第四讲 顺藤摸瓜 猜中词句猜测题.docx
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第四讲 顺藤摸瓜 猜中词句猜测题.docx
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第四讲顺藤摸瓜猜中词句猜测题
第四讲 顺藤摸瓜 猜中词句猜测题
[题型概述]
词句猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词(块)或句子的能力,这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程,即利用上下文的已知部分[尤其是该词(块)或句子前后的内容]进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测。
考查范围涉及:
单词意义理解、词块意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。
[解题步骤]
技法1 词(块)猜测题——语境逻辑猜词义
[示例] (2018年11月·浙江高考·阅读C节选)
ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.I’mnotquiteinterestedinBalzac,say,or“TristramShandy.”There’salwaysWarandPeace,whichI’vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes,onlytoget__bogged__downinthe“War”part,setitasideforawhile,andrealizethatIhavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain,havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsocialrank.Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite—oncemoreinto“TheWaves”or“Justine,”whichfeelsalmostlikecheating,tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature.
28.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getboggeddown”inparagraph2mean?
A.Getconfused.
B.Becarriedaway.
C.Beinterrupted.
D.Makenoprogress.
★试题特点
词(块)猜测题主要考查考生猜测文章中某个生词、短语或词块的含义,或考查该词(块)能被哪个单词、短语或词块代替。
此外,也会涉及某一个熟词在不同语境中的不同含义。
★解题思路
Step1:
查找——快速查找与猜测相关的信息句(画波浪线句)
Step2:
详读——作者在读“战争”部分时几次合上书,把书放一边,之后不得不再次从头开始阅读。
Step3:
尝试解答——由信息句可判断出,句中画线的“getboggeddown”指的是陷入困境,停滞不前,没有进展。
与makenoprogress同义,故选D。
★名师点津 干扰项一般有以下几种情况:
(1)词(块)的字面意思;
(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容;
(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。
技法2 句意猜测题——意义吻合定句意
[示例] (2017年6月·浙江高考·阅读A节选)
Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.
The__cat’s__lot__was__about__to__improve.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin’scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.
22.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?
A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.
B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.
C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.
D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.
★试题特点
句意猜测题一般出现在句式复杂或意义含蓄的长难句或高度概括句中,要求考生用合适的语句解释这一长难句或高度概括句。
★解题思路
Step1:
查找——快速查找与猜测相关的信息句(画波浪线句)
Step2:
详读——本杰明剪猫的毛来制作画笔,导致猫惨遭“破相”。
本杰明的堂兄Pennington给他送来了颜料和画笔。
Step3:
尝试解答——由信息句可推断出,画线句说明“猫的命运得到了改善”,隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”,故选D。
★名师点津
首先要理解句子前后的语境,其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断,最后再归纳总结。
一般来说,正确选项的意思与原句“意义吻合”,只是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达而已。
技法3 代词猜测题——就近原则猜代词
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读C节选)
Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.
It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.
29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?
A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.
B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.
C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.
D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.
★试题特点
代词猜测题主要考查文章中的人称代词、不定代词、指示代词或关系代词的指代内容。
★解题思路
Step1:
查找——快速查找该代词所代替的内容(画波浪线句)
Step2:
详读——在美国爵士乐的听众数量正在减少,爵士乐未能受到年轻一代的欢迎。
Step3:
尝试解答——JasonMoran的工作就是要帮助改变这一现象,由此可猜测出,that指代“爵士乐不受年轻人欢迎”这一现象,故选C。
★名师点津
就近原则
向上(有时向下)搜索,找最近的名词、词组或句子等
代入替换该指代词,看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺,并最终确定最佳答案
专练一 细节理解题
A
(2019·浙江名校协作体联考)
MadisonSquareGarden(MSG),aplaceforworldfamouseventsinNewYorkCity,hasactuallybeenagroupofbuildingsindifferentspotsratherthanasinglebuildinginonespot.In1874,P.T.BarnumthrewopenBarnum’sMonsterClassicalandGeologicalHippodrome(BMCGH)atthecornerofMadisonAvenueand26thStreet,acrossfromMadisonSquarePark.Twoyearslater,bandleader
PatrickGilmoreleasedthebuilding,addedstatuesandfountains,andrenameditGilmore’sGardens.WhenWilliamKissamVanderbilttookbackcontrolofthebuilding,itwasrenamedMadisonSquareGardenin1879.
AnewgrandMadisonSquareGardenwasbuiltatthesamespotin1890,withaballroom,arestaurant,atheater,arooftopgarden,andamainhallwithseatingfor8,000.However,thiscomplexMadisonSquareGardenlasteduntil1925whenitwastorndowntomakewayforafortylevellandmark.
WhenthesecondMadisonSquareGardenhadbeenreplacedinitsspotacrossfromMadisonSquarePark,theboxingpromoterTexRickardbuiltanewMadisonSquareGarden.ThisnewMadisonSquareGardenwasconstructedinadifferentplace,on8thAvenuebetween49thand50thStreetsandquitesomedistancefromMadisonSquareParkandMadisonAvenue.Rickard’sMadisonSquareGardenservedprimarilyasanarena(场地)forboxingprizefightsandcircuseventsuntilitlostitsusefulnessbythelate1960s.
AnewspotwasfoundagainforMadisonSquareGarden,withPennsylvaniaStationtobebuiltunderground.PlanswereannouncedfortheconstructionofMadisonSquareGardenin1960.Thisbuilding,whichincludesahugesportshall,abowlingcenter,a5,000seatarena,andatwentyninelevelofficebuilding,doeskeepthetraditionalnameMadisonSquareGarden.However,itdoesn’tlienearMadisonSquare,nordoesithavetheflowerygardensthatcontributedtotheoriginalname.Butitstillhoststhehistorymakingmomentsatpresentastheformerones.
【语篇解读】 本文属于说明文,主要介绍了麦迪逊广场花园的历史变迁,包括它的建筑时间、地点以及功能的变化。
1.WhichparagraphdiscussesthethirdconstructionofMSG?
A.Thefirstparagraph.B.Thesecondparagraph.
C.Thethirdparagraph.D.Thelastparagraph.
答案 C [细节理解题。
根据第三段内容可知,第二代MSG被拆后,TexRickard修建了第三代MSG,接着下文还介绍了第三代MSG的位置离麦迪逊广场公园和麦迪逊大道有相当远的一段距离。
所以涉及第三次建造MSG的内容在文章第三段。
]
2.Whatcanbeinferredabouttoday’sMSGfromthetext?
A.ItisonMadisonAvenue.
B.Ithasunbelievablegardens.
C.It’sacrossfromMadisonSquarePark.
D.Itisaboveatransportationcenter.
答案 D [细节理解题。
题干问的是如今的MSG,将信息定位在最后一段,该段中“Anewspotwasfound...tobebuiltunderground”谈到了如今麦迪逊广场花园的地点,也就是宾夕法尼亚车站上面,故本题选D。
]
3.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.MSGwasalwaysnamedafteranearbypark.
B.MSGhasavariedhistoryinvariousspots.
C.MSGishometomanydifferentsportingevents.
D.MSGalwayshoststhehistorymakingmoments.
答案 B [主旨大意题。
结合全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了麦迪逊广场花园的历史变迁,包括不同时期的建筑地点以及功用的变化,故选B。
]
B
(2019·学军中学模拟)Althoughtraditionalhomesecurityserviceremainspopular,newsmarttechnologieshavemadeiteasyforpeopletosetuptheirownsystems.WiFicamerasareparticularlypopularamonghomesecurityprojects,andalthoughthereareanumberofsecuritycameramakersinthemarket,thenewSimCam—asuccessfulcrowdfunding(众筹)projectnowonKickstarter—isapromisingnewcomerthatoffersitsinterestingedgeovercompetitors.
WhileotherWiFisecuritycamerascanwinthe“smart”titlethankstofeatureslikeWiFiconnectivityandappbasedcontrolinterfaces(界面),theSimCamisthefirsttofeatureAIdesignedforfacialrecognitionandpetmonitoring.ThisisaccomplishedbyanIntelMovidiussightprocessingunitwhichfeaturesmachinelearningtechnologythatallowsittorememberfriendlypeople,monitorspecificobjectsandplaceswhichyoucanselect,andtellpetsandotherharmlessmovementtopreventfalsealarms.
Itisrobustaswell:
ItsbodyisIP65waterproofratedandmadeofwearresistantmaterial,meaningyoucanfixitbothindoorsandout.What’smore,thesensorrecordsHDvideoin1080pandisabletomonitorthingsatnight.ItsspeedyWiFiconnectivityallowsforquickrealtimevideofeedsandphotowarningsaswell.
Betterstill:
Unlikemanyotherhomesecurityprojects,theSimCamrequiresnomonthlypayments—buyit,fixit,andyou’reset.ItusesSDcardsratherthanacloudserviceforstoringvideoandimages.Notonlydoesthisremovetheneedfor“cloudfees”,italsoprotectsyourprivacyasphotosandvideoofyourhomearenotbeingsentandstoredelsewhere.
ThecampaignhasalreadyblownpastitsfundinggoalsonKickstarter(currentlyatover$200,000,wellbeyonditsoriginal$30,000target).Ifyou’relookingtoimproveyourhomesecuritysetupandareinthemarketforanewWiFicameraortwotoprotectyourcastle,thentakeanimmediateaction.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
文中介绍了有关保证家庭安全的新型科技产品——SimCam,它有面部识别和宠物监控的独特功能。
4.WherecanyoufindtheSimCam’suniquefunctions?
A.Inparagraph1.B.Inparagraph2.
C.Inparagraph3.D.Inparagraph4.
答案 B [细节理解题。
文章第二段提到了“WhileotherWiFisecuritycamerascan...andpetmonitoring”,指出SimCam独特的功能是面部识别和宠物监控,故本题应选B项。
]
5.Whichcanbestexplain“robust”underlinedinparagraph3?
A.Valuable.B.Complex.
C.Intelligent.D.Strong.
答案 D [词义猜测题。
根据画线词后面的“ItsbodyisIP65waterproofrated...bothindoorsandout”可知,SimCam很结实耐用,故strong“坚固的,结实的”符合题意。
]
6.HowdoestheSimCampreventprivacyexposure?
A.BykeepingitsdatainSDcards.
B.Bycodingthevideoandimages.
C.Byusingaspecialcloudservice.
D.Byremovingtheneedforcloudfees.
答案 A [细节理解题。
根据第四段中的“ItusesSDcards...andstoredelsewhere”可知,SimCam保护隐私的方式是它不用云储存服务而是把图片和录像存在SD卡中。
]
C
(2019·北京四中模拟)In2013,GabbyFrostfoundedBuddyProjectwhenshewas15.Atthattime,herbestfriendhadbeendiagnosed(诊断)withamentalhealthcondition,andthatwasthefirsttimeshewasmadeawareofwhatmentalillnesswas.Shewantedtolearnmoreanddevelopagoodsupportsystemforher.
MentalillnessaffectstensofmillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStateseachyear,yetonlyhalfreceivetreatment,accordingtotheNationalInstitutesofMentalHealth.BuddyProject’swebsitesaystheserviceisnotasubstitutefortherapy(治疗)orothertypesofmentalhealthcare,anditdirectspeopletoresourcesforfurtherhelp.
Sincefoundingtheorganizationasahighschoolstudent,Frosthashelpedmorethan200,000participantsfindanewfriend.OnthedaywhenBuddyProjectwaslaunched,sheusedherpowerfulsocialmediapresencetoattractnearly3,000participants.“Thiswasaroundthetimewhenteensreallybegantalkingaboutmentalhealthandfoundasupportivecommunityon
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