国际运输单证International Documentatio.docx
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国际运输单证International Documentatio.docx
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国际运输单证InternationalDocumentatio
http:
//www.transportsfriend.org/int/docs.html#top
InternationalDocumentation
Introduction
ThefollowinggivesaverybriefoverviewofthetypesofcustomsdocumentationusedwithintheInternationalTransportcommunity.Withthevaryingtypesoftransportoperations,operatorsanddriverswillbecomeaware-througheitherthehandlingofthesedocumentsorthroughthebasicknowledgeoftheirprocess-ofwhatisrequiredfortheloadstheycarrythroughoutEuropeandbeyond.
∙CMRDocument
∙T1andT2Documents
∙ATACarnet
∙TIRCarnet
∙AirWaybill
∙BillofLading
∙FurtherReading
CMRDocument
Themostcommonlyuseddocumentbydrivers,operatorsandforwardersalike,theCMRnoteisaninternationalconsignmentnotewhichisspecifiedundertheConventionfortheContractoftheInternationalCarriageofGoodsbyRoad1956(theCMRConvention).SignedinGenevaon19thMay1956,itisembodiedintoUKlawbytheCarriageofGoodsbyRoadAct1965(asamendedbytheCarriagebyAirandRoadAct1979).
TheCMRConventionsgovernstheresponsibilitiesandliabilitiesofthepartiestoacontractforthecarriageofgoodsbyroadinternationally.ACMRdocumentisnotadocumentoftitleandisthereforenon-negotiable.
ForUKbasedexporters,aCMRdocumentwouldapplyonlytogoodscarriedbyaroadvehicleonaroll-onroll-offferryorviatheChannelTunnel.Itdoesnotapplytogoodsthatcrosstheinternationalborderinacontaineronaship.
ACMRformisa4partdocumentcomprisingof;
∙sender'scopy(red)
∙consignee'scopy(blue)
∙carrier'scopy(green)
∙administrationcopy(whitewithblackborder)
Thecarrierusuallycompletestheform,buttheconsignorisresponsiblefortheaccuracyoftheinformationandmustsigntheformwhenthegoodsarecollected.Theconsigneewillalsosigntheformondelivery,whichisessentialforthecarrierasasignedcopyisinmanycasesthecarriersonlyconfirmationofdeliveryandmeansforpaymentofhishaulagecharge(s).
TodownloadacopyoftheCMRConvention,clickonthelinkbelow.
CMRConvention-UNITEDNATIONS
T1andT2Documents
T1andT2documentsareTransitdocuments.Thereare2systemswhichallowthemovementofgoodswithintheEuropeanwidesystem,theseare;
∙TheCommunitytransitsystem(CT)
∙TheNewComputerisedTransitSystem(NCTS)
TheCommunitytransitsystem(CT)allowsgoodsthatarenotinfreecirculationintheEuropeanCommunity(non-Communitygoods)tomovebetweentwopointswithintheCommunitywithoutbeingsubjecttoimportdutiesandothercharges.
TheNewComputerisedTransitSystem(NCTS)isaEuropeanwidesystem,baseduponelectronicdeclarationandprocessing,designedtoprovidebettermanagementandcontrolofCT.ItinvolvesallEUMemberStatesandtheEFTAcountries.
Eachcountry'sownNCTSprocessingsystemisconnected,throughacentraldomaininBrussels,toalloftheothercountries.SinceNCTSmandationonthe1July2005,papertransitdocumentsareonlyacceptedfromprivatetravellers(withgoodsinexcessofallowances)andduringNCTSfallback.
Anexampleofhowtheelectronicsystemworksisasfollows;
AtruckisloadedforItalytodayandaT1documentisissuedbyTransit.ImmediatelyafterpreparingtheelectronicT1documenttheclearingofficeinItalywillreceivethemessagecontainingdetailsofthegoods.IfnoconfirmationmessagehasbeenreturnedbytheItalianofficewithin3days,itwillbenecessarytoinvestigatethestatusofthetruck.
Thiselectronicsystemisfarmoreefficientthanthepreviousmethodofpaperworkbeingcarriedbydrivers.Italsoreducestheriskofpaperworkgettinglost,documentsnotclearing,whichreducestheriskoffines/penaltiesissuedfornon-clearance.
[backtotop]
ATACarnet
TheATAcarnetisaninternationalCustomsdocumentwhichispresentedtoCustomseachtimegoodsenterorleaveacountry.ItallowsgoodstobetemporarilyimportedwithoutpaymentofCustomschargesforuptooneyearandcancoveroneormoredifferenttypesofgoods.
ThebenefitofusinganATAcarnetisthelegalfreemovementofgoodsacrossfrontiersandcoverstheirtemporaryadmissionintoacountrywithrelieffromcustomsduties,excisedutyandVAT.
Usingacarnet;
a.avoidstheneedtocompletenationalCustomsdeclarationsortoprovidefreshsecurityforcustomschargespotentiallydueineachcountryvisited;
b.simplifiesCustomsclearanceofgoodsineachcountryvisited;
c.canbeusedindifferentcountriesaroundtheworld;and
d.canhelpovercomeproblemsthatmayotherwiseresultfromlanguagebarriersandhavingtocompleteunfamiliarCustomsforms.
AnATAcarnetcanbeusedbyprivatetravellersorbusinesses.Whenacarnetisissued,thepersonwhocanuseitwillbenamedonthefrontcoverofthecarnet,thispersonisthe'holder'.Thecarnetcanbeusedbytheholderorarepresentativenamedonthecarnet.Theholderdoesnothavetoownthegoodsbutdoesacceptliabilityforanycustomsdutyandotherchargesthatmaybeincurred.
Responsibilitiesofthecarnetholderaretoensure;
1.thecountryintowhichthegoodsaregoingtobeimportedacceptsATAcarnetsforthegoodsconcerned;and
2.thatthecarnetispresentedtoCustomsforendorsementeachtimethegoodsenterorleaveacountry.
[backtotop]
TIRCarnet
TIRisusedtomovegoods,essentiallybyroad,betweentwoContractingPartiestotheTIRConventionorbetweentwopointsinaparticipatingcountryaslongasthemovementpassesthroughathirdcountry.Thepaymentofdutiesandotherchargesaresuspended.ForthepurposesofTIR,theCommunityisregardedasasingleterritory.TIRisonlypermittedintheEUwhenthemovementeitherbegins,endsortransitsathirdcountry.
TIRstandsfor'TransportInternationaleRoutiers'whichinEnglishmeansInternationalRoadTransport.Itisaninternationaltransitsystemallowinggoodstotravelacrossoneormoreinternationalborderswiththeminimumofcustomsinvolvement.Atthebeginningof2010theTIRSystemhad68ContractingParties(includingtheEuropeanUnion)onfourcontinents.ManymorecountriesinAfrica,Asia,theMiddleEastandSouthAmericahavedemonstratedtheirinterestinaccedingtothesysteminthenearfuture.
InordertoensurethatgoodsmaytravelwithaminimuminterventionenrouteandyetoffermaximumsafeguardsforCustomsadministrationsinallcountriesoftransit,theTIRregimecontainsfivebasicrequirementsorprinciples.Theseprinciplesare;
1.thegoodsshouldtravelinsecurevehiclesorcontainers(Securevehiclesorcontainers);
2.throughoutthejourney,dutiesandtaxesatriskmustbecoveredbyaninternationallyvalidguaranteeadministeredthroughnationalguaranteeassociations.TheUKhasapprovedtwoassociations,theFreightTransportAssociation(FTA)andtheRoadHaulageAssociation(RHA)(Internationalguarantee);
3.thegoodsshouldbeaccompaniedbyaninternationallyrecogniseddocument,theTIRCarnet.ThisistakenintouseinthecountryofdepartureandservesastheCustomscontroldocumentinthecountriesofdeparture,transitanddestination(TIRCarnet);
4.Customscontrolmeasurestakeninthecountryofdepartureshouldbeacceptedbythecountriesoftransitanddestination(MutualrecognitionofCustomscontrols);
5.accesstotheTIRprocedurefor
-nationalassociationstoissueTIRCarnets;andfor
-naturalandlegalpersonstoutiliseTIRcarnetsshouldbeauthorisedbycompetentnationalauthorities(Controlledaccess).
Thelawsonwhichtheaboveisbasedarecontainedwithin;
∙TheTIRConvention1975;
∙CouncilRegulation(EEC)No2913/92andCommissionRegulation(EEC)No2454/93;and
∙TheCustomsandExciseManagementAct1979.
InternationalRoadTransportUnion
TheIRUTIR-EPDapplicationallowsTIRCarnetHolderstocomply,freeofcharge,withtheEUNCTS/TIRandEORIRegulationswhichenteredintoforcein2009,aswellaswiththenewEUsecurityrequirements,whichenteredintoforceon1January2011,bysubmittingTIRElectronicPre-DeclarationstoCustomsofficesofentry/departureinasimple,standardisedway.TheIRUTIR-EPDisalsofullycompliantwiththeWorldCustomsOrganisation'sFrameworkofStandards.
TIR-EPDapplication-InternationalRoadTransportUnion
[backtotop]
AirWaybill
Theairwaybillisadocumentofcarriagewhichisissuedbyairlinestoshippersofcargo.TheconditionsunderwhichitisissuedistheWarsawConvention,whichwassignedinWarsawon12thOctober1929.ThiswasamendedattheHague(Netherlands)on28thSeptember1955andwasfurtheramendedbytheMontrealConventionatMontrealon28thMay1999effectivelyunifyingcertainrulesfromthelatter.
Anairwaybillisnotadocumentoftitle.Thedocumentoftentravelsforwardwiththegoodsallowingimmediatereleaseofthegoodsintotheconsignee'schargeforsubsequentcustomsclearanceanddelivery.
On16thMarch2008,resolution600bbecameeffectiveon17March2008,rescindingResolution600b(II)onthesameday,withthefollowingconditionsofcontractandnoticestobeincludedoneveryAirwaybill;
NoticeappearingonthefaceofanAirWaybill
Itisagreedthatthegoodsdescribedhereinareacceptedinapparentgoodorderandcondition(exceptasnoted)forcarriageSUBJECTTOTHECONDITIONSOFCONTRACTONTHEREVERSEHEREOF.ALLGOODSMAYBECARRIEDBYANYOTHERMEANSINCLUDINGROADORANYOTHERCARRIERUNLESSSPECIFICCONTRARYINSTRUCTIONSAREGIVENHEREONBYTHESHIPPER,ANDSHIPPERAGREESTHATTHESHIPMENTMAYBECARRIEDVIAINTERMEDIATESTOPPINGPLACESWHICHTHECARRIERDEEMSAPPPROPRIATE.THESHIPPER'SATTENTIONISDRAWNTOTHENOTICECONCERNINGCARRIER'SLIMITATIONOFLIABILITY.Shipperm
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