第二册第三课教案.docx
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第二册第三课教案.docx
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第二册第三课教案
Lesson3MoreCrimeandLessPunishment
II.BackgroundKnowledge
IntheUnitedStates,thereisaprincipleguidingacriminalcourt:
thecourtmustprovetheaccusedperson’sguiltbeyondareasonabledoubt.Inotherwords,theaccusedisheldinnocentuntilprovedguilt.Reasonabledoubtreferstothedoubtthatcouldariseinthemindofanordinary,impartial,honest,reasonableandcautiouspersonwithreferencetotheaccused’sguilt.
Intheory,theconceptofholdingtheaccusedinnocentuntilprovedguiltymakessurethatacaseisnotmisjudgedandthataninnocentpersonisnotunjustlytreated.However,thismayhelpcriminalstoescapepunishment.Ifacriminalisveryrich,hecanhireverycompetentlawyerstodefendhim.Ifhislawyersareexperiencedandsteepedinthelaw,andreadytodefendanyoneformoney,itwouldn’tbedifficultforthemtopickholesinthetestimonyofthewitnessesandraise“reasonable”doubts.
III.ListorWordsandExpressions
gettoughwith,criminal,amountto,offense,lockaway,severity,harsh,cutoff,execute,deter,theotherwayaround,decline,gainadmissionto,exclusive,prior,onthewhole,makelittlesense,blame…for,convict,chargeof,illustratemypoint,prosecute,dueto,witness,gainrelease,makeroomfor,measuredagainst,gainvoters’approvalfor,beunwillingto,inanygivenyear,underparole,adropinthebucket,workout,feasible,facedwith(35)
IV.WordsandExpressions
1tough
adj.
1)verystrict,firm;severe;harsh<+on/with>
Mymotherwasverytoughonme.
It’stimetogettoughwithdrunkdrivers.
TheEUistakingatoughlinewiththeUKovertheissue.
2)difficulttodoordealwith
Shehashadatoughlife.
Thecompanyadmittedthatithadbeenatoughyear.
Thereporterswereaskingalotoftoughquestions.
Thefamilyhashadatoughtime(ofit)theselastfewmonths.
3)(offood)difficulttocutoreat
Themeatwastoughandhardtochew.
1criminal
adj.
1)of,involving,orhavingthenatureofcrime:
criminalact;criminalattempt;criminalpsychology
2)Relatingtotheadministrationofpenallaw.(contrastedwithcivil)
criminalcases;criminalaction[suit](damage破坏罪/negligence过失罪)
criminallaw刑法;acriminaloffence刑事犯罪
n.onethathascommittedorbeenlegallyconvictedofacrime
ahabitualcriminal惯犯,awarcriminal战犯
1household
n.allthepeoplewholivetogetherinonehouse
Agrowingnumberofhouseholdshaveatleastonecomputer.
Thewholehouseholdwas/wereupearly.
adj.
1)of,relatingto,orusedinahousehold
householdappliances电气用具/goods/products/items/chores家务杂活
2)commonlyknown;familiar
CocaColaisahouseholdnamearoundtheworld.
1theft
n.theactoraninstanceofstealing(ofsth)
Hewasputinprisonfortheft.
Whenshediscoveredthetheftofherbag,shewenttothepolice.
Hewaschargedwiththeftofstateproperty
theftproofadj..防盗的
1amountto:
1)beequaltoinquantityormeaning;
Hisdebtsamounttofivethousanddollars.
Thisamountstoarefusal.
2)becomesuccessful,makeprogress,inlife
Heissuretoamounttonothingifhegoesonlikethis.
1estimate
v.tocalculateapproximately(theamount,extent,magnitude,position,orvalueofsomething).
Iestimateherageat35.
n.
Myestimateofhisabilitieswaswrong.
Ataroughestimate,thereareabout500hundredpeoplehere.
Synonyms:
estimate;appraise;assess;assay;evaluate;rate
Synonymdiscrimination:
estimate;appraise;assess;assay;evaluate;rate
1)Theseverbsmeantoformajudgmentofworthorsignificance.
2)Estimateusuallyimpliesasubjectiveandsomewhatinexactjudgment:
It’sdifficulttoestimatethepossibleresultsinadvance;
Icouldonlyestimatethesizeofthecrowd.
3)Appraisestressesexpertjudgment:
Heappraisedthefurnitureandworksofartbeforedistributingthemtotheheirs.
4)Assessimpliesauthoritativejudgmentinsettingamonetaryvalueonsomethingasabasisfortaxation:
assessinganapartmentontheamountforwhichitislikelytoberented.
5)Assayreferstocarefulexamination,especiallytochemicalanalysisofanoretodetermineitsquality,fineness,orpurity:
cutaminutepieceofftheingottoassayit.
6)Inextendedsensesappraise,assess,andassaycanrefertoanycriticalanalysisorappraisal:
appraisedhischaracterandfoundhimwanting;
assessingtheimpactofhighertaxesonlower-incomehouseholds;
hasnomethodforassayingmerit.
7)Evaluateimpliesconsideredjudgmentinascertainingvalue:
evaluatingastudent'sthesisforcontentandorganization;
usedteststoevaluateheraptitudes.
8)Rateinvolvesdeterminingtherankorgradeofsomeoneorsomethinginrelationtoothers:
WillhistoryratePicassoaboveRenoir?
1offense(AmE);offence(BrE)
n.
1)theactofwrongdoing,especiallyofbreakingthelaw;crime
Drivingwhiledrunkisaseriousoffense.
Punishmentofafirstoffenseisafine.
2)hurtingone’sfeelings
Don’tbeupsetbywhathesaid–hemeantnooffence.
3)somethingthatcausesdispleasure
Thedirtyoldhouseisanoffensetotheeye.
Synonyms:
offense;crime;sin;error
SynonymDiscrimination:
offense;crime;sin;error
1)Thesenounsarerelatedindenotingaviolationoraninfractionofamoral,social,orlegalcode.
2)Offenseappliesmostbroadly
ThephrasebetweenyouandIisoftenconsideredanoffenseagainstproperusage.
Juvenilesconvictedofcriminaloffensesaresenttoreformatories.
3)Crimerefersbothtoanactcommittedoromittedinviolationofandpunishablebylawandtoaseriousorgraveoffense:
reason,bribery,orotherhighcrimesandmisdemeanors
Isitacrimetolovetoowell?
4)Asinisatransgressionofreligiousormorallaw;morelooselyitappliestosomethingregardedasbeingutterlywrong:
Thesinsofthefathersaretobelaiduponthechildren.
TheonlydeadlysinIknowiscynicism?
5)Errorisdeparturefromwhatismorallyright;thetermoftensuggestsbadjudgmentorlackofawarenessratherthanwillfulviolation:
Allmenareliabletoerror;andmostmenareundertemptationtoit.
offendv.
1)tocausedispleasure,anger,resentment,orwoundedfeelingsin
Hewasoffendedat[by]myremarks.
2)tobedispleasingordisagreeableto:
Someofthesebuildingsreallyoffendtheeye
Onionsoffendmysenseofsmell.
3)totransgress;violate,dowrong:
<+against>
Heoffendedagainstgoodmanners
4)toresultindispleasure:
Badmannersmayoffend.
5)toviolatearuleorlaw:
InwhatwayhaveIoffended?
offendern.:
criminal’;law-breaker
firstoffender
offensiveadj.
1)causingoffence;unpleasant
offensiveremarks/smells
2)oforforattacking
offensiveweapons
offensiven.:
continuedmilitaryattack
TheUnitedStatesledamassivemilitaryoffensive
1supervison
n.process,orfunctionofsupervising.
Thehousewasbuiltunderthecarefulsupervisionofanarchitect.
supervisev.
Synonyms:
supervise;boss;overlook;oversee;superintend
SynonymDiscrimination:
supervise;boss;overlook;oversee;superintend
Thecentralmeaningsharedbytheseverbsistohavethedirectionandoversightoftheperformanceofothers
supervisedateamofinvestigators;
bossedaconstructioncrew;
overlookingfarmhands;
overseeingplumbersandelectricians;
superintendahouseholdstaff.
2severity
n.theactoraninstanceofseverebehavior,especiallypunishment.
Hisfatherpunishedhimwithseverity.
Wedidn’trealizetheseverityofherillness.
severeadj.
1)unsparingorharsh,asintreatmentofothers;strict.
Heisasevereteacher
2)veryseriousorbad
Hisinjurieswerequitesevere.
TheU.S.facessevereeconomicproblems.
Thestormcausedseveredamage.
3)extremelydifficulttoperformoraccomplish;trying:
Thenegotiationwillbeaseveretestofhisabilities.
Severelyadv.
Thetownwasseverelydamagedinthewar.
Parentsdon’tpunishtheirchildrensoseverelythesedays.
2harsh
adj.
1)extremelysevereorexacting;stern;tough
aharshpunishment
2)harshconditionsaredifficulttoliveinandveryuncomfortable
harshwinter/whether/climate
3)(sound)unpleasantlyloudandrough
aharshvoice/laugh/tone,etc;
harshlyadv.
“Shutup,”Harrysaidharshly
harshnessn.
2executev.
1)toputintoeffect;carryout:
Themanagerassistantcameheretoexecuteafewsmallcommissionsforthemanager.
Heaskedhisnephewtoexecutehiswill.
2)toputtodeath,especiallybycarryingoutalawfulsentence.
executeamurderer
executionn.executiveadj&n.chiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)
3deter
deterred;deterring;deters;
v.topreventordiscouragefromacting,asbymeansoffearordoubt
Weneedseverepunishmentstodeterpeoplefromdealingindrugs.
deterrentadj.遏制的,威慑的
Doyouthinkthethreatofpunishmenthasadeterrenteffect?
deterrencen.
4decline
v.
1)decreaseinquantityorimportance
Spendingoninformationtechnologyhasdeclined.
Afterthewar,thecitydeclinedinimportance.
2)saynopolitelywhensomeoneinvitesyousomewhere,offersyousomething,orwantsyoutodosomething拒绝
MarydeclinedTom’sinvitationtodinner.
Theministerdeclinedtocommentabouttheprogressofthepeacetalk.
3)becomegraduallyworseinquality;deteriorate(恶化)
Herhealthhasbeendeclinedprogressivelyforseveralmonths.
n.adecreaseinthequality,quantityorimportanceofsomething
Therehasbeenadeclineinthesizeoffamilies.
Therehasbeenarapid/sharp/steep/dramaticdeclineinunemployment.
There’sawidelyheldbeliefthateducationalstandardsareindecline(falling).
4admission
n.
1)righttoenter;access.
Hegainedtheadmissiontothebar[美]获准当律师
2)Thepricerequiredorpaidfor
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