英语阅读理解科普环保练习英语考试外语学习及解析.docx
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英语阅读理解科普环保练习英语考试外语学习及解析.docx
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英语阅读理解科普环保练习英语考试外语学习及解析
(英语)阅读理解(科普环保)练习_英语考试_外语学习及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AfteramorninghikeintheSaneumHealingForest,46-year-oldfirefighterKangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga(瑜伽),andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.Heisoneof40firefighterstakingpartinathree-dayprogram,theaimofwhichistooffer"foresthealing"(森林治愈);thefirefightersallhaveposttraumaticstressdisorder(创伤后应激障碍).
SaneumisoneofthreeofficialhealingforestsinSouthKorea.Soontherewillbe34more.SouthKoreans-manyofwhomsufferfromworkstress,digitaladdiction,andgreatacademicpressurehaveacceptedthemedicalizationofnaturewithgreatenthusiasm.
Thereisincreasingevidencethatbeingoutsideinapleasantnaturalenvironmentisgoodforus.Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?
Fewerandfewer,itseems.AccordingtoLisaNisbet,apsychologyprofessoratCanadasTrentUniversity,evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit.
"Wedon'tthinkofbeingoutdoorsasawaytoincreasehappiness,"saysNisbet."Wethinkotherthingswill,likeshoppingorTV."ButSouthKoreaisstartingtochallengethisopinion.
SowhataresomeofthebenefitsofnaturethatNisbetrefersto?
Beingsurroundedbynaturehasoneobviouseffect:
Itcalmsusandreducesourstresslevels.Thishasbeenshowntolowerbloodpressureandheartrates.
AnotherexperimentconductedbypsychologistStephenKaplanfoundthatpeoplewhotooka50-minutewalkinaparkhadbetterattentionandshort-termmemorythanthosewhotookawalkalongacitystreet.
Perhapswhat'smoresurprisingisthatnaturemayalsomakeusmorecreative.DavidStrayer,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah,showedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoperformed50percentbetteroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.
Infact,wemayneverknowexactlywhatnaturedoestothebrain.Somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,andmaybethat'sasitshouldbe.
(1)WhatisKangByoung-wookdoing?
A.Gettinglostinnature.
B.Buildinguphisstrength.
C.Tryingtocontrolaforestfire.
D.Helpingfirefightersunderstress.
(2)WhatdoesLisaNisbetthinkofbeingoutdoors?
A.Itisoverlookedbypeople.
B.Ithasnothingtodowithhappiness.
C.SouthKoreansshowgreatinterestinit.
D.Weneedmoreevidenceforitsbenefits.
(3)WhatbenefitofnaturedidStephenKaplanfind?
A.Itaffectspeople'sfeelings.
B.Itlowerstherisksofdiseases.
C.Ithelpsimprovementalperformance.
D.Itdoesmoregoodthanphysicalexercise.
(4)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Yourlifeinforests
B.Yourbrainonnature
C.Thefutureofforesthealing
D.Thebenefitsofastress-freelife
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,由韩国患创伤后应激障碍的消防员接受森林治愈谈起,介绍了大自然对我们身心健康的益处。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“KangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga(瑜伽),andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.”可知,KangByoung-wook正在接受森林治愈:
品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。
他完全沉浸在大自然之中。
故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?
Fewerandfewer和evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit”以及第四段中LisaNisbet所说的话可知,他认为现代人忽视了大自然的重要性,户外活动少了。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第三段中的“hadbetterattentionandshort-termmemory”可知,StephenKaplan的研究发现亲近大自然可以提高注意力和短期记忆力,也就是说提高了大脑的工作效率。
故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对于人类健康尤其是大脑工作效率和减缓压力方面的益处,故B项作标题最符合文章的主旨。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇健康类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Whenyouthinkbacktotheblackboardfromyourschooldays,whatcolorisit?
Chancesarethatit'sgreen.Sowhat'supwiththename?
Originally,blackboardswerereallyblack.Beforewall-sizedblackboardsexisted,late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood,accordingtoConcordiaUniversity,Thosefirstboardswere,infact,black,andtheypavedthewayforthelargerones.
In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.Problemsolved!
Fromthere,theideaspreadquicklyasteacherscouldfinallyshowaconcepttothewholeclassatonetime.By1815,themassivewritingspaceswerecommonenoughtoearntheirownname:
blackboard.
Thecolorchangecameinthe1960swhencompaniessold,steelplates,coatedwithgreenenamel(漆)insteadofthetraditionaldarkslate.Thenewmaterialwaslighterandlessfragilethanthefirstblackboards,sotheywerecheapertoshipandmorelikelytosurvivethejourney.Teachersweren'tcomplainingeither.Afterall,thenew"greenboards"madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase.Plus,theenamelleftlessofaglareandthecolorwasnicertolookat.Atthatpoint,peoplestartedusingtheword"chalkboard"asamoreaccuratedescriptor,but"blackboard"stillstuckaround.
(1)Whatdidthelate18th-centurystudentsuseinclass?
A. Blackboard.
B. Chalkboard.
C. Greenboard.
D. Miniboard.
(2)Whydidtheheadmasteraskthestudentstoputtheirminiboardstogether?
A. Tomakeacomparison.
B. Tomakeenoughspace.
C. Todrawstudents'attention.
D. Toarousestudents'interest.
(3)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthe"greenboard"?
A. They'relighterinweight.
B. They'remoreconvenienttotransport.
C. They'reeasiertoerasethepowder.
D. They'remoreusefulthanthetraditionalones.
(4)What'sthemainideaofthetext?
A. Introductionoftheblackboard.
B. Originoftheblackboard.
C. Coloroftheblackboard.
D. Functionoftheblackboard.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过描述黑板发展历程向读者介绍了黑板最早的时候确实是黑色的,随后慢慢发展变成了绿色。
回答了"黑板为什么是绿色的?
"这个问题。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的,"...late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood..."可知,18世纪的学生用的是“迷你板”。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“ In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.
”在1800年,一名英格兰校长JamesPillans想让他的学生们画地图,但是学生们在他们的迷你板上无法画出地图,因此校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起来制造一个大的板。
可知,校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起是为了创造一个大的空间来画地图。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"Thenewmaterialwaslighterand...morelikelytosurvivetheJourney."可知A项和B项正确;以及"Afterall,...madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase."可知C项正确;D项文章未提及。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
文章第一段前四句话点明了文章中心:
我们看到的黑板大多是绿色的,为什么叫黑板?
通读全文也可知文章主要讲述了黑板发展过程中颜色从黑色变成绿色的过程和原因。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
Beingabletolandsafelyisacriticallyimportantskillforallflyinganimals.Comparativelyspeaking,groundlivinganimalsfacenoparticularchallengewhentheyneedtostoprunningorcrawling,whileflyinganimalsmoveatmuchhigherspeed,andtheymustbecarefulabouthowtheyland.Hittingtheground,orevenwater,atfullflightspeedwouldbequitedangerous.Beforetouchingdown,theymustdecreasetheirspeedinordertolandsafely.Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently.
Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings.Inrecentyears,though,researchershavediscoveredanumberofinterestingfactsaboutbatflight.Batsarebuiltdifferentlyfrombirds,andtheirwingsaremadeupofboththeirfrontandhindlimbs(肢体).Thismakescoordinating(协调)theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances.However,theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:
abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo.
Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!
Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain.However,notallbatshittheirlandingspotswiththesamespeedandforce;thesewillvarydependingontheareawhereabatspeciesmakesitshome.Forexample,acavebat,whichregularlylivesonahardstoneceiling,ismorecarefulaboutitslandingpreparationthanabatmoreaccustomedtolandinginleafytreetops.
(1)Whichofthefollowingisthetopicofthepassage?
A. Placeswhereflyinganimalschoosetoland.
B. Whyscientistshavedifficultyobservingbats.
C. Differencesintheeatinghabitsofbatsandbirds.
D. Waysinwhichbatsmovedifferentlyfrombirds.
(2)Whichofthefollowingisafalseassumptionaboutbatsthatwasrecentlycorrected?
A. Theycannothearanysound.
B. Theysleepupsidedown.
C. Theyflysimilarlytobirds.
D. Theyhideintreebranches.
(3)Theword"it"(in2ndparagraph)probablyrefersto"______".
A. thedistancetothenets
B. thesenseofflyingheight
C. theflyingdirection
D. theabili
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