英国文学专业术语翻译.docx
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英国文学专业术语翻译.docx
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英国文学专业术语翻译
01.Humanism(人文主义)
HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance(文艺复兴).2>itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.
02.Renaissance(文艺复兴)
Theword“Renaissance”means“rebirth”,itmeantthereintroductionintoWesternEuropeofthefullculturalheritageof$2and>theessenceoftheRenaissanceisHumanism.Attitudesandfeelingswhichhadbeencharacteristicofthe14thand15thcenturiespersistedwelldownintotheeraofHumanismand>therealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandramawithWilliamShakespearebeingtheleadingdramatist.
03.Metaphysicalpoetry(玄学派诗歌)
Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohn>witharebelliousspirit,theMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlove>thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicalperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommon>theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.
04.Classism(古典主义)
Classismreferstoamovementortendencyinart,literature,ormusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancient$2and$2.Classicismemphasizesthetraditionalandtheuniversal,andplacesvalueonreason,clarity,balance,andorder.Classicism,withitsconcernforreasonanduniversalthemes,istraditionallyopposedtoRomanticism,whichisconcernedwithemotionsandpersonalthemes.
05.Enlightenment(启蒙运动)
EnlightenmentmovementwasaprogressivephilosophicalandartisticmovementwhichflourishedinFranceandsweptthroughwesternEuropeinthe18th>themovementwasafurtherance(助长)oftheRenaissancefrom14thcenturytothemid-17th>itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartistic>itcelebratedreasonorrationality,equalityandscience.Itadvocateduniversal>famousamongthegreatenlightenersin$2werethosegreatwriterslikeAlexanderpope.JonathanSwift.
06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)
Inthefieldofliterature,theenlightenmentmovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassical>thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.TheNeoclassicistsheldthatformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRomanwriterssuchasHomerandVirgilandthoseofthecontemporaryFrench>theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.
07.TheGraveyardSchool(墓地派诗歌)
1>TheGraveyardSchoolreferstoaschoolofpoetsofthe18thcenturywhosepoemsaremostlydevotedtoasentimentallamentationormeditationonlife.Pastandpresent,withdeathandgraveyardasthemes.
2>ThomasGrayisconsideredtobetheleadingfigureofthisschoolandhisElegywritteninacountrychurchyardisitsmostrepresentativework.
08.Romanticism(浪漫主义)
1>Inthemid-18thcentury,anewliterarymovementcalledromanticismcametoEuropeandthento$2.
2>itwascharacterizedbyastrongprotestagainstthebondageofneoclassicism,whichemphasizedreason,orderandelegantwit.Insteadromanticismgaveprimaryconcerntopassion,emotion,andnaturalbeauty.
3>Inthehistoryofliterature.Romanticismisgenerallyregardedasthethoughtthatdesignatesaliteraryandphilosophicaltheorywhichtendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllifeandexperience.
4>theEnglishromanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Thisprevailedin$2from1798to1837.ThemajorromanticpoetsincludeWordsworth,Byron,andShelley.
09.ByronicHero(拜伦式英雄)
Byronicheroreferstoaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnoble>withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers,thisByronicHerowouldcarryonhisshoulderstheburdenofrightingallthewrongsinacorruptsociety.Andwouldrisesingle-handedlyagainstanykindoftyrannicalruleseitheringovernment,inreligion,orinmoralprincipleswithunconquerablewillsandinexhaustible>Byron’schiefcontributiontoEnglishliteratureishiscreationofthe“ByronicHero”
10.CriticalRealism(批判现实主义)
CriticalRealismisatermappliedtotherealisticfictioninthelate19thandearly20th>Itmeansthetendencyofwritersandintellectualsintheperiodbetween1875and1920toapplythemethodsofrealisticfictiontothecriticismofsocietyandtheexaminationofsocial>Realistwriterswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeopleanddescribedwhatwasfaithfulto>CharlesDickensisthemostimportantcriticalrealist.
11.Aestheticism(美学主义)
ThebasictheoryoftheAestheticmovement---“artforart’ssake”wassetforthbyaFrenchpoet,TheophileGautier.thefirstEnglishmanwhowroteaboutthetheoryofaestheticismwasWalter>aestheticismplacesartabovelife,andholdsthatlifeshouldimitateart,notartimitatelife.3>Accordingtotheaesthetes,allartisticcreationisabsolutelysubjectiveasopposedtoobjective.Artshouldbefreefromanyinfluenceofegoism.Onlywhenartisforart’ssake,canitbeimmortal.Theybelievedthatartshouldbeunconcernedwithcontroversialissues,suchaspoliticsandmorality,andthatitshouldberestrictedtocontributingbeautyinahighlypolished>ThisisoneofthereactionsagainstthematerialismandcommercialismoftheVictorianindustrialera,aswellasareactionagainsttheVictorianconventionofartformorality’ssake,orartformoney’ssake.
美学运动的基本原则”为艺术而艺术”最初由法国诗人西奥费尔.高缔尔提出,英国运用该美学理论的第一人是沃尔特.佩特.美学主义崇尚艺术高于生活,认为生活应模仿艺术,而不是艺术模仿生活.在美学主义看来,所有的艺术创作都是绝对主观而非客观的产物.艺术不应受任何功利的影响,只有当艺术为艺术而创作时,艺术才能成为不朽之作.他们还认为艺术不应只关注一些热点话题如政治和道德问题,艺术应着力于以华丽的风格张扬美.这是对维多利亚工业发展时期物质崇拜的一种回应,也是向艺术为道德或为金钱而服务的维多利亚传统的挑战.
Victorianperiod(维多利亚)
Inthisperiod,thenovelbecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostvitalandchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.Whilestickingtotheprincipleoffaithfulrepresentationofthe18thcenturyrealistnovel,novelistsinthisperiodcarriedtheirdutyforwardtocriticismofthesocietyandthedefenseofthe>althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwithdifferenttechniques,theysharedonethingincommon,thatis,theywereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople.Theywereangrywiththeinhumansocialinstitutions,thedecayingsocialmoralityasrepresentedbythemoney-worshipandUtilitarianism,andthewidespreadmisery,povertyand>theirtruthfulpictureofpeople’slifeandbitterandstrongcriticismofthesocietyhaddonemuchinawakeningthepublicconsciousnesstothesocialproblemsandintheactualimprovementofthe>CharlesDickensistheleadingfigureoftheVictorianperiod.
13.Modernism(现代主义)
Modernismiscomprehensivebutvaguetermforamovement,whichbegininthelate19thcenturyandwhichhashadawideinfluenceinternationallyduringmuchofthe20th>modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoretical>thetermpertainstoallthecreativearts.Especiallypoetry,fiction,drama,painting,musicand>inEnglandfromearlyinthe20thcenturyandduringthe1920sand1930s,inAmericafromshortlybeforethefirstworldwarandonduringtheinter-warperiod,modernisttendencieswereattheirmostactiveand>asfarasliteratureisconcerned,Modernismrevealsabreakingawayfromestablishedrules,traditionsandconventions.Freshwaysoflookingatman’spositionandfunctionintheuniverseandmanyexperimentsinformandstyle.Itisparticularlyconcernedwithlanguageandhowtouseitandwithwritingitself.
14.Streamofconsciousness(意识流)(orinteriormonologue)
Inliterarycriticism,Streamofconsciousnessdenotesaliterarytechniquewhichseekstodescribeanindividual’spointofviewbygivingthewrittenequivalentofthecharacter’sthoughtprocesses.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisstronglyassociatedwiththemodernistmovement.Itsintroductionintheliterarycontext,transferredfrompsychology,isattributedtoMaySinclair.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisusuallyregardedasaspecialformofinteriormonologueandischaracterizedbyassociativeleapsinsyntaxandpunctuationthatcanmaketheprosedifficulttofollow,tracingastheydoacharacter’sfragmentarythoughtsandsensoryfeelings.FamouswriterstoemploythistechniqueintheEnglishlanguageincludeJamesJoyceandWilliamFaulkner.
学术界认为意识流是一种通过直接描述人物思维过程来寻求个人视角的文学写作技巧。
意识流是现代主义运动的体现,它首先出现在心现学领域,由梅.辛克拉提出的,后引进文学领域。
意识流写作通常被认为是一种特殊形式的内心独白.它的特别是联想性,以句法和标点的跳跃,文章的晦涩难懂为特征.来表现人物的片断思维和感官性直觉.比较著名的使用此技巧的有乔伊斯.福克纳
18.theAgeofRealism(现实主义时期)
1).RealismwasareactionagainstRomanticismandpavedthewaytoModernism;
2).Duringthisperiodanewgenerationofwriters,dissatisfiedwiththeRomanticideasintheoldergeneration,cameupwithanewinspiration.Thisnewattitudewascharacterizedbyagreatinterestintherealitiesoflife.Itaimedattheinterpretationoftherealitiesofanyaspectoflife,freefromsubjectiveprejudice,idealism,orromanticcolor.Insteadofthinkingaboutthemysteriesoflifeanddeathandheroicindividualism,people’sattentionwasnowdirectedtotheinterestingfeaturesofeverydayexistence,towhatwasbrutalorsordid,andtotheopenportrayalofclassstruggle;
3)sowritersbegantodescribetheintegrityofhumancharactersreactingundervariouscircumstancesandpicturethepioneersofthefarwest,thenewimmigrantsandthestrugglesoftheworkingclass;
4)MarkTwainHowellsandHenryJamesarethreeleadingfiguresoftheAmer
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