考研英语阅读unit2.docx
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考研英语阅读unit2.docx
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考研英语阅读unit2
Unit2
Custommakesallthingseasy.
有个好习惯,事事皆不难。
学习内容
题材
词数
建议时间
得分统计
做题备忘
PartA
Text1
科普知识
394
/10
Text2
商业经济
396
/10
Text3
社会生活
439
/10
Text4
科普知识
401
/10
PartB
生态环境
612
/10
PartC
文化教育
473
/10
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
Text1
In1967,inresponsetowidespreadpublicconcernarousedbymedicalreportsofasbestos-relateddeaths,theNationalMedicalResearchCouncilorganizedcommitteeofinquirytoinvestigatethehealththreatsassociatedwiththeuseofasbestosinthebuildingindustry.
Afterexaminingevidenceprovidedbymedicalresearchersandbuildingworkersandmanagement,theCouncilpublishedareportwhichincludedadvicefordealingwithasbestos.ThereportconfirmedthefindingsofsimilarresearchintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Exposuretorelativelysmallquantitiesofasbestosfibers,theyconcluded,wasdirectlyresponsibleforthedevelopmentofcancers,asbestosisandrelateddiseases.Takingintoaccountevidenceprovidedbyeconomistsandbuildingindustrymanagement,however,thereportassumedthatdespitetheavailabilityofothermaterials,asbestoswouldcontinuetoplayamajorroleintheBritishbuildingindustryformanyyearstocomebecauseofitsavailabilityandlowcost.
Asaresult,thecouncilgaveaseriesofrecommendationswhichwereintendedtoreducetheriskstothosewhomightbeexposedtoasbestosinworkingenvironments.Theyrecommendedthat,wherepossible,asbestosfreematerialsshouldbeemployed.Incaseswhereasbestoswasemployed,itwasrecommendedthatitshouldbeusedinsuchawaythatloosefiberswerelesslikelytoentertheair.
Thereportrecommendedthatspecialcareshouldbetakenduringworkinenvironmentswhichcontainasbestos.Workersshouldwearprotectiveequipmentandtakespecialcaretoremovedustfromtheenvironmentandclothingwiththeuseofvacuumcleaner.
Thereportidentifiedfivefactorswhichdeterminethelevelofriskinvolved.Thestateandtypeofasbestosiscriticaltodeterminingtheriskfactors.Inaddition,dustformationwasfoundtobelimitedwhereasbestoswasusedwhenwetratherthandry.
Thechoiceoftoolswasalsofoundtoaffectthequantitiesofasbestosparticlesthatentertheair.Machinetoolsproducegreaterquantitiesofdustthanhandtoolsand,wherepossible,theuseofthelatterwasrecommended.
Acriticalfactortakesplaceinriskreductionintheadequateventilationoftheworkingenvironment.Whenworktakesplaceinanenclosedspace,moreasbestosparticlescirculateanditwasthereforerecommendedthatnaturalormachineventilationshouldbeused.Bycloselyfollowingthesewordsofadvice,itwasclaimedthatexposurecanbereducedtoareasonablypracticalminimum.
1.Exposuretoasbestosfiberscancausecancer
[A]onlywhenasbestosisusedinbuildingindustry.
[B]onlywhenitisusedinlargequantities.
[C]evenifitisusedinsmallquantities.
[D]ifitisusedwhenwetratherthandry.
2.Exposuretoasbestosfibersisharmfultopeople’shealth
[A]sotheuseofasbestosislimited.
[B]butasbestoswillcontinuetobeusedforalongtime.
[C]soothernewkindsofmaterialsareunderdevelopment.
[D]buttheywillnotbesowhenventilationdevicesareused.
3.Evidencefromtheeconomistsandthebuildingindustriesshowsthat
[A]exposuretoasbestosfibersiscancer-causing.
[B]asbestosisinextensiveuseinbuildingindustry.
[C]useofasbestosisbeingreducedgradually.
[D]exposuretoasbestosfiberscanbereducedsignificantly.
4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrue?
[A]Choiceoftoolscannotaffectthequantitiesofasbestosparticlesthatentertheair.
[B]Stateandtypeofasbestosismeaninglesstodeterminingtheriskfactors.
[C]Quantityofasbestoshasnorelationtotheriskfactors.
[D]Ventilationplaysanimportantroleinreducingtheharmbroughtbyasbestos.
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattherealdangercomesfrom
[A]theasbestosdustthatpeopletakein.
[B]thecontactoftheworker’sskinwithasbestosparticles.
[C]theinferiorqualityoftheasbestositself.
[D]theexcessiveuseofman-madeasbestosmaterial.
Text2
It’sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.They’reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfordotcomstartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltrating(渗透)people’severydaylives—bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwalls,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.
WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald’sopenkiosksinelementary-schoollunchrooms,inwhichschoolslikeStanfordUniversityareendowedwithaYahoo!
FoundersChair.Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.
“Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketing—andthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,”saysauthorandactivistNaomiKlein.“It’simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We’vecompletelylostthatspace.”
Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas—Starbucksisn’tsellingcoffee;it’ssellingcommunity!
—thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.
Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere—forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovideanybenefits(suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.
Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.
6.Thetextintendstotellus
[A]theproblemswithcurrentcorporatepractices.
[B]thenatureofcurrentmarketingcampaignsandstrategies.
[C]theimportanceofbrandsinAmericanculture.
[D]theexcessivepresenceofbrandsandmarketinginpeople’slives.
7.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorstateasafactorintheincreasingpresenceofbrandsinpeoples’lives?
[A]Theaggressivenatureofcorporatemarketing.
[B]Thewillingnessofschoolsandmuseumstocooperatewithprivatecompanies.
[C]Thelackofgovernmentregulationsofmarketingmethods.
[D]Themarketingcampaignstakeuppublicspaces.
8.NaomiKlein’sattitudetowardstheinfiltrationofbrandsintopublicspacesisoneof
[A]concern.[B]ambivalence.[C]outrage.[D]acceptance.
9.ThetextsuggeststhatmostcontractlaborersintheU.S.
[A]pretendtobetemporaryworkers.
[B]mayhavetroublesupportingtheirfamiliesfinancially.
[C]haveworkconditionscomparabletothoseoflow-wageworkersoverseas.
[D]arelikelytoreceivehealthbenefitsfromtheiremployers.
10.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]inadequatefederalfundingfacilitatedtheprivatizationofschoolsandmuseums.
[B]governmentreducedspendingforschoolsandmuseumsfortheircooperationwithcompanies.
[C]publicinstitutionsweretooquicktoacceptcorporatemarketingasasourceoffunding.
[D]bythe1980s,veryfewpublicinstitutionswerenotbeingfundedbycorporations.
Text3
TheManchruianCandidate,FrankSinatra,unabletofathomthedepthandextentoftheevilthathadbeendonetothemindofamanprogrammedtobecomeakillercries,“Hell,hell!
”Peoplemaysaythesamethingafterlastweek’sschoolshootingofasix-year-oldgirlbyasix-year-oldboy.OnTuesdaytheboybroughtapistoltoanelementaryschoolinMountMorrisTownship,nearFlint,Mich.,andshotaclassmate,KavlaRolland,todeath.Heistooyoungtobechargedwithanything,butthecountyprosecutorhaschargedthemanwholefttheloadedgunlyingaroundwithinvoluntarymanslaughter,contributingtothedelinquencyofaminorandgrossneglecteachofwhichhasawiderapplication.Thestorymaybetoounusualforthedrawingoflargerlessons,butonereasonitissotroublingisthatittouchestheworstofAmerica’ssocialills,includingtheshapingofaboywhobecamealoadedgunhimself.
WhokilledKaylaRolland?
Asix-year-oldclassmatedidit.OnTuesdaymorning,hewenttotheTheoJ.BuellElementarySchoolcarryingbothaconcealedDavis32semiautomatichandgun,advertisedas“theoriginalpocketpistol”,andaknife.Anotherkidreportedtheknifetoateacheranditwastakenaway.Theboyheldontothegunshortlybefore10a.m..ChrisBoaz,aseven-year-oldboy,witnessedthefollowingscene.Thechildrenwerechangingclassrooms,fromasmallreadinggrouptoacomputertrainingclass.Thisiscontrarytothepolicereportthatthecrimeoccurredinsideaclassroom.Thekidswereonthefirstlevelheadingtothesecondwhentheboyp
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