英语阅读理解科普环保练习题及答案及解析.docx
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英语阅读理解科普环保练习题及答案及解析.docx
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英语阅读理解科普环保练习题及答案及解析
英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题及答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下面文章,然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出每个问题的最佳
选项。
AninternationalteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordhavefoundthatthewaypeopleusetheInternetiscloselytiedtotheseasonalmovementsinthenaturalworld.Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(迁徙).
Migratorybirds(候鸟)floodbacktowheretheyreproduceeveryspring.Thatmigratorybehaviorisaccompaniedbysomehumanbehavior."InEnglish-languageWikipedia(维基百科),theonlinesearchesformigratoryspeciestendtoincreaseinspringwhenthosebirdsarriveintheUnitedStates,"saidtheleadauthorJohnMittermeier.
Andnotjustbirds.Mittermeierandhisteamsurveyednearly2.5billionWikipediasearchrecords,for32,000species,across245languages.Theyalsosawvariablesearchratesforinsects,horsetailsandfloweringplants.SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.
Thisfindingsuggestsnewwaystomonitorchangesintheworld'sbiologicaldiversity.Italsoshowsnewwaystoseehowmuchpeoplecareaboutnature,andwhichspeciesandareasmightbethemosteffectivetargetsforconservation.
Mittermeierisencouragedbythesearchresults.Hecommented,"Ithinkthere'saconcernamongconservationists(生态环境保护者)thatpeoplearelosingtouchwiththenaturalworldandthatthey'renotinteractingwithnativespeciesanymore.Andsointhatsense,itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature."
RichardGrenyer,AssociateProfessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,sayssearchdataisusefultoconservationbiologists,"Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:
whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp."
(1)Whathaveresearchersfoundaboutspeciessearches?
A.Theystrengthentiesamongpeople.
B.Theyaffecttheanimalmovements.
C.Theydifferinlanguagebackgrounds.
D.Theyreflectanimalmigrationseasons.
(2)WhatisthepurposeofwritingParagraph3?
A.Tosummarizetheresearchprocess.
B.Tofurthersupporttheresearchfindings.
C.Toshowthevarietyofspeciessearches.
D.Topresentresearchers'heavyworkload.
(3)HowdoesMittermeierfeelaboutthesearchresults?
A.SatisfiedwithWikipedia'sservice.
B.WorriedaboutWikipediabehavior.
C.Amazedatpeople'scareaboutnature.
D.Sadaboutpeople'snotgettingclosetonature.
(4)WhydoesRichardthinksuchsearchdataisuseful?
A.Ithelpstoaimatconservationtargets.
B.Itincreasesinterestinbigdataapproaches.
C.Itkeepstrackoftrendsinbiologists'work.
D.Itpushespeopletosolvedifficultproblems.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现,人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。
他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。
这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。
它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然,以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(迁徙).可”知关于物种搜索,研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.可知在维基”百科上,许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。
即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedforme
toseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature可知Mittermeier看到人”们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的,感到非常兴奋和意外。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:
whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp.可知”Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法,我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:
哪些物种和地区正在发生变化,哪些人最关心这些问题,哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。
即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
InareasliketheCentralUnitedStatesthatgetlotsoftornadoes,there'sacommonpieceof
celestial(天上的)fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.Researchhasshownthatitisn'tquiteassimpleasthat,butscientistshavefoundthatifyouseeagreensky,youshouldprobablygoinside.Asfarasmostscientistscantell,thegreenskiesaroundpowerfulthunderstormsareusuallyacombinationofredsunsetsandwaterdroplets.
Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorterwavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff
(反射)airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.Sothebluelightgetsbouncedallovertheskyandlookslikeit'scomingfromeverywhere.Meanwhile,aroundsunsetsunlighttravelsthroughsomuchatmospherethatjustaboutalltheblueisbouncedawayfromthehorizon,leavingallthoseredsandorangesbehind.Thesunsetmightlookexclusively(独有的)redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.
Bigtallthreateningstormcloudsaremadeofwaterdroplets,andeventhoughwaterisbestatreflectingbluelight,itcanstillreflectgreenprettywell,muchbetterthanredsandoranges,sounderjusttherightconditions,thewaterinandaroundacloudcanbouncethegreenlighthiddeninthesunsetrightintooureyesmakingtheskylookgreen.
Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.Soifyouseehugestormcloudsrollinginandagreentint(色调)inthesky,itdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthere'sabouttobeatornado,butitdoesmeanyoushouldprobablyheadindoors.
(1)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.WhyDotheCentralUnitedStatesGetTornadoes
B.DoGreenSkiesMeanaComingTornado
C.ACommonPieceofCelestialFortune-telling
D.GreenSkiesAreUniquetoClouds
(2)Whyaretheskiesblueinthedaytime?
A.Becauseonlybluelightcanbebouncedinthedaytime.
B.Becausethereismorebluelightthanlightofothercolors.
C.Becausebluelightisbouncedalloverthesky.
D.Becauseredlightisweakerthanbluelight.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?
A.Thesunset.B.Redlight.C.Bluelight.D.Water.
(4)Whatcanwelearnaboutfromthetext?
A.Stormcloudsaremadeofwaterdropletsandgreenlight.
B.Watercanreflectredlightaswellasbluelight.
C.Thereareonlyredandorangelightsinthesunsets.
D.Ifyouseeagreensky,therewillbeatornado.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,科学家发现天空呈现绿色并不是产生龙卷风的云层所独有的,有时它们会导致大量降雨,甚至冰雹,待在室内或许是最好的选择。
(1)考查主旨大意。
通读全文,根据第一段中的“there'sacommonpieceofcelestial(天上的)fortune-tellingthatgreenskiesmeanatornadoisonitsway.”和最后一段中的“Still,noneoftheconditionsthatcanturnskiesgreenareuniquetothecloudsthatproducetornadoes.
Sometimestheyjustleadtolotsofrain,andmaybesomehail.可知,本文主要话题”是关注绿色的天空是否意味着即将来临的龙卷风展开的,故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Daytimeskiesarebluebecauseblueshorter
wavelengthsofvisiblelighttendtobounceoff(反射)airmoleculesbetterthanredlongerwavelengthlight.可知,”白天天空是蓝色,因为蓝色短的波长的可见光会反射空气分子比红色的长波长光。
故选C。
(3)考查代词指代。
根据第二段中的“Thesunsetmightlookexclusively(独有的)redandorange,butthere'sstillsomegreenandevenbluelighthiddeninthere,justfarlessthantheothercolors.可知”,选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Butforustonoticetheremaininggreenlight,itneedstohitsomethingthatreflectsgreenlightmuchbetterthanred.That'swherewatercomesin.可”
知,水既能反射蓝光,也能反射红光,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,代词指代,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor(流星)thatfelltotheearthlastyear.TheobjectswerediscoveredoffthecoastoftheUnitedStatesinthePacificOcean.
ThecrewoftheNautilus,aprivateresearchship,recoveredtherockparticles(颗粒).TheNautilusisoperatedbytheOceanExplorationTrust.Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.
ThesearchwaslaunchedafterUSgovernmentweatherstationsobservedalargemeteoriteexplodingsomemonthsago.Theexplosionlituptheskyandsenttherockparticlestotheearth.ThemeteoritefallwasthelargestrecordedovertheUnitedStatesinatleast20years.TheteamincludesscientistsfromNASA,theOlympicCoastNationalMarineSanctuaryandtheUniversityofWashington.Thescientistsexaminedwhattheybelieveweretwosmallmeteoritefragments.Furthertestingisneededbeforetheycanconfirmthatthematerialcamefromtheexplosion.
TheNautilusisequippedwithtworemotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs),calledHerculesandArgus.Theseroboticsubmarineshelpresearchersfindandcollectmaterialsfromtheseafloor.Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.Forthisreason,scientistsdecidedtolaunchthefirstintentionalsearchformeteoritesfromtheocean.Untilthelatestresearch,scientistshadonlyaccidentallydiscoveredasmallnumberofmeteoritesfromdrillingoperations.
Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.First,meteoriteparticlesarebasicallymadeofglassymaterialsthatdonottendtolastlonginseawater.Secondly,theycamefromwhatlookedlikeasmallholeontheseafloor.Someevidenceshowsthattheycamefromsomethingthatfell.
(1)Whatisthecurrentgoalofthe
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