模联DR模板.docx
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模联DR模板.docx
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模联DR模板
DraftResolution
Committee:
HRC
Topic:
ResponsibilitytoProtect—humanitarianintervention
Sponsors:
Bangladesh,India,Indonesia,Pakistan,Zambia
Co-sponsors:
TheHumanRightsCommittee,
Recallingitsprevioussuccessfulactions,includingitsUNOSOMImissioninSomaliinApril1992andhumanitarianinterventioninTimor-LesteinSeptember1999,
DeploringitsinactiontoRwandaGenocidethatkilledaround1,000,000people,
AlarmedbyMyanmargovernment’sblockinglarge-scaleinternationalaidtocyclonevictimsthatlaterdevelopedahumanitariancrisis,
EmphasizingtheimportanceofResponsibilitytoProtectpublishedinDecember2001,underthechairmanshipofGarethEvansthatthatwhereapopulationissufferingseriousharm,asaresultofinternalwar,insurgency,repressionorstatefailure,andthestateinquestionisunwillingorunabletohaltoravertit,theprincipleofnon-interventionyieldstotheinternationalresponsibilitytoprotect,
Reaffirmingtheprovisionsofparagraphs138and139ofthe2005WorldSummitOutcomeDocumentregardingtheresponsibilitytoprotectpopulationsfromgenocide,warcrimes,ethniccleansingandcrimesagainsthumanity,
ReaffirmingtheUNChapterVIIthatentitlestheSecurityCounciltotakeactionincasesofathreattothepeace,breachofthepeaceoractofaggression,
ReaffirmingtheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,theViennaDeclarationandProgramofActionandrecallingtheInternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRightsandtheInternationalCovenantonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRightsandotherhumanrightsinstruments,
ReaffirmingtheDeclarationontheInadmissibilityofIntervention intheDomesticAffairsofStates andtheProtectionofTheirIndependenceandSovereignty(1965),DeclarationonPrincipleofInternationalLawconcerningFriendlyRelationsandCo-operationamongStatesinaccordancewiththeCharteroftheUnitedNations(1970),andDeclarationontheInadmissibilityofInterventionandInterferenceintheInternalAffairsofStates(A/RES/36/103,1981),
ReaffirmingthatResolution60/251establishedbyUNGeneralAssembly(GA),HumanRightsCouncil(HRC)wasendowedwithobligationsofimprovinghumanrightsconditionsandrespectingbasichumanrightsbasedonTheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights.
ExpressingthegravestconcernattheclaimbytheformerSecretary-GeneralKofiAnnanatthe54sessionoftheUNGeneralAssemblyinSeptember1999thatweconfrontedarealdilemmaofwhichfewwoulddisagreethatboththedefenseofhumanityandthedefenseofsovereigntywereprinciplesthatmustbesupportedandthatdidn’tnottelluswhichprincipleshouldprevailwhentheywereinconflict,
Emphasizingtheprinciplethatthemilitaryinterventioncanonlybejustifiedasthelastresort,
Expectingtheworldinapeacefulstatewithoutconcernofhumanrightsviolationsthatwouldinevitablyputinternationalrelationshipsintochaos,
ActingundertheCharteroftheUnitedNationsandinternationallaws,
Prevention
1.Condemnsthatunilateralmilitaryinterventionisillegal,sinceitcanbeeasilydisguisedundertheflagofhumanity,whichinrealityismixedwithpoliticalinterests,contributingtoahighprobabilityofcausingevenmoreserioushumanrightsinfringementsinturn;
2.Decidesthattheinternationalcommunityshould,asappropriate,supporttheUnitedNationstoinformandrequirethecountry,whosepopulationsareconfrontingoverwhelmingatrocities,toavertandhaltthemassivehumanrightsviolationsonitsownbeforeitturnsessentialtointerveneinit;
3.CallsuponpotentialcountrieswhichmayconfrontHItoencouragetheirmassivemediaincludingnewspapers,Internetandbroadcastingnetworktopublicizetheconceptof“responsibilitytoprotect”,thusconsequentlyleadingtotheenhancementofthepublic’sawarenessonthisissue;
4.Decidesthatregionalnationsshoulduniteinadvancetosetupacoherenttmechanismforuniteddefenseoftheirnationalsovereigntyandinterests,sincepossibleinterventionsindevelopingcountries,especiallyinAfrica,areduetolackofunityandregionalcooperationbeforeHItakesplace;
5.Furtherrecommendsthatitisnecessarytostrengthenthecomprehensivenationalpowersineveryaspect,ofwhichinfrastructureconstructionisofgreatsignificance,tomaximizethebasichumanrightsandbenefitsofthenationalcitizens,consideringthatbeinglagineconomicstatuswithinthecountryistherootandmajorsourceofHI;
6.Recommendsapreparatoryschemeforcountermeasureswithnon-militaryforcesmustbeadoptedbyUN,whichcontainsbothshort-termandlong-termaidingactions,specifically
a.short-termaiding:
UNshouldgather
i)adequatematerialaidimmediatelyafterthehumanitariancrisisbreaksout,withcontentsoffood,quilts,medicineetc.
ii)financialaidofferedbyconcernedNGOsandtheRedCross,andregionalorganizationsgatheredbytheUN;
b.Long-termaiding:
UNshouldintroducelong-termhigh-techaids,educationalprograms,andotherinfrastructureconstructionsystems.LoansbytheWorldBank,IMFarealsoappreciated;
c.Suchpreparatoryschemealsoattachesimportancetotheevaluationofthecrisis.Amultilateralinvestigatingteammainlyconcerningvolunteeredpersonsfromnone-interestedcountriesorNGOsshouldbesenttothespottogatherinformationandsubmitareportonthistoUNtohelpUNmakeajustifieddecisions;
7.Reaffirmsthatcollectivesecurity
8.Furtherrecommendsthatitisnecessarytostrengthenthecomprehensivenationalpowersineveryaspect,ofwhichinfrastructureconstructionisofgreatsignificance,tomaximizethebasichumanrightsandbenefitsofthenationalcitizens,consideringthatbeinglagineconomicstatuswithinthecountryistherootandmajorsourceofHI;
9.CallsformoreassistancefromtheICRCsoastoreduceoreliminatedoubt,givenassistanceisfromacertaincountry,abouttheuncertainintentionoftheaidofferingcountry,consequentlymakingitmorelikelyforthecountryinquestiontoaccepttheassistance,
Reaction
1.ReaffirmstheprinciplesofhumanitarianinterventionstatedinR2P:
(a)Justcause:
militaryinterventionforhumanprotectionpurposesmustberegardedasanexceptionalandextraordinarymeasure,andforittobewarranted,theremustbeseriousandirreparableharmoccurringtohumanbeings,orimminentlylikelytooccur;
(b)Rightintention:
theprimarypurposeoftheinterventionmustbetohaltoraverthumansuffering;
(c)Lastresort:
everydiplomaticandnon-militaryavenueforthepreventionorpeacefulresolutionofthehumanitariancrisismusthavebeenexplored;
(d)Proportionalmeans:
thescale,durationandintensityoftheplannedmilitaryinterventionshouldbetheminimumnecessarytosecurethehumanitarianobjectiveinquestionanditshouldgowithoutsayingthatalltherulesofinternationalhumanitarianlawshouldbestrictlyobservedinthesesituations;
(e)Reasonableprospects:
militaryactioncanonlybejustifiedifitstandsareasonablechanceofsuccess,thatis,haltingoravertingtheatrocitiesorsufferingthattriggeredtheinterventioninthefirstplace.
2.DecidesthattheUNmembercountriesshouldprimarilyestablishpropercriteriaregardingthedefinitionofhumanitarianinterventionbydevelopingmoremultilateraldialogues,soastodecidewhenandunderwhichcircumstanceshumanitarianinterventionisaccededtobegenerated:
3.CallsfortheSecurityCouncilto:
(a)furtherdeveloptheearlywarningandanalysismechanism,byestablishingaseriesoftransparentandall-nationacceptablecriteriaofinvestigatingprocedures,inordertojudgewhetherthecountrytobeintervenedinisreallysufferingfromthoseatrocities,namelygenocide,warcrimes,ethniccleansingandcrimesagainsthumanityandwhethertheapplicationofanewhumanitarianinterventionisqualifiedaccordingtothecriteriaandisessentialtobeexercised,includingthreepossiblewaystodetect:
(i)toreceivereportfromcertaincountries,groupsofcountries,internationalorganizationsandevenindividuals;
(ii)toorganizespecializedcommitteetoinvestigate;
(iii)toauthorizeinternationalorganizationstoinvestigate;
(b)improvethedecision-makingprocessofhumanitarianinterventionsoastoreducetheVetopolicy’sside-effectbyaprobablewayofstrengtheningtheGeneralAssembly’sinfluenceontheSecurityCouncil,accordingto:
(i)Article10and11oftheCharteroftheUN,whichentitlestheGAtodiscussanyquestionsrelatingtothemaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecurity,
(ii)Article12oftheCharteroftheUN,whichaffirmsthatwhiletheSecurityCouncilisexercisinginrespectofanydisputeorsituationthefunctionsassignedtoitinthepresentCharter,theGeneralAssemblyshallnotmakeanyrecommendationwithregardtothatdisputeorsituationunlesstheSecurityCouncilsorequests;
(iii)Article27oftheCharteroftheUN,whichdecidesthatdecisionsoftheSecurityCouncilonallothermattersshallbemadebyanaffirmativevoteofninemembersincludingtheconcurringvotesofthepermanentmembers;providedthat,indecisionsunderChapterVI,andunderparagraph3ofArticle52,apartytoadisputeshallabstainfromvoting;
(iv)Article30oftheCharteroftheUN,whichemphasizesthatTheSecurityCouncilshalladoptitsownrulesofprocedure;
4.EmphasizesthattheUNshouldbetheonlypowerthatcanauthorizehumanitarianinterventionandsendpeacekeepingtroopstothepossiblyintervenedincountry;
5.DemandsthataninternationalinstitutionofsupervisionorganizedbyglobalgovernmentsandNGOsbehighlyneeded,aimingatextendingthe
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