新教材期末备考 基础卷外研版高中英语必修第三册原卷版.docx

新教材期末备考 基础卷外研版高中英语必修第三册原卷版.docx

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新教材期末备考基础卷外研版高中英语必修第三册原卷版

绝密★启用前

2019-2020学年高中英语新教材期末备考英语

满分120分

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第Ⅰ卷

第一部分听力（略）

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

It’stheperfecttimeofyeartocurlupwithagreatnewbook—sobesuretoaddtheseclimatemust-readstoyourlist.

THEUNINHABITABLEEARTH:

LIFEAFTERWARMING

ByDavidWallace-Wells

Theauthorspeaksoutonthechallengesfacingourplanet.Buthe’salsoanoptimist,onewell-awarethattherightactiontodaycanavoiddisastertomorrow.

ANINCONVENIENTSEQUEL:

TRUTHTOPOWER

ByAlGore

Alotofpeoplehaveheardhismessageabouttheclimatecrisis.Butjustasimportantisthemessagethatpeoplearoundtheworldcandosomethingaboutit.

Thebookisacomprehensivehow-toguidefullofconcrete,actionablewaysyoucanjointhemovementforsolutionsandhelpturnthetide.

THESIXTHEXTINCTION:

ANUNNATURALHISTORY

ByElizabethKolbert

TeenageclimateactivistGretaThunbergcalledoutworldleadersfortheirinaction,saying,“Peoplearesuffering.Peoplearedying.Entireecosystemsarecollapsing.Weareinthebeginningofamassextinction.”

ElizabethKolbertmightsay,“Exactly."Asshedetails,theEarthhasseenfivelandmarkeventsinthedistantpastthatwipedoutmostplantandanimallife.Buttoday,we’rewitnessinganewphenomenonknowntoscientistsasthe“sixthextinction."Unlikethepreviousfive,thisoneisnotanaturalevent.It’shuman-made.Andit'shappeningrightnow.

THEOVERSTORY

ByRichardPowers

Whilethebookslistedaboveareallworksofnonfiction,climateisshowingupmoreandmoreasamajorthemeincontemporaryfiction.Aworkofimaginationwanderingacrosscenturiesandcontinents,ittellsthestoryofninemaincharacters,allexistingatdifferentperiodsoftime,whicharenotmenorwomenatall,buttrees.

1．Whichauthorofferedmeasurestodealwithclimatechange?

A．ElizabethKolbert.B．AlGore.

C．DavidWallace-Wells.D．RichardPowers.

2．AccordingtoElizabethKolbert,whyisthesixthextinctiondifferentfrompreviousones?

A．Itislargelyduetohumanactivities.B．Itwipesoutalltheplantandanimallife.

C．Itismainlycausedbythenaturalfactors.D．Itistheresultoftheworldleaders’inaction.

3．WhatisspecialaboutTheOverstory?

A．Itdiscussesnaturalhistory.B．Itcentersonclimatecrisis.

C．Itfeaturesfictionalcharacters.D．Itisacollectionofnonfiction.

B

Deliveryrobots,onceasci-fifantasy,becamearealitythisyear.They'reincreasinglybeingseenasasolutionfor“last-miledelivery”—deliveringgoodsfromalocalwarehousetotheirfinaldestination.Buthowdorobotsfindthedoor?

It’snotalwayssimple.GPScantaketherobottotherightaddress,butcan'ttellitwhetherthedooristotheleftofthegarageorattheendofthegardenpath.

That’swhyresearchersatMIThavedevelopedanewrobotnavigation（导航）system.Inthenewsystem,whichcoversanareaofthreesuburbanneighborhoodsandoneurbanone,theytrainedthealgorithm（算法）onsatellitemaps.MichaelEverett,agraduatestudentinMIT,color-codedthemapsbasedonenvironmentalfeatures-sidewalksyellow,drivewaysblue,doorsgray.Hetrainedtheprogramusingbothcompleteimagesofthelandscapeandimagesthatwerepartlycovered,sinceamovingrobotwilloftenhaveitsviewpartiallyblockedbystreetfeatures,carsorpedestrians.

Everettandhisteamthendevelopeda“cost-to-goestimator”algorithmforchoosingapathofmaximumefficiency（andthusminimum“cost”）.Thisalgorithmcreatedasecondmap,wheredarkerlocationsarefartherfromthegoal,andlighterlocationsarecloser.Aroadorsidewalkmightbedarker,whileadrivewaywouldbelighterandlighterthecloseritgetstothefrontdoor.Thefrontdoor-thedestination--isthelightest.Thiscost-to-goestimatormaphelpsarobotmakeinformeddecisionsonthefly.

Thenewsystemprovestobebothefficientandaccurate.“Itisanimportantstepinachievingfasterreal-timedelivery,”saysMohitBansal,aprofessorattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.

Bansalsaysthenexthurdlewillbetoenablerobotstohandlelongercommands,includingcommandswithnegation（suchas“don’tgototheside:

door”）.Anotherchallengewillbedevelopingrobotsthatcanaskquestionsiftheygetlostorconfused.

“Myvisionthereisthatallourrobotsaregoingtobeabletojustunderstandreallycasualhumaninstructionslike,‘hey,robot,gograbacoffeeforme,’”Everettsays.

24．WhydoMITresearchersdevelopanewnavigationsystem?

A．Toavoidthesignalfailure.B．ToimprovethefunctionofGPS.

C．Totakerobotstotherightaddress.D．Toguiderobotstodelivergoodsprecisely.

25．Wecaninferthatthepurposeofusingpartly-coveredimagesisto______.

A．instructrobotstocatchcolorfulpictures

B．enablerobotstoidentifycarsandpedestrians

C．redirectrobotswhentheyaredisabledbytraffic

D．helprobotsbetterrecognizeenvironmentalfeatures

26．WhatisMichaelEverett'sattitudetowardsthefutureofrobots?

A．Objective.B．Optimistic.

C．Cautious.D．Ambiguous

27．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．ForgetAboutthePostOffice—RobotsCanHelp

B．HelpingDeliveryRobotsFindYourFrontDoor

C．CoveringtheLastMile—SoCloseYetSoFar

D．OpenYourDoortotheMITDeliveryService

C

Wefillourwaterbottlewithcoolwaterfromastreamandwatchaspuffycloudsslowlypushshadowsoverthegreenhills.Atthecountry'sfirstcampingsite,GlampingGeorgia,inAmbrolauri,sixwhitetentsaresetonahill,overlookingavalleyandslopesofdensepineforest.There’sabathroominsidetheair-conditionedtents,andaminikitchenoutside,aprivatedeckwithwickerrockingchairs.Linden,oakandappletreessurroundthetents.Theclean,freshairisrichwithbirdsongandinsectszipbackandforth.TheonlyothersoundistheKrikhulaRiver.It'stheperfectplacetodisconnect.AlayerofstarsopensupoverheadandGiorgi,theowner,dropsbytogiveusabottleofhishomemadegrape.

WespendthefinaldaysofourtripincentralGeorgia,atBorjomi,asummerretreatfortheRomanovs,famousforitsmineralwatersandsulphur（硫磺）baths.Covering210,000acres,theBorjomi-KharagauliNationalParkhasoneofthelargestareasofold-growthforestinEurope,andmanywildlifehabitats.Thereare12markedtracksforhiking,ridingandsnowshoeing,aswellas.touristsheltersandcampingareas.

WehiketheNikolozRomanovTrailfromLikanitoLomismountainwherearivervalleyleadsupthroughforesttoalpinemeadows（高山草甸）oftallgrassesandwildflowers.Wepassonlyahandfulofotherhikers.Iknowthattherewardat7,200ftwillbetheviews.WhatIdon'texpecttofindatthetoparefree-ranginghorseswithshinybrowncoats,atinydecorativechurchandcarpetsofwildflowers.

Thisiswhatwecamefor—undamagednatureandslowtravel.It'safewhours’hikebackdown,butallIwanttodoisliedownamongtheflowers,closemyeyesandjustbreathe.

28．Whatistheauthor'simpressionofGlampingGeorgia?

A．Itisnoteasilyaccessible.B．Itisadenselypopulatedarea.

C．Itaffordsbreathtakingviews.D．Itprovidespooraccommodation.

29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retreat”inthe2ndparagraphreferto?

A．Aquietplacetorelax.B．Ameadowoftallgrasses.

C．Afinaldestination.D．Awildlifehabitat.

30．WhatattractstheauthormostinGeorgia?

A．Itsfinebeautyandexceptionalfeatures.

B．Itsrareplantsanddiversewildlife.

C．Themineralwatersandsulphurbaths.

D．Therichcultureandwarmhospitality.

31．Howdoestheauthorpaintthepictureoftheirtrip?

A．Bymakingcomparisonswiththeirprevioustrips.

B．Bypresentingspecificlandscapefeatures.

C．Byintroducingthelocallifestyleanddailyroutines.

D．Bylistingpeopleandeventsalongtheway.

D

Areweinthemiddleofaworkplacerevolution?

Pooltables,nap-podsandfreefood.Theysoundlikethingsatanall-inclusivehoildayresort（度假胜地）ratherthaninanoffice.However,digitaltechcompanieshaveredesignedtheofficeandprovidedunusualbenefitstomaketheworkplaceamorepleasantandproductiveplacetobe.Forthesecompanies,thedaysofindividualworkareawherepeoplewouldworkontheirownforeighthoursadayarenomore.

ThistrendisnowspreadingoutsideSiliconValley.BobRandell,directorofMiCareer,says,“Everyone’srealizingthattechcompaniesdon’tprovidefancybenefitsorgamesareasinordertoseemcoolandtrendy.Theywanttheirstafftofeelgoodaboutthemselvesandtheirjobs.Happyemployeesarelesslikelytoleavetoworkforacompetitorand,mostimportantly,theyaremoreproductive.”

Thisnewkindofworkplacealsoencouragespeopletocooperateandtobecreative.Playingtabletenniswithleagueyourarelyworkwithcanleadtonewwaysofworkingandfreshthinking.Thinkingoveraproblemwhilelyinginahammock（吊床）mightbethebestwaytofinditssolution.

However,thisdoesn’tmeanemployersshouldimmediatelyofferfreeicecream,replacedeskswithsofasorletstaffbringpetstowork.“Firmshavetomakesuretheirbenefitsareofrealinteresttotheiremployees,andthattheycanaffordthemforthelongterm.'Ifacompanystopsofferingabenefit,staffhappinessgoesdownandpeoplearelesssatisfied,”saysAnnaTang,headofHRatDigitalFore.

Weadviseourmanagerstomonitortheeffectsofthebenefitscarefully.Wenowofferfreebreakfastsinsteadoffreelunches.Thispersuadespeopletoarriveearlyandtostartworkwithg