新理念综合教程BOOk4单元测试1.docx
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新理念综合教程BOOk4单元测试1.docx
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新理念综合教程BOOk4单元测试1
Thesoaringnumberofgender-bendingchemicalsintheenvironmenthasdisturbingfertilityimplicationsforhumansandwildlife,scientistsarewarning.Theysaywildanimalsarebeing"feminised"byahostofcommonman-madepollutantswhichmimicthefemalesexhormoneoestrogenandescapeintoseas,rivers,theearthandairwhenwasteisdisposedof.Thechemicals--foundinfoodpackaging,cleaningproducts,plastics,sewageandpaint--causegenitaldeformities,reducespermcountandeventurnmalesintofemales.Dozensofspecies--includingpolarbears,fish,whalesandotters--aresuffering,accordingtotheenvironmentalgroupChemTrust.Fishhavebeenbadlyhitbyman-madegender-bendingchemicals.Inonestudy,halfthemalefishinBritishlowlandrivershadsignsofbeingfeminised.Butallvertebrates--orcreatureswithbackbones--havesimilarsexhormonereceptorsintheirbodies."Therefore,observationsinonespeciesmayservetohighlightpollutionissuesofconcernforothervertebrates,includinghumans,"thereportsays.
Itsauthor,GywnneLyons,aformergovernmentadviseronchemical-pollution,said:
"someUrgentactionisneededtocontrolgender-bendingchemicalsandmoreresourcesareneededformonitoringwildlife.""Ifwildlifepopulationscrash,itwillbetoolate.Unlessenoughmalescontributetothenextgenerationthereisarealthreattoanimalpopulationsinthelongterm."SomestudieshaveshownthatspermcountsintheWesthavefallenoverthepast30years.Othershaveshownariseinboysbornwithgenitaldeformities.Communitiesheavilypollutedwithhormone-disruptingchemicalsinRussia,CanadaandItalyhaveproducedtwiceasmanygirlsasboys.
PassageTwo
Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlysincethepasttwodecades.TherapiddestructionofthetropicalrainforestswhicharetheecosystemswiththehighestknownspeciesdiversityonEarthhasawakenedpeopletotheimportanceandfragilityofbiologicaldiversity.Thehighrateofspeciesextinctionsintheseenvironmentsisjolting,butitisimportanttorecognizethesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityinallecosystems.Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestoexpand,itwillnegativelyaffectoneafteranotherofEarth'secosystems.Interrestrialecosystemsandinfringemarineecosystems(suchaswetlands),themostcommonproblemishabitatdestruction.Inmostsituations,theresultisirreversible.Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasthedisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste;inlessthantwocenturies,bysignificantlyreducingthevarietyofspeciesonEarth,theyhaveunraveledconsofevolutionandirrevocablyredirecteditscourse.
Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth'shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred.Theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbysomephysicalevent,eitherclimaticorcosmic.Therehavealsobeenlessdramaticextinctions,aswhennaturalcompetitionbetweenspeciesreachedanextremeconclusion.OnlypercentofthespeciesthathavelivedonEarthhavesurvivedtothepresent,anditwaslargelychancethatdeterminedwhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout.
However,nothinghaseverequaledthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment.Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves,thatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation.LifeonEarthhascontinuallybeeninfluxasslowphysicalandchemicalchangeshaveoccurredonEarth,butlifeneedstimetoadapt—timeformigrationandgeneticadaptationwithinexistingspeciesandtimefortheproliferationofnewgeneticmaterialandnewspeciesthatmaybeabletosurviveinnewenvironments.
26.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage
A.TheVarietyofSpecies
B.TheRapidDestructionoftheTropicalRainForest
C.Species'AdaptationtoNewEnvironment
D.TheImpactofHumanActivitiesonEarth'sEcosystems
正
正确答案:
D
得分:
2分
27.Accordingtothepassage,howdohumansdestroymarineecosystems
A.Throughshippingalotofgoods.
B.Throughdisposalandrunoffpoisonouswaste.
C.ThroughdestroyingEarth'secosystem.
D.Throughhuntingfish.
请根据需要填入Script:
正确答案:
B
得分:
2分
28.Whatdetermineswhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout
A.Slowchemicalchanges.
B.Impactofhumanactivities.
C.Chance.
D.Somephysicalevent.
请根据需要填入Script:
正
确答案:
C
得分:
2分
29.Whatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation
A.Climaticorcosmicevent.
B.Chemicalchange.
C.Therateofchangehumansareinflicting.
D.Physicalchange.
请根据需要填入Script:
正确答案:
C
得分:
2分
30.Thenaturalevolutionarychangeisdifferentfromchangecausedbyhumansinthatit____.
A.isirreversible
B.affectstheecosystem
C.occursatafasterrate
D.occursatamuchslowerrate
请根据需要填入Script:
正
确答案:
D
得分:
2分
VocabularyandStructure
请根据需要填入Script:
Directions:
Eachofthefollowingsentencesisprovidedwithfourchoices.Choose
Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinueoccur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixing(把…固定)legalresponsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon(放任).Attemptstopreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeennetbylawsuits,personalandindustrialdenialandlongdelays—notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.
Itseemsthatonlywhengovernmentdecidesitcanaffordtaxincentivesorproductionsacrificesisthereanyinitiativeforchange.Whereisindustry’sandourrecognitionthatprotectingmankind’sgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibilityIfevertherewillbetimeforenvironmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrontlinesandprovideleadershiptosolveenvironmentalproblems,thattimeisnow.
Wearebeingasked,and,infact,thepublicisdemandingthatwetakepositiveaction.Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference.Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.
Wemustrecognizethatenvironmentalhealthissuesdonotstopatcitylimits,countylines,stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearlytopreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.
Ibelievewehaveathree-partmissionforthepresent.First,wemustcontinuetopressforimprovementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecanmakeforthemselves.Second,wemustinvestigateandunderstandthelinkbetweenenvironmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.
1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregardenvironmentalprotectionchieflybecause________.
A)theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoing
B)theyarereluctanttosacrificetheirowneconomicinterests
C)timehasnotyetcomeforthemtoputdueemphasisonit
D)itisdifficultforthemtotakeeffectivemeasures
2.Themaintasknowfacingecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationistsis________.
A)topreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandpersuasion
B)toarousepublicawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection
C)totakeradicalmeasurestocontrolenvironmentalpollution
D)toimprovethequalityoflifebyenforcingenvironmentalstandards
3.Theword“tunnel-visioned(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablymeans“________”.
A)narrow-minded
B)blindtothefacts
C)short-sighted
D)abletoseeonlyoneaspect
4.Whichofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,shouldplaytheleadingroleinthesolutionofenvironmentalproblems
A)Legislationandgovernmentintervention.
B)Theindustry’sunderstandingandsupport.
C)Theeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionals.
D)Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists.
5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph
A)Effortsshouldbeexertedonpollutionpreventioninsteadofonremedialmeasures.
B)Moremoneyshouldbespentinordertostoppollution.
C)Ordinarycitizenshavenoaccesstotechnicalinformationonpollution.
D)Environmentaldegradationwillbestoppedbytheendofthisdecade.
参考答案:
1ThewordnatureisderivedfromtheLatinwordnatura,meaning"essentialquality,""origin,""innatedisposition",
2Naturaoriginallyrelatedtotheintrinsiccharacteristicsthatplants,animals,andotherfeaturesoftheworlddevelopoftheirownaccord.[1][2]Theconceptofnatureasawhole,thephysicaluniverse,isoneofseveralexpansionsoftheoriginalnotion;3Withinthevarioususesofthewordtoday,"nature"mayrefertothegeneralrealmofvarioustypesoflivingplantsandanimals,
4andinsomecasestotheprocessesassociatedwithinanimate
5objects–thewaythatparticulartypesofthingsexistandchange
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