宾语从句与高考真题.docx
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宾语从句与高考真题.docx
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宾语从句与高考真题
名词性从句
一.概念
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses).名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二.语序
所有名词性从句都是引导词(在最前)+陈述句语序(即:
主语在前,谓语在后.即使从句表达的是疑问含义).
Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.
Thephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.
HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.
三.引导词
引导名词性从句的引导词
类别
词义
在从句中的作用
从属连词that
无任何词义
仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分
从属连词whether和if(是否)
意为“是否”,表明从句意义的不确定性
起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分
关系代词who,whom,what,which,whose,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever
有各自自身的意义
起连接作用,并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等
关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever
有各自自身的意义
起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语
注意:
名词性从句引导词,只有that在引导主语从句后置时,以及在引导宾语从句时有时可以省.其它情况下,以及其它名词性从句引导词均不能省.
注意:
只有在引导宾语从句(有些情况下不能用if代替whether)以及whether引导主语从句后置时才可用if.其它情况下,以及引导其它名词性从句时均不能用if.
四.分类详解
主语从句
在句子中作主语的句子叫主语从句.
1.由从属连词that,whether引导的主语从句:
▲that引导主语从句放在句首时,that不可省.
Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall.(that不能省)
Thathewillsucceediscertain.(that不能省)
Thatheisstillaliveisawonder.(that不能省)
Thatthebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.(that不能省)
Thatshebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfather’sinfluence.(that不能省)
______youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(1992上海高考试题)
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
▲whether引导的主语从句一般位于句首.也可用it作形式主语,将其后置,此时whether可换为if.(if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将if引导的主语从句放到句末.)
Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.
Whethertheoldcoupleenjoythetripremainstobeproved.
Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.
Itwasaproblemwhethertheywouldsupportus.
Itremainstobeseenwhetheritwilldousharmorgood.
ItisuncertainifhewillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.
2.由关系代词who/whoever;whom/whomever(少);what/whatever;which/whichever;whose引导的主语从句.
Whowillthewinthescholarshipisunknown.
Whowillbesentabroadtofurtherhisstudiesisnotannounced.
Whomurderedthepresentisbeinginvestigated.
Whoevercomesiswelcome.
Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished
Whoeverbreaksthislawdeservesafine.
Whoeverwantstoseethisfilmcangowithustonight.
Whoeverhelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
Who/whomhewillworkwithisstillasecret.
Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.
Whoeveryoufellinlovewithhasnothingtodowithme.
whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever,因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用).
Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.
Whatmustbedonehasbeendone.Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.
Whatyousaidjustnowhurtherfeelings.
Whatimpressedmemostwashisgreatresponsibilityforhiswork.
Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.
Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.
Whatevertheparentsdoisfortheirchildren.
Whateveryousayisofnousenow.
Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.
Whichschoolwillwintheprizeisnotknown.
Ireaditinsomebookorother,doesitmatterwhichitwas?
Whicheveryoutakewillbeyours.
Whicheverbookyouchoosedoesn’tmattertome.
Whicheverofusgetshomefirststartscooking.
Whoserelativeslosttheirlifeintheshockingearthquakehasn’tbeenannounced.
3.由关系副词when;where;why;how引导的主语从句.
Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasn’tbeenannounced.
Wheretheheroinewentisnotmentionedattheendofthestory.
WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldisstillunderdiscussion.
Whyheoftencomeshereisknowntousall.
Whyhedidn'tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.
Whythesuninthemorninglooksbiggerthanthesunatnoonisveryinteresting.
Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.
Howhemanagedtofinishthecompositioninsuchashorttimeisstillamystery.
HowandwhyEinsteinhadcometoPrinceton,NewJerseyisastoryofstruggle,success,andsadness.
Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.水的流量是多少……
主语从句的主谓一致问题
①:
单个的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数;如果两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用复数.
Whenandwherehewasbornhasn’tbeenfound.
Howandwhyhecametothelonelysmallislandisstillamystery.
Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
②:
what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可由表语来决定.
Whatweneedarewomenworkers.
Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.
4.it作形式主语引导主语从句
如果主语从句太长,为避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们可用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后.这样句子结构就更加平衡.此时主语从句的引导词一般是that(一般不省,亦可省略),也可以是其它引导词.
▲It+be+形容词+that-从句
It’s(im)possible/probable/important/necessary/fortunate/certain/clear/obvious/likely/natural/
strangethat…
Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.
It'sstrangethathedidn'tcomeyesterday.
Itislikelythattherewillbeastormtomorrow.
主语从句中的虚拟语气:
其中在it’snatural/important/ necessary/strangethat…结构中,主语从句常用should+do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).
Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.
Itisimportantthateverypupil(should)beabletounderstandtheruleofschool.
Itisnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.
Itisessentialthattheseapplicationformsbesentbackasearlyaspossible.
Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent____atleastaforeignlanguage.(上海1993)
A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster
▲It+be+名词+that-从句
It’sapity/ashame/anhonor/afact/asurprise/aquestion/goodnews/nowonder/commonknowledge/hightimethat…
Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterday.
Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.
It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchprogress.
主语从句中的虚拟语气:
其中在此结构中若为surprise,apity,ashame,nowonder等表示惊奇、惋惜的名词时,主语从句常用should+do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).若为advice,desire,demand,order,proposal,recommendation,requirement,suggestion等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等名词时,须用should+do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).
Itismyproposalthathebesenttostudyfurtherabroad.
It’sapitythatI(should)missthelecture.
▲It+be+-ed分词+that-从句
It’ssaid/reported/believed/thought/announced/decided/knowntoall/mustbepointedout/mustbeadmittedthat…
ItisreportedthatthenumberofwildanimalsinAfricaisdecreasing.
It’sannouncedthatthehostageshavebeenreleased.
It’sdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.
It’sknowntoushowhebecameawriter.
其中在此结构中若为request, demand, require, beg, propose, suggest, recommend, advise,order,command,urge,desire 等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等的动词,则主语从句中须用should+do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).
Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.
Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadythisevening.
Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
▲It+不及物动词+that-分句
Itseems/appears/happens(tosb)/occurredtosb/turnedout/doesn’tmatter/makenodifferencethat…
Itseemstomethatyouobjecttheplan.
IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenoutwhenhecalled.
ItoccurredtomethatIforgottoshutthewindows.
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesornot.
Itmakesnodifferencethatyouwillgotodayortomorrow.
常将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.
Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.
▲如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:
Isittruethatheisthegirl’sfather?
Howisitthatyouarelateagain?
▲what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首,一般不用it作形式主语.
Whatmaketherivermorebeautifularethelotusplantsgrowinginthewater.
有时也可用it形式主语Itisclearenoughwhathemeant.
▲seem的五种用法
①.sbseems(tobe)+adj./n./prep.
Sheseems(tobe)quitehappy.Heseems(tobe)anhonestman.
Heseems(tobe)introuble.Youdon’tseemtobequiteyourselftoday.
②.sbseemstodo
Sheseemstoknowthesecret.Heseemstobesleepingthen.
Iseemtohaveseenhimsomewherebefore.
③.itseemsthat…
Itseemsthatsheisquitehappy.Itseemsthathewassleepingthen.
ItseemsthatIhaveseenhim.ItseemstobeyearssinceIlastsawyou.
④.sb/sthseemsasif….
Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.Heseemsasifhehasknownthenews.
⑤.thereseem(s)tobe…
Thereseemstobeasmallpineonthetopofthehill.
Thereseemstobenoneedtogonow.
宾语从句
在句子中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句.及物动词(vt.),介词(prep),少量形容词之后跟宾语从句.
1.由从属连词that,whether,if引导的宾语从句:
Iknowthatheisfriendlyandhospitable.(好客的)
theytoldusonceagainthatthesituationwasserious.
ThedoctorinsiststhatIgiveupsmoking.
Thesellerdemandedthatpaymentshouldbemadewithinfivedays.
Iwish(that)shewouldunderstandme.
Welearntfromhisletterthathewasstudyingabroad.
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
Iwonderwhether(if)daughtersarevaluedasmuchassonsinthecountryside.
Idon’tknowwhether/ifhecaresaboutme.
I’llseewhether/ifIcanpersuadehimtoaccepttheinvitation.
Realizingthatitwasjustadifferenceincustom,theforeignersmiledandsaidnothing.
OnbeingaskedwhetherhehadhadagoodtimeinAustralia,heanswered“Terrible”.
宾语从句中If不能替代whether的七种情况
在引导宾语从句时,whether与if通常可以互换.if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether则多用于比较正式的文体中.
Sheaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelpherwithherEnglish.
Idon'tknowif/whethertheycanpromoteunderstandinginsuchashorttime.
①.引导位于句首的主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句时,只能用whether.
Whethertheywinorlostisallthesametome.
whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.
Thequestioniswhethertheycancooperatewithus.
Wearediscussingtheproblemwhetherwehaveenoughfundstocarryouttheproject.
②.直接与ornot连用时,只能用whether.
Iwonderwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.
Shedoesn’tcareabitwhetherI’mabsentornot.
③.位于在介词后面,作介词宾语时,只能用whether.
I'mthinkingofwhetherweshouldpresentagifttothepoorgirl.
I'mnotinterestedinwhethershe'llcomeornot.
Theteacherworriedaboutwhetherhe
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