ComparisonandContrast.docx

ComparisonandContrast.docx

《ComparisonandContrast.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ComparisonandContrast.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

ComparisonandContrast

ComparisonandContrast

比较和对照的写作方法

ABriefIntroduction

Definitionsofcomparisonandcontrastcomparison:

Youareaskedtoexplainhowtwoormorethingsarealike.

Contrast:

Youareaskedtoexplainhowtwoormorethingsaredifferent.

一．目标：

掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；

二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:

1.块状比较方式（blockpresentationorthesubject-by-subject），先A后B，即A1,A2,A3...；B1，B2，B3...。

2.逐点比较方式（alternatingpresentationorthepoint-by-point），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。

Comparisonandcontrastisamethodthatisoftenusedbywriterstoanalyzethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentwosubjects.Tocompareistobringoutthesimilaritiesbetweentwothings，andtocontrast，whichisaformofcomparison，istoemphasizethedifferencesbetweenthem.Asaresult，wecanunderstandthetwosubjectsbetterthanwewoulddoifwejustexaminethetwoindividually.

　　Inwritingacomparisonandcontrastessay，youmayemphasizeeitherthesimilaritiesorthedifferencesbetweenthetwosubjects，orifyoulike，youmayincludeinyouressayboththesimilaritiesanddifferences.Nomatterwhatyoumayemphasizeinyouressay，rememberyoushouldmakeapointinyouressay，thatis，thereshouldbeapurposeformakingthecomparisonandthecontrast.Ifthetwoitemsaretoosimilarortoodifferent，therewon’tbeanypointincomparingorcontrastingthem.

Threepurposesformakingacomparisonandcontrast:

　　A.Topresentinformationaboutsomethingunfamiliarbycomparingitwithsomethingfamiliar.

　　B.Toshowthesuperiorityofonethingbycomparingitwithanother.

C.Toshowthereaderofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesoftwothingstohelpthereaderunderstandorevaluatethem.

Theorganizationofacomparisonandcontrastessay：

A.Howtointroduceacomparisonandcontrastessay

Youcanintroduceyourcomparisonandcontrastessaybyexplainingclearyourpurposeformakingthecomparisonand/orcontrast.Youcanalsopresentthebackgroundinformationthatpromotesyoutowritetheessay.

B.Howtoorganizethebodyofacomparisonandcontrastessay：

Whenyoucometothebodyofacomparisonandcontrastessay，youshouldfollowthefollowingtwosteps：

Identifyingthepoints：

Ifyoudon’tknowwhatpointstocompareand/orcontrastaboutthesubjects，youcancreatealistofpotentialpointsforeachofthesubjects.Thenyoucanrearrangethesepoints.

2.Choosinganeffectivepatterntoorganizethesimilaritiesanddifferences.

a）Thesubject-by-subjectpattern：

topresenteachofthetwosubjectsseparately，thatis，topresentfirstaboutoneofthesubjects，coveringthepointscompletely，thenproceedtotheothersubject，alsocoveringallthepointscompletely.Ingeneral，thiswayworksbetterinshortessayswherefewaspectsareconsidered，orwherethewriter’sinterestisinthewhole.Itspatternislikethefollowing：

b）Thepoint-by-pointpattern：

todiscussthetwosubjectsforeachpointofcomparisonandcontrast，thatis，youwriteaboutthefirstpointintermsofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwosubjects，thenproceedtothenextpoint，andsoon.Thiswayispreferableinlongessayswheremanyaspectsarementioned，foralongdiscussionofthevariousaspectsofoneitemputstoomuchburdenonthereader’smemory.Itspatternislikethefollowing：

c）Thesim-diffpattern：

Thewriterputsallthesimilaritiesbetweenthesubjectstogetherandallthedifferencestogether.Thistechniqueissuitableforthosesubjectswhosesimilaritiesanddifferencesaremorebalanced.Inanessayusingthispatterntoorganizethebodypart，thewholeessaywillbearrangedinthefollowingway：

　　　　　　Introduction

　　　　　　Similarities

　　　　　　Differences

　　　　　　Conclusion

C.Howtoendacomparisonandcontrastessay：

Yourconclusionshouldhelpyourreadersdrawconclusions.Youmayproposeanaction，stimulatethereaderormakeageneralization.Youcanalsorestateyourpurposeinafreshway.

CountryLifeandCityLife

Itisreallyhardtosaywhichisbetterthantheother,citylifeorrurallife.Bothhavetheirmeritsandshortcomings.

Livinginthecityhasagreatmanyadvantages.First,youcanenjoyvariouskindsoffoods,bothforeignanddomestic.Second,therearemoreculturalactivitiesinthecity–youcangototheconcert,thetheatre,themoviesorthediscoclubafteraday’shardwork.Butcitylifehasmanyproblems,too.Theovercrowdedpopulation,trafficjam,industrialpollution,andthelackofunderstandingbetweenpeoplemayresultindiseaseandunhappiness.Livinginthecountry,however,youcanwatchthemagnificentsunriseandsunsetandlistentothebirdsinginginthetree.Ifyouwant,youcancertainlyhaveahugegardenwhenasmallgreenspaceseemsaluxuryinthecity.Inthecountry,youdon’thavesomuchworries.Youcanenjoythepleasureofworkbyplantingseedsintheearthandwatchingthemgrowintoflowersandfinallyintofruitsorfood.Butrurallifemaynotbethatperfect.Thingsaregoingsoslowlythatsometimesyoumayfeelthatyouareabsoluteleftbehindinsomeremotecornersoftheworld.Youmayagainmisstheparties,friendsandmoviesinthecity.

Likeanythingelse,countrylifeandcitylifehavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Thebestsolutionmaybethatyouenjoypleasuresofbothlivesandgetridoftheirinconveniences.

MiddleSchoolLifeandCollegeLife

Therearemanydifferencesbetweenmiddleschoolandthecollege.First，inmiddleschool，wehavetolistentowhattheteachersaysinclass,tounderstandthecontentofthetext.Butincollege，wemuststudybyourselvesbeforeclass.Ifnot，wecouldn'tfollowtheteacher.Second，therearelotsofrulesinmiddleschool.Forexample，weshouldweartheuniform，thegirlsmusthavetheirhaircutshort，andwearenotallowedtomakeboy-orgirlfriends.However，incollege，wehavemorefreedom.Wecanweartheclotheswelike.Andthegirlscouldhavelongbeautifulhair.Wearealsofreetomakeboyorgirlfriends.Thethird，inthemiddleschool，wemuststudyfirst.Thatmeanswecoulddonothingbutstudy.Incontrast，wehavetodoeverythingbyourselvesincollege.Thatmeanswemustplanourtimecarefully.Therearealsootherdifferencesbetweenourschoollifeandourcollegelife.Wehavetolearntoadaptourselvestocollegelife.

三．写作步骤

1.写前阶段：

写作提纲

1）对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。

如分析Onlineshoppingorin-storeshopping（网络购物还是店内购

Advantages

Disadvantages

Onlineshopping

Convenient;

Cheap;

Alotofselections

Cheated;

Cannotseetheitemsinperson;

In-storeshopping

Personal,talk;

Knowthequality;

Goodforhealth

Expensive;

Time-consuming;

tiring

2.写作阶段：

利用相关资料，组织结构与内容

1）Usefulwordsandphrases:

bycontrast,onthecontrary,while,whereas,ontheotherhand,unlike,instead,but,conversely,differentfrom,however,nevertheless,otherwise,whereas,unlike,yet,incontrast,evenso,less/more/faster...than,although,inoppositionto,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,ontheoppositeside

2）Usefulexpressions

Justlikeacoinhastwosides,everytinghasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,and…isnoexception.

Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages.

TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.

AmaybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagesthat...

Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.

Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.

AandBhasseveralpointsincommon.

AbearssomeresemblancestoB.

However,thesameisnotapplicabletoB.

AandBdifferinseveralways.

Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.

ThesameistrueofB.

WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.

ItistruethatA...,butthechieffaults（obviousdefects）are...

比较型作文常用句型

首段

Itiswidelyaccepted/anundeniablefactthat…

Thereusedtobeaheateddiscussionover…

Nowadays,therearetwowaysto…,suchasAandB.

Somepeopleprefer….,

whileothersinsistthat…T

hosewhoareinfavorofAarguethat…

ButIaminfavorof…/ButIprefertodo…/ButIagreewiththeformer/latterone

中立的观点：

Asforme,I‘minfavorofacombinationofAandB./IprefertocombineAandB.Personally,IprefertostrikeabalancebetweenAandB.

主体部分

Firstandforemost,…

What’smore,…

Lastbutnotleast,

Firstofall,…

Moreover,…

Mostimportantly,…

ItistruethatAis…,butB…

ThereareseveralstrongpointsofA.

TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB

However,theadvantagesofAoutweighitdisadvantages.

结尾段

Forthisreason,Ilikedoing….

Ofcourse,Ahasitsownmerits.

ButI’mstillinfavorofB.

3）UsefulWritingPatterns

（1）块状比较模板：

模板一

Itisreallyhardtosaywhichisbetterthantheother,AorB.Bothhavetheirmeritsandshortcomings.

Ahasagreatmanyadvantages.First,….Second,….Third,….WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.Firstofall,….Besides,….BisquitedifferentfromBinmanyways.Itspositivesidesareasfollows.Firstly,….Sencondly,….Likeanytingelse,Bhasitsfaults,suchas….

Evidently,bothAandBhavetheirpositiveandnegativeaspects.Thebestsolutionmaybethatyouenjoypleasuresofthebothandgetridoftheirinconveniences.模板二

Thetopicof____（主题）isbecomingmoreandmorepopularrecently.Therearetwosidesofopinionsaboutit.Somepeoplesay_A__istheirfavorite.Theyholdtheirviewforthereasonof______（A理由一）.What’smore,_____（A理由二）.Moreover,_____（A理由三）.

Whileothersthinkthat__B__isabetterchoiceinthefollowingthreereasons.Firstly,______（B理由一）.Secondly/Besides,______（B理由二）.Thirdly/Finally,______（B理由三）.

Formypoint