高考英语全国通用版优编增分二轮全国通用版试题专题2 阅读理解 第2节 九.docx
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高考英语全国通用版优编增分二轮全国通用版试题专题2 阅读理解 第2节 九.docx
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高考英语全国通用版优编增分二轮全国通用版试题专题2阅读理解第2节九
九、词句猜测——代词指代题
(2017·全国Ⅱ,B)
IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon’tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.
ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:
humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.
Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.
Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.
24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?
A.PaulNewmanwantedit.
B.Thestudiopowersdidn’tlikehisagent.
C.Hewasn’tfamousenough.
D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.
答案 C
解+析 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.”可知,电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人,由此可以判断,作者不够出名,故选C项。
25.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?
A.Theywereofthesameage.
B.Theyworkedinthesametheater.
C.Theywerebothgoodactors.
D.Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.
答案 D
解+析 推理判断题。
根据第二段最后两句可知,作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心,并互开对方的玩笑,即他们两人有相似的性格,故选D项。
26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?
A.Theirbelief.
B.Theircareforchildren.
C.Theirsuccess.
D.Theirsupportforeachother.
答案 A
解+析 代词指代题。
根据第三段第一句“Wesharedthebeliefthat...”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知,画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起,故选A项。
27.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.
B.Torememberafriend.
C.Tointroduceanewmovie.
D.Tosharehisactingexperience.
答案 B
解+析 写作意图题。
本文是按照时间顺序写的,从作者与保罗的最初相见,到友谊慢慢加深,以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗,由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友,故选B项。
一、题型解读
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多,动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。
有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
设问形式常有:
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?
(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inParagraph...refersto“”.
二、解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代
第一步:
明确代词所指代内容的位置
代词永远出现在原词之后,故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中,或者前几句中。
第二步:
熟悉代词的含义
(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。
(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。
(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词,非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。
第三步:
替换核实再比较
(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词,核实句意是否合理,前后内容是否一致。
(2)比较所代部分与选项,确定意思最接近的选项。
例如:
【真题感悟】中第26题,sharingthat与前面的sharedthebelief呼应,由此可推知,拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友;thebelief替换that后,经核实意义正确,故选A项。
A
(2018·河南新乡二模)
Throughoutthepastfewyears,Ihavetriedtogivemyselftoothers.IhavebouncedaroundtofindwhereItrulyfitin.IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala,anorphanage(孤儿院),withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential:
7makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品).Ilivedliketheydid.Itwasthemostrelaxingfeelingintheworld.
WhenatNuestrosPequenosHermanos,weweregiventhetaskofcreatingapig8pen.Atfirst,Ithoughtitshouldbeeasy.Afterarrivingattheareawherethepigpenshouldbe,wesawahill.Weweretoldto1uproottheweedsaswellasleveltheentirearea.Lookingatit,wefeltitwouldbeimpossible.Onmyownfaithjourney,Ihavefeltthistypeofdoubtbefore.The“hole”,aswereferredto,isasymbolofmyfaithjourney.Itappearedtobean2obstacleIcouldnotovercome,butintheendIcompleteditwithefforts.Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.
I’vealwaysstruggledtobeonajourneyoffaith,butI’venevercompletelysteppedfootontothepathuntilGuatemala.I’vealwaystriedtoopenmyhearttoeveryonearoundmeandgivethemmylove.IfeelasthoughIcutopenmyheartandshareeverybitofloveIhadwiththeseorphans.ThereisoneorphannamedCetowhowillalwaysremainveryclosetomyheart.InGuatemala,Isponsorwiththirtydollarsamonth,butitdoesn’tseemenough.I’llreturntherenextsummerandgivemoreofmyloveforawholemonth.
Whenitwastimetoleave,Ilookedoutofthewindowandsawnotjustordinarychildren.Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间,改变了自己的生活,从而改变了自己的人生。
1.Whatresultedintheauthor’sdecisiontoliveanewlife?
A.Desiretohelpothers.
B.Decreaseinhisincome.
C.Aknowledgeoftheorphans’life.
D.Awarenessofthedifficultyinhislife.
答案 C
解+析 细节理解题。
根据第一段第三、四句可知,作者了解到孤儿的生活之后,决定改变自己的生活。
故选C。
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?
A.Removingthedoubt.
B.Uprootingtheweed.
C.Startingthefaithjourney.
D.Creatingthepigpen.
答案 D
解+析 代词指代题。
根据画线词后面的“Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.”可以猜测出,it代指建造猪圈这件事。
故选D。
3.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisexperienceinGuatemala?
A.Itwasregretful.
B.Itwasmeaningful.
C.Itwasinteresting.
D.Itwasfrightening.
答案 B
解+析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出,作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。
故选B。
4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?
A.AStepintoaNewWorld
B.AnAwfulFaithJourney
C.AGreatSuccessinLife
D.AReturnofConfidence
答案 A
解+析 标题归纳题。
根据最后一段中的“Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出,在危地马拉期间,作者改变了自己的生活,从而改变了人生。
故用AStepintoaNewWorld作为本文的标题最佳。
故选A。
B
(2018·内蒙古包头一模)
Vinegarisgreat.Itmakessalad,friesanddumplingstastebetter,andyoucanevencleanyourwindowswithit.Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience(CSRS)inJapanprovedthat.Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture,worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.
ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸盐)—themain3componentofvinegar.
Afterdiscoveringthis,thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.
It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment,wetargetedthe4staplefoodsoftheworld—rice,wheatandmaize...andprovedsuccessful,”JongMyongKim,co-authorofthestudy,toldPopularSciencemagazine.
Kimhasalreadybeenintouchwithpeoplearoundtheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromfarmerstocompaniesand5amateurgardeners.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewiththemtomakeamethodtoapplythissystem,andmaketheprocessassimpleaspossible,”hesaid.Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.
语篇解读 本文是一篇科普类文章。
文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象:
给植物加点“醋”,植物就能变得更耐旱……
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1referto?
A.Vinegarmayhelpcreaturessurvivebadweather.
B.VinegarisfoundinplantsbyJapanesescientists.
C.Vinegarisveryusefulforcookingagoodmeal.
D.Vinegarismainlyusedbypeopletocleanhouses.
答案 A
解+析 代词指代题。
根据画线词前一句“Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。
故选A。
6.ScientistsinJapanfindfromtheirstudiesthat.
A.theArabidopsiscouldsurviveindryweatherbecauseoftheshape
B.soilconditioncouldbechangedbypouringvinegarcontinually
C.theacetatecanbeusedbyfarmerstoreplacethesoil
D.theplantstreatedwithacetatecouldsurvivedryconditions
答案 D
解+析 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.”可知,在酸性环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。
故选D。
7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.It’stoodifficultforfarmerstoacceptthemethod.
B.Howtodecreasethecostisthemainissue.
C.Themethodis6promisingespeciallyinagriculture.
D.Keepingplantsalivemeansalotforscientists.
答案 C
解+析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.”可以推断出这种方法尤其在农业上很有前景。
故选C。
8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.JapaneseScientistsFindaPlant
B.VinegarCouldEndHunger
C.VinegarandFood
D.PlantsNeedWater
答案 B
解+析 标题归纳题。
根据全文大意可知,科学家研究发现醋更能够让植物适应各种恶劣气候,提高粮食的产量,从而消除饥饿。
所以用VinegarCouldEndHunger作为题目较为合适,故选B。
Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子,并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1.Thismorningwhenwewerewalkingalongthestreetandfoundmanyfallentreeswhichhavebeenuprootedbythestorm.连根拔起;根除
2.Mostcompetitioncarswillonlyrolloveriftheyhitanobstacle.障碍;障碍物
3.Hydrogenisakeycomponentoffuelcells.组成部分,成分
4.WheatmaybePakistan’sstaplefood,andmilkyteaisthenationaldrink.主要的
5.Atthetime,IwasplayingasanamateurforCambridgeUniversityagainstprofessionalcountyteams.业余爱好者
(二)同义词语替换
6.We’retryingtobringalongseveralpromisingyoungfootballplayers.hopeful
(三)一词多义
7.makeupn.化妆品;组成
(1)Eventhegeneticmakeupofthevirusisunderdebate.组成
(2)Normallysheworelittlemakeup,butthiseveningwasclearlyanexception.化妆品
8.penv.撰写;关(人或动物);n.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈;钢笔
(1)Theanimalswerepennedupincages.关(人或动物)
(2)Ireallyintendedtopenthislettertoyouearlythismorning.撰写
(3)Takeapieceofpaperandapenandtrytofigureouthowyouknowwhenyourvaluesarefulfilled.钢笔
(4)Apenisasmallareawithafencearounditinwhichfarmanimalsarekeptforashorttime.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈
Ⅱ.长难句理解
1.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential:
makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品).
[句式分析] 本句话是一个并列句,第一个and前的简单句是主系表结构;第二、三个and后的简单句与前面的句子主语一致,故省略了主语I,且这两个简单句为主谓宾结构;thatwasn’tessential:
makeupandanyothersortofluxury为定语从句,修饰限定everything。
[精美译文] 因为听了关于他们生活的很多故事,我感动得留下了眼泪,开始质疑自己的生活方式并且放弃了所有不必要的东西:
化妆品和其他的奢侈品。
2.Afterl
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