阅读理解分析划线部分词汇.docx
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阅读理解分析划线部分词汇.docx
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阅读理解分析划线部分词汇
细节题必背的三十个词。
dangerousadj.危险的disordern.混乱
huge1._________________flaw4_________________
icebergn.冰山temptationn.诱惑
makeinto做成monitorv.监视
takepartin2.___________criticn.批判家
apply3_____________chore5______________
unsureadj.不确定的presetv.预设
preference6_________________waistn.腰
abusev.虐待fallapart破坏
cathedraln.教堂takeup开始
estimate7____________spoilv.破坏
texturen.纹理wizardn.巫师
athleten.运动员decade10___________
paralyze8_________________inturn按顺序
endure9________________schemen.计划
分析划线部分词汇
1.词汇题作为每年的必考题目,常以提问划线部分的单词(word),短语(phrase)或者从句(clause)在句中的含义的方式出现。
2.解答词汇题时,分析词汇在句中是什么意思,选出和它意思最相近的答案。
此时就算出现生词或不熟悉的段落时,也不要紧张,根据上下文,猜测单词的含义。
3.如果平时积累大量的词汇,会有助于解题。
但是不要只背单个单词的含义,最好连同它的同义词一起背下来。
TypeofQuestions
根据文章猜测
1单词(word)的含义
2短语(phrase)或从句(clause)含义
3代词所指对象
⑴词汇类
.Theword“….."refersto/probablymeans________
.Theunderlinedword“….."couldbestbereplacedby________
→猜测大体含义,找出确切的词语
⑵段落类
,Bysaying“…”,wemean______
“…”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas______
→根据文章脉络,选出最贴切的词语
⑶代词类
Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"(Paragraph2)referto?
→找出指代的对象
问题攻略提示
在出现划线部分是什么意思的题时,一定很惊慌失措吧?
记住,此时,全国的考生大部
分也都不知道这个单词的意思。
这种题型,通常出题者会把能够猜测单词意思的线索
安插在那个单词的附近。
只要发现线索,就可以轻松解题。
但是如果能够拥有大量的
词汇量,就再好不过了。
Inarecentlypublishedbook,Icameacrosssomeexerciseswithinterestingnamessuchasfishbonediagrams,lotusflowers,andclustering.AsIusedtheseexercisesinmyclasses,Inoticedthatstudentswereinterested.Theysaidmoreandwrotemore.Theyenjoyedexpressingtheirideasandsharingthemingroups.Theywerenolongerpassivelywaitingforthebell,butactivelytookpartinthelesson.Ifindthatcreativity(创新)canactasawaytoincreaseparticipationandimprovefluency(流利程度).
Theunderlinedwords"waitingforthebell"inthefirstparagraphprobablymean_________.
A.longingforaphonecall
B.hopingtohaveabell
C.expectingtheendoftheclass
D.wantingtospeakinclass
Skimming全文,分析文章的流程
1根据词义,看选项,推测正确答案→②根据词语出现的相关句子给出的线索,猜测文章含义→③将猜测的答案代入文中,看文章是否通顺
①
Q划线的词(waitingforthebell)
A.longingforaphonecall
B.hopingtohaveabell
C.expectingtheendoftheclass
D.wantingtospeakinclass
将划线部分的词义记在心里,看选项挑选答案。
1.知道划线的词语含义时,转到战略3,不知道时,参考战略2。
2.左侧情况,不容易知遵问题“waitingforthebell"的意思,最好转到
战略2。
②
underline前1~2句
含有underline的句子确认underline出现的上下文
underline后1~2句
~分析含有划线部分的句子和这个句子的前后句(3~5句)。
1.出题者通常将能够猜测划线部分的线索,放在划线部分附近。
2.浏览上一页正文,“waitingforthebell”和“activelytookpartinthelesson"由but连接,因此可以猜测两者意思相反。
由些知道bell的意思和下文有关。
③
文章
waitingforthebell
在句意上意思相近
Theunderlinedwords“waitingforthebell”mean…?
C.expectingtheendoftheclass
将猜测的答案代入文中,看是否通顺。
1.从选项中,选出一个认为正确的答案“expectingtheendoftheclass”代入上页问题中的下划线后,文章能耐,因此是正确答案。
A知道划线部分的意思时
知道划线部分的意思,和选项对比,选出意义最接近的,代入句中,看是否通顺。
Thebuildingwascompletelydestroyedbyfire.
A.collectedB.ruinedC.located…
划线部分destroy有破坏的意思,ruin接近此意代入到destroy的位置,看句子是否通顺。
B不知道划线部分的意思时
1.观察上下句,找出出题者给出的下划线附近的线
索。
出题者通常通过下列标志给出线索
(1)句子前后的逻辑结构:
but,similar等
(2)附加说明:
关系词,状语从句,分词等
(3)同位语关系提示:
dash(-),comma(,),semicolon(;),or等
(4)例子:
suchas,forexample等
2.根据前缀和后缀猜测词义。
Theysaymostofourdietshouldcomefromcarbohydratessuchasbreads,cereals,rice,andpasta.通过suchas知道breads,cereals,rice,andpasta是carbohydrates的举例说明,因此知道carbohydrates是碳水化合物。
dis+approval=disapproval
反对的赞成反对
前缀
C下划线是代词时
1.代词通常代替前面提到过的名词。
2.此类型题通常文中出现两个以上的人或物,因此要认真区别。
3.确认代词的形态后,缩小对象范围。
(1)单数还是复数
(2)是物还是人
(3)是人时,是男还是女
Transfatsareverydangerousandtheyincreasetotalcholesterollevel.theyblockupthebloodvessels.Asaresult,thebloodstreaminthemisnotsmooth.
划线部分them是复数,因此有可能的是“transfats”和“bloodvessels"。
此时在them位子上代入“bloodvessel”时,语句通顺,因此可以知道them在文中指“bloodvessel”。
Thecoyote(丛林狼),thatcleveranimalofwide-openspaceshascometothenation'scapital.Infact,coyoteshavespreadtoeverycorneroftheUnitedStates,changingtheirbehaviorstofitnewenvironmentsandcausingresearcherstodealwithatroublesomenewkindofcreature:
thecitycoyote.
Thecoyoteoriginallylivedinthemiddleofthecontinent.Oneofitsmostobviouscharactersisitssmartness,whichhasmadetheanimalanotorious(臭名昭著的)pest.Hunterstrapped,shotandpoisonedmorethanamillioncoyotesinthe1900s.It'sstilloneofAmerica'smosthuntedanimals.Yetthecoyotehassurvived.Howhasthecoyoteshownthisextraordinaryability?
"Iguessifyouwantedtouseoneword,it'dbe'plasticity'."saysErieGese,anexpertatUtahStateUniversity.Coyotescanlivealone,inpairs,orinlargepackslikewolves;huntatnightorduringtheday;occupyasmallregionoranareaupt040squaremiles,andliveonallsorts
offood,fromlizards(蜥蜴)andshoes,toantsandmelons.
-以下省略–
Theunderlinedword"plasticity"inParagraph2refersto_.
A.theabilitytofittheenvironment
B.notorioussmartness
C.huntingability
D.beinghuman-tolerant
①推测分析划线部分的词义
1划线部分的单词plasticity表示适应性,弹力等。
假设我们不知道这个单词的词义。
②分析相关句子
1根据相关句子提供的线索,分析句意。
从plasticily下面出现的句子中可以看出coyote可以以多种形式生存,用semicolon(;)表示plasticity的同位语,因此可以推出A是正确答案。
③代入猜测的答案,进行确认。
1将选项A代人下划线,语句通顺。
JuanitoEstrellahasbeenahousekeepingmanagerontheUS-basedlargepassengershipCarnivalSpiritfor18monthsandfeelshehasfoundthesuitablepositioninhiscareer(职业).Hehasalwayswantedtotravel."IguessIamareallyrestlessspirit.Iliketraveling,sowhenthechancecame,Ijumpedatit."hesays.
Thechancecameintheformofanewspaperadvertisementforworkoncruiseships(游船).AtthetimeEstrellawasthehousekeepingmanagerataMelbournehotel.Heappliedandaftertwointerviews,amedicalcheckandpoliceclearance,thejobwashis.
Estrellaisresponsible(负责的)forthecleanlinessoftheship,makingsurethat160crewworkproperly."Ienjoyitbecausethereisnootherwork-youwakeupeachdayinadifferentplaceandadifferentculture.It'sexcitingwhenyougotothenextcountryandyoudon'tunderstandthelanguage."hesays.
Estrellalikesbeingbusyandgettingtoknowpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thel,000crewcomefrom94countries,andEstrellahaslearntSpanishandalittleCroatian.
Butthereisadownside."Youcannotgetreallydrunk,becauseyouhavesafetyresponsibilitiestoyourselfandothers."hesays."Youdon'treallythinkabouthome.Youstarttothinkabouthomeonlywhenyougetclosertoyourvacationandwonderwhatyou'llbedoing."
Lifeontheshipisanythingbutcruising.Estrellaandhisfellowsworkatleast10hoursaday,7daysaweek.Hewarnsthejobisnotforeverybody."Youhavetolovebeingbusyandbe
preparedtoworkeverydayandtogiveupdrinkingtoomuchalcohol."Inhissparetime,iftheshipsailsintoaport,Estrellaexploresit,otherwiseheworksoutinthecrew'sgym,goesontheinternetorcallshome.
1WhatdoweknowaboutEstrella?
A.Heisveryfondoftraveling.
B.Hedoesn'tdrinkwinenow.
C.Hecannotspeakaforeignlanguage.
D.Heusedtobeahousekeepingmanager.
2Theunderlinedword"downside"inparagraph5probablymeans____.
A.disappointmentB.disadvantage
C.failureD.loss
3Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Estrelladoesn'toftenfeelhomesickbecauseofhiswork.
B.Theworkontheshipisnotsuitableforamarriedperson.
C.Estrellacanfindnootherjobexcepttheoneontheship.
D.Thepeopleontheshiparefrom94countries.
4Inthelastparagraph,thewriterthinksthatlifeontheshipis_______.
A.notatiringjourneyatall
B.justaninterestingvoyage'
C.farfromavoyageforpleasure
D.morethanapleasanttravelbysea
Themanlooksuncomfortable.Heisnotspeaking.Hisgirlfriendkeepsaskinghim,"What'swrong?
""Nothing."hereplieseachtime.Youmustbefamiliarwiththiskindofscene.RomanticcomediesandTVdramasoftenshowthiskindofrelationshipproblem.Suchproblemsamongcouplesoftenresultfromnotunderstandingtheirpartner'scommunicationstyle.
Psychologistshavefoundsomebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexesinthewaysthattheycommunicate.Firstly,womentypicallyprefertotalkabouttheirfeeling,whilementendtowithdraw.Forexample,whenacouplehasaproblem,awomanwilltypicallytrytosolvetheproblembytalkingaboutitwithherpartner.Aman,ontheotherhand,isusuallymoreinclinedtosolvetheproblemalone.Hethereforeremoveshimselffromthesituation,ortriestogetawayfromthewomantobebyhimself.
Secondly,menandwomenrespondtoeachotherdifferently.Bothmenandwomenareverygoodatreadingtheirpartners'feelings.Thedifferenceisintheirreactions.Women,psychologistssay,arereceptiveandresponsive.Thismeansthattheyactuallyfeelwhattheirpartnerisfeeling.Incontrast,menunderstandtheirpartners'feelings,butdon'tactuallyfeelthemthemselves.Forexample,ifawomanisstressed,herpartnerwillrecognizeitbutwon't
becomestressed.
InthebookMenAreFromMars,WomenAreFromVenusbyJohnGray,menandwomenaredescribedasoriginallybeingfromdifferentplanets.Asaresult,theynaturallyhavedifferentstylesofthinking,behaving,andcommunicating.Thesefundamentaldifferencescancausemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Themostimportantthingforahealthyrelationshipistorealizeandunderstandthesedifferences.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Itisimportanttorelievestressimmediately.
B.Womenhavebettercommunicationskillsthanmen.
C.Menandwomenexpresstheiremotionsindifferentways.
D.Acoupleshouldspendmoretimetalkingwitheachother.
2Whichisclosetinmeaningtowithdraw?
A.communicate.B.distanceoneself.
C.takeout.D.protect.
3WhydoesthewritermentionthebookMenAreFrom
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