版新高考英语一轮复习Unit1Lifestyles练习北师大版含参考答案.docx

版新高考英语一轮复习Unit1Lifestyles练习北师大版含参考答案.docx

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版新高考英语一轮复习Unit1Lifestyles练习北师大版含参考答案

新高考英语一轮复习：

Unit1Lifestyles

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋1篇完形

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2020·泉州高三调研）

RichasaKing

WilliamⅠ，whoconqueredEnglandsome950yearsago,hadwealth,powerandanarmy.YetalthoughWilliamwasveryrichbythestandardofhistime,hehadnothinglikeaflushtoilet（抽水马桶）,papertowels,oraridinglawnmower（割草机）.Howdidheget__by?

Historybooksarefilledwithwealthypeoplewhowerepoorcomparedtome.Ihavestormwindows,Croesusdidnot.EntirenationstrembledbeforeAlexandertheGreat,buthecouldn’tbuycatfood.CzarNicholaslackedanelectricsaw.

GivenhowmuchbetteroffIamthansomanyfamousdeadpeople,you’dthinkI’dbecontent.Thetroubleisthat,likemostpeople,Icomparemywealthwiththatoflivingpersons:

neighbors,schoolclassmates,andfamousTVpeople.ThegreedIfeeltowardmyfriendHoward’snewkitchenisnotreducedbythefactthatnokingseverhadarefrigeratorwithglassdoors.

Thereisreallynorisingorfallingstandardofliving.Overthecenturiespeoplesimplyfinddifferentthingstofeelsadabout.You’dthinkthatsimplynothavingdiseasewouldputusinagoodmood,butno,wewantahotbathtoo.

Ofcourse,onewaytoachievehappinesswouldbetorealizethatevenbytoday’sstandardsthethingsIownareprettynice.Myhouseissmallerthanthehousesofmanyinvestmentbankers,butevensoithasalotmoreroomsthatmywifeandIcankeepclean.

Besides,topeoplelookingbackatourerafromacenturyortwointhefuture,thesebankers’fancycountertopsandmyownwornFormicawillseemequallyshabby.Ican’tkeepupwithmyneighborsrightnow.Butjustwait.

【解题导语】　本文主要通过同富有的古人对比启迪读者：

生活没有必要攀比，要知足常乐。

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“getby”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A．Succeedasaking.

B．Dealwithcomplaints.

C．Liveinasatisfactoryway.

D．Getsomeextramoney.

C　解析：

词义猜测题。

根据第三段第一句“GivenhowmuchbetteroffIamthansomanyfamousdeadpeople,you’dthinkI’dbecontent.”，并结合对第一段第二句的理解：

没有现代这些便利的生活设备，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得称心如意呢？

由此可推知，画线短语表示“以一种令人满意的方式生活”，故选C。

2．Howmanyhistoricalfiguresarementionedtocomparelivesinthepastandpresent?

A．3.　　　　　　　　　B．4.

C．5.D．6.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据对第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活对比中作者列举了四个历史人物，他们分别是：

WilliamⅠ，Croesus,AlexandertheGreat和CzarNicholas。

3．Accordingtothepassage,theauthorintendsto________．

A．tellustobecontentwithlife

B．warnustoliveinasimpleway

C．teachustolearnlessonsfromlife

D．encourageustostruggleforwealth

A　解析：

写作意图题。

根据文章的标题RichasaKing，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，作者通过古今生活对比，告诉我们要知足常乐。

4．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardslife?

A．Doubtful.B．Optimistic.

C．Uncaring.D．Cautious.

B　解析：

观点态度题。

根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段最后两句“Ican’tkeepupwithmyneighborsrightnow.Butjustwait.”可推知，作者对生活持乐观的态度。

B

（2020·佛山高三质检）Asevolutiontendstoremovewaste,howcomeweevolvedsuchlarge,energyconsumingbrains?

Thedominanthypothesis（假设）suggeststhattoughsocialinteractionsarethedrivingforce.Butournewstudydoneinanunusualwayshowsthathumanbrainexpansionislikelydrivenbyecology（生态）．

Scientistshavetestedtheecologicalandsocialhypothesesbefore.Thecommonapproachistolookatmanyspeciesandinvestigatewhetherlargebrainsareassociatedwithspecificproblems.Forexample,doprimatesorotheranimalswithlargebrainshaveadietthatischallengingtofindbutnutritionallyrewarding?

Thiswouldindicateanecologicalorigin.Ordotheyliveinlargegroupswheretheyfacelotsofsocialproblems?

Whilemanystudieshavefoundsuchassociations,thereisaproblem.Itcannottellwhetherlargebrainsevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhethertheyevolvedforotherreasonsandthenenabledtheirbearerstodealwiththehardproblems.

Tofindoutthecausesofbrainexpansion,werecreatedthescenarios（可能出现的情况）ofthetwohypothesesusingamathematicalmodel.Wefoundthatacombinationofecologicalandsocialchallengesdoproducethebrainsizeweseeinhumans.Butitwasecologicalchallengesthatexpandedbrains.Incontrasttothedominantviewandourownexpectation,wefoundthatsocialchallengescontributedbydecreasingbrainsize.Butyouneedbothfactorstogetthebrainsizeweseetoday—iftherewerenosocialchallengesourbrainswouldhavebeenevenlargerbutlikelypoorlysuitedtosociallife.Biggerisn’tnecessarilybetter.

Butmanyanimalsfacehardecologicalproblems.Whydon’ttheyallhavelargebrains?

Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohumansizedbrainswhenindividualscankeeplearninghardskillsastheygrow.Soourresultsandthoseofothers’suggestthathardecologyandtheaccumulationofculturalknowledgecouldacttogethertoproduceahumansizedbrain.

Willthehumanbrainexpandfurther?

Thecomplexityofthesystemsinvolvedmakesitimpossibletosaymuchwithcertaintyatpresent.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。

科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社交活动。

5．Inmostpeople’sview,whatmakeshumanevolvelargebrains?

A．Socialchallenges.

B．Socialandecologicalchallenges.

C．Ecologicalchallenges.

D．Competitionwithotherlargeanimals.

A　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“Thedominanthypothesis（假设）suggeststhattoughsocialinteractionsarethedrivingforce.”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社交活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。

6．What’stheproblemofthecommonapproach?

A．Itsmodelisnotreliableenough.

B．Itdoesn’ttellthecauseandeffectclearly.

C．Itshypothesiscannotbeprovedeffectively.

D．Itdoesn’tfindbrainsizeisconnectedwithproblems.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句“Itcannottellwhetherlargebrainsevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhethertheyevolvedforotherreasonsandthenenabledtheirbearerstodealwiththehardproblems.”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。

7．Whydon’tmanyanimalshavelargebrains?

A．Theydon’tlearnfromeachother.

B．Theydon’tfacehardecologicalproblems.

C．Theydon’tneedtocooperatewitheachother.

D．Theydon’tkeeplearningtoughskillsastheygrow.

D　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第五段第二、三句“Whydon’ttheyallhavelargebrains?

Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohumansizedbrainswhenindividualscankeeplearninghardskillsastheygrow.”可知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会影响人类特定大小的大脑。

据此可推知，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。

8．Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersfindmostsurprising?

A．Animalsdon’thavelargebrains.

B．Socialchallengesdecreasebrainsize.

C．Ecologicalchallengesincreasebrainsize.

D．It’sunclearwhetherhumanbrainswillexpandfurther.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第四段第四句“Incontrasttothedominantviewandourownexpectation,wefoundthatsocialchallengescontributedbydecreasingbrainsize.”可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。

据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故B项正确。

Ⅱ.七选五

（2020·兰州高三诊断）Haveyoueverwonderedwhattherealmeaningofthesaying“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed”is?

1.________.Truefriendshipistheone,inwhichtheindividualsdonothavetomaintaingoodmannerswitheachother.Sharingtruefriendshipisthesituation,whenthepersonyouaretalkingaboutisregardedasoneamongyourfamilymembers,whentherelationyousharewithhimorherreachesastagethatevenifyoudon’tcorrespondforsometime,yourfriendshipremainsunchanged.

Thetrustbetweenbestfriendsissuchthatifonefriendfallsintrouble,theotherwillnotthinktwicetohelp.Ifthebondbetweentwofriendsisstrong,truefriendscantolerateevenlongdistances.2.________.Itwouldnotaffecttheirfriendship.

3．________.Theywouldfaceittogetherandsupporteachother,evenifitisagainsttheinterestsoftheotherperson.Bestfriendsdon’tanalyzeeachotherandtheydon’thavetodoso.Theyaccepteachotherwiththeirpositiveandnegativequalities.4.________.Theyknoweachother’sstrengthsaswellasweaknesses.Onewouldnotoverpowertheother.Theywouldrespecteachother’sindividuality.Infact,theywouldunderstandthesimilaritiesandrespectthedifferences.

Truefriendshipismarkedbyselflessness.Bestfriendssupporteachother,evenifthewholeworldopposesthem.5.________.Ifyouhaveevenonetruefriend,consideryourselflucky.

A．Truefriendshipneverfadesaway

B．Nothingishiddenbetweentruefriends

C．Itisnoteasygettingtruefriendsforthelifetime

D．Forthem,geographicalseparationisjustapartoflife

E．Truefriendsdon’tdeserteachotherwhenoneisfacingtrouble

F．Remember,allthebestfriendsarefriends,butnotallfriendscanbethebestfriends

G．Peopletalkaboutthetruevalueoffriendshipactuallywithoutknowingwhatitstandsfor

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。

在生活中，真正的友谊不会拘泥于各种礼仪，朋友彼此间都以诚相待，会毫不犹豫地帮助对方。

1．G　解析：

空前一句是说，你曾经想知道“患难见真情”的真正含义吗？

后一句解释了什么是真正的友谊；由此可推知，空处应是说很多人并不了解真正的友谊的含义。

故选G。

2．D　解析：

根据前一句中的“longdistances”可知，此处叙述的是距离对双方的影响，这与D项中的“geographicalseparation”相呼应。

故选D。

3．E　解析：

根据后一句中的“faceittogetherandsupporteachother”可知，此处讲述的是真正的朋友会共同面对困难并互相支持，这与E项中的“don’tdeserteachother”相呼应。

故选E。

4．B　解析：

根据后一句“Theyknoweachother’sstrengthsaswellasweaknesses.”可知，真正的朋友知道对方的优点和缺点，双方坦诚相见，故B项符合语境。

5．C　解析：

根据空后一句“Ifyouhaveevenonetruefriend,consideryourselflucky.”可知，即使你只有一位真正的朋友，那你也应该感到幸运；由此可推知，C项“获得一生的真正的朋友并不容易”符合语境。

Ⅲ.完形填空

（2020·合肥第一次质检）GreenbergwasaluckyguytoenterColumbiaUniversityonafullscholarship.Butjustbeforejunioryear,Greenberg’s__1__changed.Onedayhisvision“__2__up”andlaterhewasdiagnosed（诊断）withglaucoma（青光眼）.ThendoctorsoperatedonGreenberg’seyes.__3__，thesurgerydidn’twork.Greenbergwasgoingblind.Hewasso__4__thatherefusedtoseeanyone.

AsGreenberg’sbestfriend,ArthurpersuadedGreenbergtogobacktoColumbiaUniversityand__5__tobehis“reader”.Arthurread__6__tohimeveryday,takingtimeoutfromhisownstudy,andGreenberg__7__scoringstraightA’s.Still,hewas__8__aboutgettingaloneandreliedonhi