高考调研选修八单元卷2.docx
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高考调研选修八单元卷2.docx
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高考调研选修八单元卷2
单元测试卷
(二)
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共100分)
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
(略)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Eversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990s,genticallymodified(GM,转基因)foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesintheworld,mainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems?
Evenifitwould,isitthebestsolution?
Despitewhatitpromises,GMtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotentialofanycorp.Infact,studiesshowthatthemostwidelygrownGMcrop,GMsoybeans,hassufferedreducedproductivity.Forinstance,areportthananalysednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmajorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.
Somethingelse,however,hasbeenontherise.WhileGMseedsareexpensive,GMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides(杀虫剂).Onthecontrary,USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.“Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.Butneitheristrue,”saidBillChristison,PresidentoftheUSNationalFarmCoalition.
Atthesametime,theauthorsofthebookWorldHunger:
TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproduction,butbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhile,theriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfood,accordingtoa2008WorldBankreport.
Asamatteroffact,scientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworld.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhunger,becausebetterwaysoutareavailable,amongwhich“green”farmingissupposedtobethefirstchoice.
21.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly________.
A.byclassificationB.bycomparison
C.byexampleD.byprocess
22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boost”inthethirdparagraphprobablymean?
A.Control.B.Evaluate.
C.Obtain.D.Increase.
23.GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom________.
A.practising“green”farmingB.useoflesschemicals
C.fairdistributionoftheircropsD.usingmorecropsforfuel
24.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsGMtechnology?
A.Optimistic.B.Defensive.
C.Disapproving.D.Casual.
答案与解析
【文章大意】转基因食品自20世纪90年代早期上市以来获得较快发展,但转基因技术是不是解决世界饥饿问题最好的方式呢?
21.答案C
解析推理判断题。
第二段主要说明转基因技术并未增加世界粮食产量,作者例举了一份报告来证明此论点,根据forinstance也可得知,作者本段采用的写作手法为“举例说明”。
22.答案D
解析词义猜测题。
由上文概括出,转基因公司承诺转基因技术会增加粮食产量,解决世界粮食危机,还可使农民节省买杀虫剂的费用,故boost为“增加”的意思。
由第二段...increasedtheproductionpotentialofanycrop.也可得知答案。
23.答案B
解析细节理解题。
第三段...GMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides.可知,转基因公司告诉农民,他们可以节省买杀虫剂的费用,以此获得更多利润。
24.答案C
解析推理判断题。
作者首先提出问题,然后论证转基因食品无法增加粮食产量,无法减少杀虫剂的使用量,无法解决世界粮食危机。
因此,作者对转基因技术的态度是“反对的或不赞成的(disapproving)”。
Cloningissuggestedasameansofbringingbackarelative,usuallyachild,killedunfortunately.Someparentscanunderstandthatwish,butitmustfirstberecognizedthatthecopywouldbeanewbabyandnotthelostchild.Hereliesthedifficulty,forthesadparentsareseekingnotanewbabybutareturnofthedeadone.Sincetheoriginalwouldbefondlyrememberedashavingparticulartalentsandinterests,wouldnottheparentsexpectthecopytobethesame?
Itispossible,however,thatthecopywoulddevelopquitedifferently.Isitfairtothenewchildtobeplacedinafamilywithsuchunnaturalexpectations?
Copyingisalsosuggestedasameansbywhichparentscanhavethechildoftheirdreams.Couplesmightchoosetohaveacopyofafilmstar,baseballplayerorscientist,dependingontheirinterests.Butbecausepersonalityisonlypartlytheresultofgeneticinheritance,conflictswouldbesuretoariseiftheclonedchildfailedtodevelopthesameinterestsastheoriginal.WhatifthecopyofEinsteinshowsnointerestinscience?
Orthebaseballplayerturnstoacting?
Successalsodependsonfortune.Whatifthechilddoesnotliveuptothehopesanddreamsoftheirparentssimplybecauseofbadluck?
Everychildshouldbewantedforitself,asaperson.Inmakingacopyofoneselforsomefamousperson,aparentispurposelyspecifyingthewayheorshewishesthatchildtodevelop.Inrecentyears,particularlyintheU.S.,muchimportancehasbeenplacedontherightofindividualstoreproduceinwaysthattheywish.SoIsuggestthereshouldbeagreaterneedtoconsidertheinterestsofthechildandtorejectthesesuggestedusesofcloning.
25.Theunderlinedpart“thedifficulty”inParagraph1refersto________.
A.cloningababyisdifficult
B.it’sdifficulttogivebirthtoanewbaby
C.thedeadchildcan’tcomebackagain
D.theclonedbabycan’treplacethelostchild
26.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthereasonswhycouplesusuallydecidetoclonebabiesis________.
A.tobringbackachildkilledunfortunately
B.toexchangetheirchildren
C.todevelopthesameinterestsastheirchild
D.tosucceedinmakingfortune
27.Theunderlinedsentence“Successalsodependsonfortune”inParagraph2impliesthat________.
A.theresultmaybeunpredictable
B.thechilddoesnotliveuptotheparents’hopes
C.theclonedchildfailstodevelopthesameinterestastheoriginal
D.thebaseballplayerturnstoacting
28.WecanNOTconcludethat________accordingtotheobservationmadebytheauthor.
A.it’simportanttoconsidertheinterestsofthechildratherthanthesuggestedusesofcloning
B.parentscan’texpecttogetthelostchildbackbycloninganewbaby
C.muchimportanceshouldbeplacedontherightofparentstoreproducebabiesinwaysthattheywish
D.everychildshouldbewantedasauniqueindividual
答案与解析
【文章大意】克隆技术现在得到了很好的应用。
能不能克隆孩子呢?
本文对这个问题进行了探讨,认为克隆小孩有很多困难,关键是克隆技术再好,也代替不了原来的孩子。
25.答案D
解析词义猜测题。
克隆小孩的困难在于“克隆小孩代替不了死去的小孩”,故选D项。
26.答案A
解析细节理解题。
根据第二段夫妻克隆小孩的原因有:
bringingbackarelative,usuallyachild,killedunfortunately,故A项正确。
27.答案A
解析句意理解题。
成功还要靠运气,暗示着结果不可预知。
28.答案C
解析推理判断题。
由最后一段...muchimportancehasbeenplacedontherightofindividualstoreproduceinwaysthattheywish可知,答案为C项。
Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?
Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperiences?
Strangelyenough,theanswertoboththesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgivenusatbirth,andnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.
Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfromthepopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetaketwoidenticaltwinstheywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.
Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplays.
Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatall,arelikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence.
29.Whichofthesesentencesbestdescribesthewriter’spointinParagraph1?
A.Tosomeextent,intelligenceisgivenatbirth.
B.Intelligenceisdevelopedbytheenvironment.
C.Somepeopleareborncleverandothersbornstupid.
D.Intelligenceisfixedatbirth,butisdevelopedbytheenvironment.
30.Itissuggestedinthispassagethat________.
A.unrelatedpeoplearenotlikelytohavedifferentintelligence
B.closerelationsusuallyhavesimilarintelligence
C.thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweenpeople,themoredifferenttheyarelikelytobeinintelligence
D.peoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachotherarenotlikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence
31.Brothersandsistersarelikelyto________.
A.havesimilarintelligenceB.havedifferentintelligence
C.gotothesameuniversityD.gotothesamefactory
32.Thebesttitleforthisarticlewouldbe________.
A.OnIntelligence
B.WhatIntelligenceMeans
C.WeAreBornwithIntelligence
D.EnvironmentPlaysaPartinDevelopingIntelligence
答案与解析
【文章大意】智商与什么有关系呢?
本文给出答案:
遗传和环境。
29.答案D
解析细节理解题。
根据第一段倒数第二句:
人的智力是一出生就固定的,但是能否达到那个极限,取决于他所在的环境,所以答案为D项。
30.答案B
解析细节理解题。
从第二段Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.和Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.以及最后一段可知B项正确。
31.答案A
解析细节理解题。
从第二段最后一句可知A项正确。
32.答案A
解析
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