浅析孔子.docx
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浅析孔子.docx
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浅析孔子
Confucius
Asweallknow,ConfuciusisveryfamousinChineseculture,becausehe notonlysetagoodstartfor Confucian,butalsoremainthevalueofhumanity,andIthinkIt'sworthtoremember~
Inmyopinion,Confucius’humanityisbasedonhuman'sinstinct,accordingtoafamoussayingsaidthat,atthebeginningofthehuman,thenatureisoriginallyfriendly,soweshould learntoloveothers,everyoneinthisworldneedlove,ifwekeep bekindtoothers,thentheotherpersonwillbefriendlytous,soit'sfair. Andwhat'smore,the centerofinhishumanityisKernel(仁) ,inhismind,Kernelcannotonlyusedtotreatothersorpracticeyoumoralbutalsocanusedtogovernthe country~
AndIthinkthat,ifyouwanttomeetthestandardsofhumanity,weshoulddothefollowingthings,firstly,begoodtoothers,don'tforceotherstodothethingsthatyoudon'twanttodo;secondly,bekindandresponsibletothepersonsaroundyou,lovethem,andtryyourbesttohelpthem,movethem;thirdly,thewholecountryshouldbeunityandbeordered,thegovernmentshouldregardthepeopleasthefirstplace,becausepeopleisthehostand componentofthecountry, onlywhenthegovernment treatspeoplewell,canthewholecountry goeswell~
Socrates
Socrates,agreatthinker,asmartphilosopherandafamouseducationeroftheancientGreek,hadmadeagreatinfluenceallovertheworld,andit’sworthreadingandthinkingaboutSocrates.
Aswehavereadthetext,sothatwecangetsomethingworththinkingaboutSocrates’wayofteaching,heisaverymodestperson,andheneverthoughtthathewasaknowledgeableperson.Sohegottruthbyaskingothersquestionsagainandagain,atlasthewillgettherightanswerwithallkindsofresponsesfromthepeoplewhohaveansweredthequestions~IntheaspectofteachingwaysIthinkSocrates’isdifferentfromtoday,aswehavediscoveredthatnowadaysteachersliketoteachstudentsbooksbutnevertrytoinspirethemtothinkaboutquestions,it’snotgoodforstudents’development,andtheywillhaveashortageofcreativity,Ithinkthemostimportantthingofonesgrowtharetheirspecialexperiencesandideas,sooureducationshouldthinkaboutSocratesideas.
ThenafterreadingeightshortstoriesofSocrates,Ilikethesixthonemost,fromwherewecanunderstandthatwhatinfluenceyourfeeingisnottheenvironmentaroundyoubutthemoodofyourheart~itseemsasifeverybodylikestocomplainabouttheirtheirconditions,andtheyliketocomparethemselveswitheachother,butneverlookattheirownhappiness,asamatteroffact,everyonehashisownadvantagesandhappiness,weshouldbeconcernedaboutthebeautifulthingsaroundus,treatothersfriendly,andlearnhardly,thenyouwillcomeintoheavenwhenyoulookatyourselfafterwards~soitismyunderstandofthissentenceandIthinkit’sworththinking,lregardthisoneasmymottocanneverbearightchoose.
ThoughSocrateshadgonetoanotherworldforalongperiodoftime,hisgoodwayofteachingisthevaluehehadmadeforallhumanbeings,sodon’tforgethimandlet’srememberhim.
Plato
InPlato’smind,educationshouldbelinkedwithpsychology,philosophy,and art.it’seasyforustogiveothers’knowledgebutit’sdifficultto makethemhavetheirownwayofunderstandtheknowledge,especiallyintheprocessofthinking.
Nowadaysourteachersandparentsshouldknowhowtocultivatetheirchildrenintermsofenvironmentandculture,accordingtome,weshouldchangetheoldwayofteaching,thenhowtochange?
It’sreallyaquestion.Asweallknowchildrenliketomotivateotherswhentheyareyoung,ofcoursetheyalsohaveagoodabilitytolearnfromothers,soyoushouldpayattentiontoyourbehavior,onceyoumakebadthingstheywilllearnit,becausetheycan’tdistinguishrightfromwrong.Inmyopinion,theyalsoformtheirpersonalitiesbytheenvironmentaroundthem,whichmeanstheimportanceoftheplacewhereyoulive!
weallheardthestoryof“孟母三迁”,thisexampleexactlyexplaintheinfluenceofenvironment,ifyoutakeyourchildtoagoodandpolitecondition,theywilllearnfromallcomfortablebehaviorbutifyoutakeyourchildtoapoorandlow-educatedplace,theywillbeinfluencedbythepeoplewholivethere,it’sdangerous.Butwhatifthechildrengrowup,asparentsorteachers,noneofuscanhelpthechildalltheirlives,andnoonecanaccomplishtheirdreams,theyneedtobricktheobstaclesbythemselves,asafamoussayinggoes “Teachfishtobeinferiortoteachtofish”(授之以鱼不如授之以渔),so shouldmakethechildformtheirownideaofWorldoutlook,outlookoflifeandoutlookofvalue,andIthinkthisisthemostimportantthing,onlyinthisway,thechildwillleadtheirownwaysuccesefully.
Aristotle
It’sknowntousthatthereisafamoussaying,“teacherisdeartomebutdeareristruth”,yeah,it’ssaidbyAristotle,oneofthegreatestandmostinfluentialeducationalphilosophersofalltime.
Aristotle’steacherisPlato,andhewasmuchinfluencedbyhisteacher,butdifferentfromotherstudents,healsolikedtosuspectabouteverything,soheheldadifferentideaaboutknowledge,learning,theperson,educationandsociety.amongalltheaspects,hediscussedthoroughlyaboutvirtueandmoraleducation,heholdtheideathatmoralvirtuewasmainlyacquiredbypractice,hesaid“webecomejustbyperformingjustacts,temperatebyperformingtemperateones,bravebyperformingbraveones”,fromherewecanseetheimportanceofourrealization,ifchildrenareaccustomedtotherightmoralhabitsfromearlyage,doingtherightthingwillbecomenaturetothem,thisisthemeaningofvirtue,abehavior,environmentandthepersonaroundyouwillinfluenceourvirtue.
Aristotle’stwostepsofmoraleducationis:
firstly,itinvolvesonceagainmakinganimportantdistinction,thistimebetweenactswithmoralityandmoralactsproper,theactualbehaviormightbethesame,butthedifferenceliesinthestateofmindoftheagentandhisorhermotives;secondly,itmaybeperformedjustoutofhabit,throughfearofpunishment,togainaapprovalandsoforth,itisquietpossibletoperformactsthatcorrespondtomoralitybeforewearefullymoral,thisinvolvesabetterunderstandingofmorality.
Inmyopinion,Aristotleistellingtruthabouttheeducation,andwedoreallycanfeeltheimportanceofvirtueandmoral,agoodvirtueisjustthesameassunshine,whichcanmakethisworldbecomewarmandbright,what’smore,ifyoumakefriendswiththeonewhoarevirtuous,youcanfeelthattheirpowerandkindness,theycanalwaysexpressamovingsceneinoureyes,thenyouwillbeinfluencedbytheirvirtue.Whentalkingaboutmorality,thefirstwordcomeintoourmindis“selfcontrol”,ifyoudon’tformagoodhabit,itwillbedifficulttobemoral.
FromlearningAristotle,Igotalotofhowtoteachmychildreninthefuture,ofcoursevirtueandmoralisthefirstreason.
Rousseau
Jean-JacquesRousseau,self-taughtgeniusoftheAgeofEnlightenment,andweallhismostfamousnovelEmile,hisspecialfamilybackgroundmadehimthoughtabouteducation,andhisownideaallowedhimtobeinfluential.
RousseautookaconsistentlynaturalisticapproachtoeducationintheEmile,maintainingthatthechildisnaturallygoodandmadewickedlyonlybyhisenvironment.Inmyopinion,hisnaturalisticapproachisaskingforanaturallygrowthofchild,weshouldgivethemagoodenvironmenttorefreshtheirmind,childrenshouldengageactivelywithawell-orderedenvironment,andlearnbyinteractingwithit,whichmeans‘learnbydoing’,differentfromtheothereducationalways,heencouragedthechildtolearnintheopenairanddiscovertheknowledgebyresearchingandtouchingthenature,atlastwemayimaginetheanswerthatthiskindofchildwillformtheirownpersonalityandhavetheirownindependentidea.
TalkingaboutRousseau’snegativeeducation,hethoughtthatitbeginstogivewaytopositiveattheageofreason,butit’sonlyfullysupersededattheadolescence–theageofenergy,atleastuntiltheageof12,‘thefirsteducationshouldbepurelynegative,itconsistsnotatallinteachingvirtueortruthbutinsecuringtheheartfromviceandthemindfromerror’,andduringtheperiodofnegativeofnegativeofnegativeeducation,thechildistobesurroundedbyanenvironmentofartificialnecessity,encounteringobstacleswhichappeartobetheinevitableoutcomeofhisownbehavior.
AndweallhaveheardthestorythataFrenchgirlnamedTippi, sheisagirlwhocanspeakwithanimalsandshecancommunicatewiththeanimalsbyeye-contacting,it’sspecialforustounderstandanimalsbuthowcouldshegetoverit?
Itissaidthatherparentsworkedwithanimals,shegrewupinanenvironmentofwildlife,andhermoralitywasnotbrokenbytheoutsideworld,soshealwayskeepanaturalandgreatpersonality.Ifeverygirlcangogrowinthiskindofrelaxingenvironment,oureducationofchildrenwillchangehaveahugechange.
Immanualkant
Differentfromtheformereducationists,ImmanuelKanthasmadeasignificantimpactoneducationalthinkingthroughhisenormouslyinfluentialworkinphilosophy.
AccordingtoKant’sdefinition,wegettheideathathethoughtindifferentstagesofage,weshouldhaveaparticularcomponentsofeducation.Sothecomponentofeducationisinstructionorcultivation.Childrenmustdeveloptheircapacitiesforthoughtandunderstanding,andlearnskillsandknowledgetheywillrequireasadults.Throughoutthesuchinstructionchildrenmustnotbetaughtjusttodomechanically,butmustalwaysbeledtounderstandthepointofwhattheyared
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