基础英语试题.docx
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基础英语试题.docx
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基础英语试题
北京外国语大学2004年基础英语试题
I.ReadingComprehensionThissectioncontainstwopassages.Readeachpassageandthenanswerthequestionsgivenattheendofeachpassage.
PassageOne
Somepowerfulorganizationsareheadedbyacabinet,othersbyasupremecouncilorboardofmanagement.The20commissionerswhoruntheEuropeanCommission,however,arecalled“thecollege”.Thistitle,withitsacademicandecclesiasticalflavor,capturestheoutfit’sself-image.Thecommission,partexecutiveandpartcivilservice,seesitselfasfarmorethanamerebranchofgovernment.Itistheembodimentofthe“Europeanidea”andthedisinterestedguardianofEuropeanlaw.WhilethecountriesoftheEUvulgarlybattletopromotetheirnationalinterests,thecommissionstandsabovethefrayandidentifiesthegeneralgood.Andwhilenationalgovernmentsarerivenbyinternalrivalriesandpoliticalinfighting,themultinationalcollegesailsonserenelyaspiritofgood-fellowship.Thereisanelementoftruthtothissaccharineself-image.Commissionersarefreefrommanyofthepressuresofnationalpolitics:
theyarenotelected,veryseldomreshuffledandalmostneverfired.Insuchcircumstances,theycanaffordtobehigh-mindedandcollegiate.Appropriately,thecommissionisheadedbyarealliveformerprofessor,RomanoProdi,anItalian.Butlikemanyacollegeheadintheacademicworld,Mr.Prodi’smanagementstyleisaninfuriatingmixtureofvaguenessandguile.Eventhoseofhiscolleagueswhoretainsomeaffectionfortheman,despairofhisinabilitytosticktoanagendaandofhistendencytofallasleepinmeetings.(Ordohisclosedeyessimplymeanheisthinkingdeeply?
)Mr.Prodihasalsoalienatedmanyoftheothercommissionesbyhishabitofmakingdamagingoff-thecuffremarksandbyhispenchantforsecretivelycompiledreportsthatunderminehiscolleagues’work.PedroSolbes,thecommissionerforeconomicaffairs,wasleftlookinglikeachumpafterMr.Prodidescribedtheeurozone’sfiscalrules,whichMr.Solbeshasstoutlydefended,as“stupid”.ThecommissionerstakingpartinEurope’sconstitutionalconventiondiscoveredthatagroupofProdiadvisershadwrittenanentiredraftinsecret.Suchincidentshavetakentheirtolloncollegiatespirit.Mr.Prodi’stwovice-presidentsdonotmakeupforhisdeficiencies.NeilKnnockfromBritainisquietlydespisedinmulti-culturalBrusselsforspeakingonlyonelanguage.HisvolublyexpressedinterestsinWelshrugbyandBritishLaborPartypoliticsofthe1980sarenotwidelysharedbyhiscolleagues.LoyoladePalacio,aSpaniardwhoistheothervice-president,isguiltyofanothergravesinagainstBrusselspiety:
overtnationalism.Allcommissionerspromisenevertofighttheircountry’scorner.Allviolatethispromisefromtimetotime.ButMsdePalaciodoesitwitharegularityandcrassnessthatgratesonsomecolleagues.SheandMr.Kinnockgetonbadly.Andthereareotherrivalriesinthecollege.ChrisPatten,theforeign-affairscommissioner,andPoulNeilson,inchargeofaid,areconstantlybattlingoverturf.MargotWallstrom,whooverseesenvironment,andErkkiLiikanen,theenterprisecommissioner,snipeateachotheroverbusinessregulation.Shewantsmoreofit;hewantsless.Afterfouryearsoftheirfiveyear-yearmandate,farfrombuildingupajollycollegespirit,thecommissionersshoweverysignofgrowingsickatthesightofeachother.TheProdicommission’slastyearasalwayslikelytobetricky.AllthecommissionersarenowthinkingabouttheirpoliticallivesafterNovember2004.Mr.ProdiincreasinglyfocusesonhisroleastheItalianopposition’sdefactoleader.Othercommissioners,suchasMr.WallstromandPortugal’sAntonioVitorino,aremaneuveringforgranderjobsinBrussels.AndsomehowMr.ProdimustfindportfoliosfortennewcommissionersfromthecountriesduetojointheEUnextMay.Oneideaisforthemtoshadowcurrentcommissionersforsixmonths,untilanewcollegeisformedattheendoftheyear.Asoneinsiderputsit,theywillbe“internswithBMWs”.Thisend-of-termatmosphereisunsettlingenough.Butinthecomingweeksamuchworsefatemaybefallthecommissionthantheusualbickering.AscandalisfermentingoverthemisuseoffundsatEurostat,thecommission’sstatisticalarm.Thedetailsarecomplicatedand,franklyspeaking,notallthatshocking.Watergateisain’t.ButareporthasbeencommissionedandMr.ProdifacesapainfulsessionbeforetheEuropeanParliamentonSeptember25th.
1.ExplainthefollowingsentencesorphrasesinEnglish,bringingouttheimpliedmeaning,ifthereisany.(40points.)
1)Thistitle,withitsacademicandecclesiasticalflavor,capturestheoutfit’sself-image.
2)…thedisinterestedguardianofEuropeanlaw…
3)…thecommissionstandsabovethefrayandidentifiesthegeneralgood.
4)…theycanaffordtobehigh-mindedandcollegiate.
5)Butlikemanyacollegeheadintheacademicworld,Mr.Prodi’smanagementstyleisaninfuriatingmixtureofvaguenessandguile.
6)…wasleftlookinglikeachumpafterMr.Prodidescribedtheeurozone’sfiscalrules,whichMr.Solbeshasstoutlydefended,as“stupid”.
7)Suchincidentshavetakentheirtolloncollegiatespirit.
8)Allcommissionerspromisenevertofighttheircounriescorner.
9)…areconstantlybattlingoverturf.
10)AscandalisfermentingoverthemisuseoffundsatEurostat…
2.Giveabriefanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions(15points)
1)WhatdotheexamplesofMr.SolbesandthecommissionerstakingpartintheEurope’sconstitutionalconventiontellaboutEuropeanCommission?
2)InwhatwayistheEuropeanCommissionlikeacollege?
3)Whataretheauthor’sviewsonProdi’sEuropeanCommission?
PassageTwo
Havingdecidedtoholdwhatwasinstantlydubbeda“gaysummit”oftheAnglicanCommunion.
TheArchbishopofCanterbury,RowanWilliams,retreated“toreflect,topray,toconsultandtotakecounsel”.Giventhattheorganizationhenowheadsseemsintentontearingitselfapart,hisdesiretogetawayfromitallisunderstandable.
Theparallelsbetweenwhatishappeningtothechurchtodayandthedrawn-outagonyofthe
ConservativePartyoverEuropeinthe1990sarebothinstructiveandalarming.Ineachcase,a
substantialandwell-organizedminoritydecidedthattheirviewsonaparticularissuewereso
stronglyheld——theEuropeansinglecurrencyisoneinstance;homosexualclergyintheother
——thatgrouployaltyandobediencetoproperlyconstitutedauthoritycouldbeignored.Dr.
Williamsmaybeonlyafewmonthsintothejob,butheisalreadybeginningtolookliketheChurchofEngland’sJohnMajor:
everyone’sfavoritewhippingboy.Thathasn’thappenedquiteyet.Bothsidesoftheargumentstillhavehopesofhim.LiberalswhowereoverjoyedbyDr.Williams’saccessionareconvincedthathisinstinctsarewiththemandthatlefttohisowndeviceshisattitudetowardssexualitywouldbeasinclusiveastheirown.ThereareechoeshereoftherejoicingbyToryEurophileswhenMr.MajorearlyoninhispremiershipdeclaredhispolicywastobeattheheartofEurope.However,beinglefttohisowndevicesisexactlywhatwillnothappentoDr.Williams.
Sociallyconservativeevangelicalsdistrusthim,buttheythinkheisfrightenedofthemandcanbebulliedintoappeasement.Theshamefultreatmentoftheopenlyhomosexual(albeitcelibate)CanonJeffreyJohnsuggeststheymightberight.HavingsupportedhisappointmentasSuffraganBishopofReading,Dr.Williamsthenpersuadedhimtoresigninthenameofchurchunitywhentheextentoftheoppositiontohisappointmentbecameapparent.ThreatsbyevangelicalchurchestowithholdtheirduesifDr.JohnwasnotforcedtostepdownweretakenseriouslyinLambethPalace.
AsasupporterofDr.Johnobserved:
“Rowanwastakenabackbythesizeofhismailbag.”TheconservativeshavetakenfurthercomfortfromDr.Williams’sresponsetothelatesttwistinthecrisis——lastweek’sdecisionbytheAmericanEpiscopalChurchtoconfirmtheelectionofCanonGeneRobinson,anactivehomosexual,asBishopofNewHampshire.Dr.Williamscommented:
“ItwillbevitaltoensurethattheconcernsandneedsofthoseacrosstheCommunionwhoaregravelyconcernedatthisdevelopmentcanbeheard,understoodandtakenintoaccount.”Acoupleofdayslater,Dr.Williamsannouncedunderpressurefromevangelicalsbothathomeandabroad,theconveninginOctoberofanextraordinarymeetingofthePrimatesoftheAnglicanCommuniontodiscusstheconsequencesof“recentdevelopments”.PerhapsDr.Williamshasaclearideaofwhathewantstoachievewiththissummitofthe38Anglicanprimates.Buthehasadmittedinthepasttwobeingnotmuchgoodatstrategy.Accordingtothoseclosetohim,heseemstobehopingforamiraculousreassertionofthegoodmannersandtolerancethathavebeenthetraditionalhallmarksofAnglicanism.Fatchance.Toomanypeoplearespoilingforafight.
1.ExplainthefollowingsentencesorphrasesinEnglish.(24points)
1)…grouployaltyandobediencetoproperlyconstitutedauthoritycouldbeignored.
2)…everyone’sfavoritewhippingboy.
3)…lefttohisowndeviceshisattitudetowardssexualitywouldbeasinclusiveastheirown.
4)ThereareechoeshereoftherejoicingbyToryEurophiles…
5)TheconservativeshavetakenfurthercomfortfromDr.Williams’sresponsetothelatesttwistinthecrisis…
6)Fatchance.Toomanypeoplearespoilingforafight.
2.Giveabriefanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.(15points)
1)WhathappenedtotheConservativePartyinthe1990s?
2)WhatisDr.Williams’predicament?
3)WhatisconfusinginthewayDr.Williamsrespondtotheappointmentofagaybishopinthe
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