M7M8语法重点难点用红色标明.docx
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M7M8语法重点难点用红色标明.docx
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M7M8语法重点难点用红色标明
M7M8语法(重点难点用红色标明)
常用介词辨析:
表示空间关系的介词
on/over/above
onthetable〔接触〕
overtheriver〔正上方不接触〕
abovethehorizon(不一定正上方且不接触)
abovesealevel〔可指温度或刻度〕
in/inside/among
in/insidetheroom
ahouseamongthetrees
*Ofthosestudents,twoareadopted.(数量概念〝。
。
。
中〞)
beside/nearto
Hesitsbesidethefire.
Sitnearer(to)thefire!
under/below
Thebookyouarelookingforisrightunderyournose.(正下方,与over相反)
Ilivebelowthemountain.(不一定正下方,与above相反)
belowsealevel〔可指温度或刻度〕
awayfrom/off
Ifellofftheladder.
There’sabathroomoffthemainroom.
Keepoff/awayfromthegrass!
Helives1000metersawayfromschool.
infrontof/inthefrontof
Infrontofmyhomerunsasmallriver.
Don’tsitinthefrontofthecar.
over/opposite/across/through/past
walkoverthestreet/climboverthemountain
walkacross/overthestreet(穿过某一平面)
There’sabankacrossthestreet.〔在。
。
。
的对面〕
walkthroughthegate/thecrowd
walkpastashop
oppositetheshop
表示时刻的介词
in/after
We’llmeetagainintwoweeks.
WestartedoutfortheUSAonJulythefirstandafter20houses,wearrivedatLAAirport.
Aftergraduation,I’llfindajobtomakemoney.〔能够跟时刻点〕
Since/For
I’vebeenlearningEnglishfor20years.
It’s20yearssinceIstartedlearningEnglish.
By/Before/until
I’llbebackbefore6:
0p.m..
Supperwillbereadyby6:
0p.m..
Theyhavefinished10projectsbytheendoftheterm.
I’llworkhereuntil6:
0p.m..
Theworkwon’tbefinishedby/untiltomorrow.〔终止性动词的否定式里by/until都能够用〕
in/within/between/during
Manytrafficaccidentshappenedwithin/duringthepastweek.〔在某段时刻范畴内〕
Ican'ttellyouatthemoment,butI’llletyouknowinafewdays.〔在假设干时刻后〕
Icantypemorethan100Chinesecharactersinoneminute.(在假设干时刻里做成了某事)
I’mbusybetween9:
00a.m.and2:
00p.m.
Pleaseremainseatedduringtheperformance.
〔atsomepointinaperiodoftime〕duringmystay
其他
but/except/exceptfor/besides/
Childrenwouldprefertodoeverything,exceptwhattheirparentsaskthemto.(表示排除)
Thebusisemptyexceptfortwopassengers.〔要不是因为〕
Butforyouradvice,Iwouldhavefailed.〔虚拟,要不是因为〕
Besidesreading,Ilovelisteningtomusic.〔包括。
。
。
在内还〕
Nobodybut/exceptJohnknowsthecitywell.(只有)
表示数量关系变化的介词
Thenumberofcarsthatwererecalledhasrisento8,000,000.
Thepriceofnewapartmentsthisyearhasrisenby$100.(相差)
其他常见短语性动词
1.Itiscertainthathewillhandoverhisbusinesstohissonwhenhegetsold.
2.Shealwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschooltakesupmostofherday.
3.Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshouldsticktoit.
4.Wehavetogetinthewheatassoonaspossiblebecauseastormisontheway.
5.IwasjusttalkingtoMarywhenTomcutin.
6.Thispicturewastakenalongtimeago.Iwonderifyoucanpickoutmyfather.
7.Hegaveawaymostofhismoneytocharity.
8.Shetookmeincompletelywithherstory.
9.Youshouldbreakawayfromsuchhabits.
10.Wemustcatchupwiththem.
11.Let’sfaceuptothesituation.
12.Dotheseplansfitinwithyourarrangements?
13.Let’sgetdowntoourbusiness.
14.Ican’tputupwithhimanylonger.
15.Thespecialtrainpulledinat9a.m.
16.Pricesofvegetableshavegoneuprecently.
有关否定
全部否定
1.Wediscusseditallmorningbutgotnowhere.(没有进展)
2.Neverevertellanyoneyourpassword.永久不要
部分否定
3.Allthatglittersisnotgold。
不是所有
否定转移
4.Itdoesn’tsoundasifthepoorgirlknowswhathashappenedtoherintheaccident.听起来
if句式
5.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldn’t/shouldbringinumbrella.
6.Iwouldn’tbesurprised,iftheymoved/didn’tmovesoon.
双重否定
7.It’snotunlikelythathewillstayathomeonSunday.
8.Youcan’tmakesomethingoutofnothing.
形式确信,意义否定
9.Thebeautyismorethanwordscandescribe.(无法用语言表达)
10.ThisismorethanIcantell.〔无法区分〕
11.Heismorebravethanwise.只是勇敢并不明智
12.I’lldoanythingbutthat.绝不做。
。
。
13.Thehotelisanythingbutsafe.(definitelynot)绝不安全
14.Heisthelastmanformetoinvitetovisitmyschool.〔绝不找某人〕
15.Theclassicsarefarfromdisappearing.〔远非,一点都可不能〕
16.Thiskindoffastfoodissaidtobefreefrom/ofartificialcolorsandflavorings.〔没有withoutsthharmful〕
17.Sheistoocold-bloodedtobeaGoodwillAmbassador.(太。
。
。
而不)
几乎否定〔hardly,barely,rarely,scarcely,little,seldom,few…〕
18.Hehasfew,ifany,misspellings.
19.Herarely,ifever,travelstothecountry.
20.Richasthebossis,hehardlyknowshowtowritehisownname.
21.Sheseldomhasakindwordtosay.
形式否定,意义确信
22.Astudentcan’tbetoodiligent.〔在。
。
。
也不为过〕
23.Pipcan’twaittostarthisnewlife.〔迫不及待〕
24.Asoftenasnot/Moreoftenthannot,he’slateforwork.〔像往常一样〕
25.Nothingbutamiraclecansavehernow.(only)
26.Hecouldn’tfeelbetter.〔感受最好〕
27.Nothingismorevaluablethanhealth.(最重要)
28.no+形容词比较级+than:
as形容词的反义词as
29.Heisnotalittleangry.(very)
30.Heisnotabitangry.(notatall)
31.NodoubtalotofChinesewillnever/nolongerseeherfilmsorbuyproductsrepresentedbyher.
倒装
32.NeverhaveIseen〔see〕thecouplequarrellingsinceIlivedthere.
33.Notonlydidheread(read)thebook,butalsoherememberedwhathehadread.
34.Notuntilhereached(reach)schooldidherealize(realize)thathewaslate.
35.Seldomdoeshissisterhave(have)akindwordtosay.
36.Nosoonerhadthethiefseen(see)thepolicemanthanheranaway.
37.Hardlyhadthethiefseen(see)thepolicemanwhenheranaway.
38.Under/Innocircumstancesshouldyoulend(shouldlend)Paulanymoney.
39.Onnoaccountshouldthehousebeleftunlocked.绝不
40.Bynomeansissheaninexperiencedteacher.
关于省略(红色是重点/黄色光标常省略)
1.冠词
●MikewaselectedasPresidentfinally.
●Childasheis,heknowshowtoweighuptheprosandcons.
●Theyarethegardenerandthegatekeeper.
2.介词
●Any,each,every,next,last,some,all,this,that,one等开头的表示时刻的名词短语中。
〔nextweek〕
●Today,tomorrow,yesterday,yesterdayafternoon/evening/morning,Saturday等前面.(Sundayevening)
●在表示一段时刻的名词短语中for一样能够省略。
〔Thefireslastedmanyhours.〕
在否定句或句首不可省:
Ihaven’theardfromhimforalongtime.
Forawholeyear,Iwashelpingmydadonthefarm.
●Of在与age,size,colour,height,shape等名词连用时,常省略
Theyhaveadaughter(of)myage.
Thetwopairsofshoesare(of)thesamesize.
At(the)age(of)14,Ibecame…
●Ihavenoidea(of)howgratefulIamfor…
●Ilivenear(to)TaihuLake.
●Willyousitopposite(to)meandhaveafriendlytalk?
●Followme(in)thisway,please
●Let’scook(in)theAmericanstyle.
●Shallwemeet(at)about9oclocktomorrowmorning?
●Havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing
●Spend/waste…(in)doing
●It’snouse/good(in)doing
●Stop/prevent…(from)doing
●Endup…(by)doing
●What’sthegood(of)doing
●Taketurns(at)doing
●Bebusy(in)doing
●Haveagood/pleasant/hardtime(in)doing
3.连词
●Sheisnotonly/merelykind,butsheis(also)honest.
●Whetherhe’llattendthemeeting(ornot)isnotknown.
●Hespokeinaloudvoiceso(that)weheardhimclearly.
●Now(that)youareallready,let’sgetstarted.
4.句子成分
主语:
(You〕Comeinandsitdown,please.
(It)Lookslikerain.
Inandaroundthecity(there)arelotsofroses.
谓语或谓语部分:
Onlyoneofuswasinjured,andhe(was)justslightly.
We’lldothebestwecan(do).
---Wasitcompleted?
---Yes,itwas(completed).
表语:
Thisproblemisthemostdifficult(problem)tosolve.
某些动词的宾语:
Ipaid(Peter)themoney.
IpaidPeter(themoney).
Shewashed(theshirt),ironed(theshirt),andfoldedtheshirt.
5.主语+be
Though(hewas)tired,hedidn’tstopatall.
When(hewas)rescued,hewasalmostdead.
6.从句
Youwoulddothesame(ifyouwereinmyposition.)
Youhavedonebetterthistime(thanyoudidbefore.)
---Whereismycat?
---HowshouldIknow?
(whereyourcatis.)
7.整句
---Areyouallright?
---Yes.(I’mallright.)
---Areyoucoming?
---No.(I’mnotcoming.)
8.适应
●Possible/necessary与if,when,where,whenever,wherever连用〔if〔itis〕possible〕
●As…aspossible
●Ifonly后常加一个虚拟句,表示〝要是。
。
。
就好了〞
Ifonlyyouhadcometotheget-together.
●Whatif/though句式表示〝要是/即使。
。
。
如何办/如何样〞
Whatifitrains?
Whatthoughyoufail?
●What/Howabout用来提出建议或征求对方意见
Ican’tmakeitFriday.HowaboutSaturday?
●Why/Whynot(提供建议)
It’ssocoldhere.Whystandheresolong?
Whynotcomein?
关于倒装
不倒装:
主谓
倒装:
谓语在主语前
倒装的形式:
全部倒装;部分倒装
全部倒装:
整个谓语在主语前(upflewtheball)
1)Therearemanykidsplayingbasketballonthecourt.
2)表示方向,地点,和时刻的词here,there,in,out,down,up,off,back,away,overthere,now,then,first等放于句首,假设主语是名词而不是代词时,那么倒装。
Herecomesthebus!
Hereyouare!
Thenbeganthelongten-limarchintoBeijing.
Nowcomesyourturn.
3)表示地点,时刻的介词短语放在句首,主语较长又无宾语时,一样要倒装。
Throughthewindowcameinthesweetmusic.
Aftertheheadwalkedagroupofworkers.
4)Sucharetheresults.
SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplebutgreatscientist.
5)主语太长
Presentatthepartywereagroupofyoungpeoplewhocalledthemselvespioneersofmodernart.
部分倒装:
谓语的部分〔助动词,情态动词,系动词be〕放于主语前(Neverhadtheballflownthathigh.///did主+动词原形.)
1)否定词或带有否定意义的表达置于句首时。
Not,little,few,hardly,never,rarely,seldom,nowhere,nosooner…than..,hardly…when…,notonly…butalso,notonly…but…aswell,neither…nor…,atnotime,bynomeans,undernocondition/circumstances,innocase,onnoaccount,nolonger/more
Nolongerisitnecessaryto…
NeverhaveIfoundhiminsuchagoodmood.
NeitheramIimpressedbythepaintingsnordoIlikethem.
Notuntilwesawmanydeadfishintheriverdidwerealizehowseriousthepollutionis.
Wedidn’trealize….untilwesaw…
Nosooner…than…
Bynomeanswill
NeverhaveI…
HardlyhadIpickedupthephonewhenhehungup.
Nowhereelsewillyoufindher.
Sheisnowheretobefound.
Notaworddidhesayabouthisvisittotheartmuseum.
Hedidn’tmention…atall.
2)Only修饰状语放在句首时。
〔O
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- M7M8 语法 重点难点 红色 标明
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