高考英语 阅读理解试题及答案.docx

高考英语 阅读理解试题及答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解试题及答案

2020-2021高考英语阅读理解试题（及答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   AstudypublishedinthejournalSciencerevealsthatsince1970,birdpopulationsintheUnitedStatesandCanadahavedeclinedby29percent,oralmost3billionbirds.Theresultsshowtremendouslossesacrossdiversegroupsofbirdsandhabitats-fromiconicsongsterssuchasmeadowlarkstolong-distancemigrantssuchasswallows.

   "Thesedataareconsistentwithwhatwe'reseeingelsewhere,"saidcoauthorPeterMarra,formerheadoftheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter.It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecausethedominoeffects（多米诺效应）canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependonforourownhealthandlivelihoodsandbecausepeopleallovertheworldcherishbirdsintheirownright.Canyouimagineaworldwithoutbirdsong?

"

   Evidenceforthedeclinesemergedfromdetectionofmigratorybirdsintheairfrom143NEXRADweatherradarstationsacrossthecontinentinaperiodspanningover10yearsaswellasfromnearly50yearsofdatacollectedthroughmultiplemonitoringeffortsontheground.Citizen-scienceparticipantsalsocontributedalot,fortheanalysisincludedcitizen-sciencedatafromtheNorthAmericanBreedingBirdSurveycoordinatedbytheCanadianWildlifeService-themainsourcesoflong-term,large-scalepopulationdataforNorthAmericanbirds.

   Thestudynotedthatthelargestfactordrivingthesedeclinesislikelythewidespreadlossanddegradationofhabitat,especiallyduetoagriculturalintensificationandurbanization.Otherstudieshavedocumenteddeathfrompredation（捕食）bydomesticcats;collisionswithglass,buildings,andotherstructures;andpervasive（普遍的）useofpesticidesassociatedwithwidespreaddeclinesininsects,anessentialfoodsourceforbirds.Climatechangeisexpectedtocompoundthesechallengesbyalteringhabitatsandthreateningplantcommunitiesthatbirdsneedtosurvive.

   "It'sawake-upcallthatwe'velostmorethanaquarterofourbirdsintheU.S.andCanada,"saidcoauthorAdamSmithfromEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada.Butthecrisisreachesfarbeyondourindividualborders.ManyofthebirdsthatbreedinCanadianbackyardsmigratethroughorspendthewinterintheU.S.andplacesfarthersouth-fromMexicoandtheCaribbeantoCentralandSouthAmerica.Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:

bringingourbirdsback.

（1）Theunderlinedword"decay"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto____.

A.improvement

B.worsening

C.changed

D.threat

（2）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Newfindingsoftheresearch.

B.Applicationsoftheresearch.

C.Datasourcesoftheresearch.

D.Methodsoftheresearch.

（3）WhatAdamSmithsaidmainlyimpliesthat___________.

A.birdpopulationsinAmericaandCanadadroppedbyaquarter

B.thebirdpopulationcrisisisnotjustwithinindividualborders

C.thereislittleindividualscandotohelpincreasebirdpopulations

D.thesolutiontosolvingthecrisisneedsinternationalcooperation

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。

发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究显示，美国和加拿大的鸟类数量已经下降了，鸟类和栖息地都遭受了巨大的损失，作者根据研究数据来说明解决这些问题迫在眉睫，需要全人类共同努力拯救鸟类。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecausethedominoeffects（多米诺效应）canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependonforourownhealthandlivelihoods”可知，解决持续的威胁迫在眉睫，人类依赖生态系统以生存和保持健康，这里的威胁指多米诺效应会破坏人们的生态系统，可以判断多米诺效应会让生态系统恶化，故选B。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第三段“在过去10年中，在整个非洲大陆143个天气雷达站对候鸟的探测，以及通过在当地进行的多次监测工作收集到的近50年的数据......公民科学参与者也做出了很大贡献，分析北美繁殖鸟类调查数据，这是北美鸟类长期、大规模数据的主要来源。

”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的数据来源，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:

bringingourbirdsback.”可知，鸟类现在需要的是一项历史性的、半球性的努力，把人们和组织团结起来实现一个共同目标：

把鸟类带回来，所以解决这个危机需要国际合作，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。

考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Atfirst,MichaelSurrelldidn'tseetheblacksmokeorflamesshootingfromthewindowsofhisneighbors'home.HeandhiswifehadjustparkedaroundthecornerfromtheirownhouseinAllentown,Pennsylvania,whentheygotacallfromoneofhisdaughters,"Thehousenextdoorisonfire!

"Hewenttoinvestigate.That'swhenhesawtwowomenandagirlhysterical（歇斯底里的）ontheirporch.

   "Thebaby'sinthere!

"oneofthewomencried.Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell,then64,instinctivelyraninside."Thebaby"was8-year-oldTiaraRoberts,thewoman'sgranddaughterandaplaymateofSurrell'sthreeyoungestkids,then8,10,and12.TheothertwoontheporchwereTiara'sauntandcousin.

   Enteringtheburninghousewaslike"runningintoabucketofblackpaint,"Surrellsays.Thethicksmokecausedhimtostumbleblindlyaround,burnedhiseyes,andmadeitimpossibletobreathe.Theconditionswouldhavebeenhazardousforanyone,butforSurrell,whohaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease（慢性阻塞性肺疾病）,theywerelife-threatening.Hewasthelastpersonwhoshouldhaverunintoaburningbuilding---hehaslungdisease.Butthatdidn'tstophim.

   Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,heretreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath."WhereisTiara?

"heaskeddesperately."Thesecondfloor."herauntshoutedback.

   Surrellknewhecouldn'tholdhisbreathforlong.Soheutteredalittleprayer,"Well,Lord,thisisit.Yougottahelpme,becauseI'mnotcomingoutwithoutthatlittlegirl."Takingadeepbreath,hewentinasecondtime.

   Thedarknesswasoverwhelming.Yetbecausethehousehadasimilarlayouttohis,hefoundthestairsandmadeittothesecondfloor.Heturnedtotherightandwasmetbyintenseheat.Hewasalreadyoutofbreath.

   "Babygirl,whereareyou?

"Histhroatandlungsburnedasifhe'dinhaledfireinsteadofthesmokeandsootintheair.Everyblinkstunghiseyes.Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingandpoppingofburningwood.①.Stillunabletosee,Surrellfelltohiskneesonthehotwoodfloor.Hecrawledtowardthesound,feelingaroundforanysignofthegirl.Anominousthoughtcrossedhismind:

I'mprobablygonnadieuphere.

   Finallyhetouchedsomething.Ashoe,thenanankle.HepulledTiaratowardhim.②Herbodywaslimpandshewasn'tbreathing.Hescoopedherintohisarmsandstood.Hefelttheheatoftheflamesonhischeeks.Turning,hefoughtthroughthesmokeandranblindlyintotheblackness.Thenextthingheknew,hewasatthefrontdoor,thenoutside.SurrellputTiaradownontheporch.

   ③.Avoicetoldhim,"Youhavetobreatheforher."HestartedCPR-thefirsttimehe'deverdoneso.Thewomenstoodbehindhim,prayingsilently.Soonasoot-filledcoughcamefromTiara'sthroat.Surrellgavefivemorebreaths.Shecoughedagain.Hereyesflickered.Hegaveonefinalbreath.Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown.

   ④.Theireyesmet.Surrellhuggedhertightandsaid,"Uncle'sgotyou."Soonafter,histhroatclosedoff.

   Surrellwokeupinthehospitalacoupleofdayslater,havingsufferedsevereburnstohiswindpipeandtheupperportionofhislungs.Hespentoveraweekinthehospital.Tiarawasreleasedfromthehospitalafterafewdays.ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition,andhefeelstheeffectseventwoyearslater.Asaresult,hetakesextramedicationthathelpsopenhisairways."It'sasmallpricetopay,"hesays."I'ddoitagaininaheartbeat.Wouldn'tgiveitasecondthought."

（1）MichaelSurrellrantosave"thebaby"mainlybecause______.

A.hewasonthescenecasually

B.hewasdrivenbyinstinct

C.hisdaughterwasindanger

D.hisownhousewasatrisk

（2）WhyshouldSurrellbethelastpersontorunintoaburningbuilding?

A.Thefiredepartmenthadbeencalled.

B.Hewas64yearsoldatthattime.

C.Theconditionwaslife-threatening.

D.Hehadchronicpulmonarydisease.

（3）Inthecourseofrescue,Surrell______.

A.hadtomoveoutforbreathbecauseofsmoke

B.waspreventedbytheoverwhelmingsmoke

C.madeittothesecondfloorwithoutanytrouble

D.couldclearlyhearthesoundmadebythebaby

（4）Whichblankcouldthesentence"Thenaweakbutdistinctvoiceemerged"bebestputin?

A.①

B.②

C.③

D.④

（5）Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat______..

A.Surrellcamebacktolifeaweeklater

B.Tiarahadtostayinhospitalforweeks

C.Surrell'sdiseasebecamemoreserious

D.Tiaraneededfurtherextramedication

（6）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.BreatheforHer

B.Struggletosurvive

C.Asmallpricetopay

D.Amanwithlungdisease

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

（5）C

（6）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顾个人安危去邻居家着火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他对自己所做的从不后悔。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell,then64,instinctivelyraninside.”虽然已经给消防队打电话了，但当时64岁的萨雷尔还是本能地跑了进去，可知Surrell跑进去救婴儿是因为本能驱使，这里instinctively本能地是instinct的副词形式，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“butforSurrell,whohaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease（慢性阻塞性肺疾病），theywerelife-threatening”但对于患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的Surrell来说，当时的火势对他来说是危及生命的，所以Surrell是最不应该冲进着火大楼的人，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,heretreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath.”在烟雾弥漫的房子里呆了几分钟后，他退到外面喘口气，可知在烟雾弥漫的房子里救人，期间Surrell不得不出来喘口气，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

第一个空前“Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingandpoppingofburningwood.”他只能听到燃烧木头的噼噼啪啪声，选项A“Thenaweakbutdistinctvoiceemerged”然后出现了一个微弱但清晰的声音，句子中的Then在时间上承接前一句，空格后一句“Stillunabletosee”还是看不见，承接选项A“一个微弱但清晰的声音”，可以判断听到声音但还是看不见人，故选A。

（5）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition.”大火加剧了Surrell的肺部疾病，可知Surrell的病情变得更严重了，故选C。

（6）考查主旨大意。

根据倒数第三段中的“Avoicetoldhim,‘Youhavetobreatheforher.’HestartedCPR...Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown.