansas’sAnnaEgalitefindsthatathleticcoachesinFloridamostlytendtoperformjustaswellastheirnon-coachingcounterparts,withrespecttoraisingstudenttestscores.Wedonotdoubtthatteacherswhoalsocoachfaceserioustradeoffsthatlikelycomeattheexpenseoftimetheycoulddedicatetotheiracademicobligations.However,aswithsportingevents,athleticcoachesgainadditionalopportunitiesforcommunicatingandservingasmentors（导师）thatpotentiallyhelpstudentssucceedandmakeupforthecostsofcoachingcommitments.

　　M）Ifschoolsallowstudent-athletestoregularlymissoutoninstructionaltimeforthesakeoftravelingtoathleticcompetitions,that’sbad.However,suchissueswouldbebetteraddressedbychangingschoolandstatepolicieswithregardtotheschedulingofsportingeventsasopposedtototalelimination.Iftheempiricalevidencepointstoanything,itpointstowardsschoolsponsoredsportsprovidingassetsthatarewellworththec