试析中西饮食文化差异及中餐菜名英译中的几个问题.docx
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试析中西饮食文化差异及中餐菜名英译中的几个问题.docx
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试析中西饮食文化差异及中餐菜名英译中的几个问题
ONTHECULTURALDIFFERENCESOFDIETBETWEENCHINAANDENGLISHCOUNTRIESANDSOMEPOINTSFORINTERPRETINGCHINESEDISHESINTOENGLISH
by
XuAifang
June,2007
XiaoganUnversity
Abstract
Thispaper,throughanalysisofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcountries’dietarycultures,pointsoutseveralinfluentialfactsininterpretationofdietarycultureattables,andbrieflydiscussessomemethodsforinterpretingChinesedishesintoEnglish.Food,anessentialprerequisitefortheexistenceanddevelopmentofmankind,remainsacloserelationwithculture,andfoodculturevarieswithnations.Therefore,therearegreatdisparitiesbetweenChinaandtheEnglishcountriesinideas,attitudes,contentsandfunctionsofdietarycultures.ThispaperendeavorstoanalyzetheculturaldifferencesandtheirrootedcausesinChineseandEnglishdietaryculturesfromtheperspectivesofconcept,etiquetteandcontent.Atlastitemphasizesthattheinterpreter’sculturalawarenessplaysanimportantroleintheinterpretation.
KeyWords:
dietaryculture;Chinesedishnames;culturalawareness;C/Einterpretation
试析中西饮食文化差异及中餐菜名英译中的几个问题
摘要
本文通过探讨中西方饮食文化的差异以及结合实例归纳总结中式菜肴名称的翻译方法和技巧,指出影响中西方餐桌文化口译工作的因素。
餐桌上的口译必然与饮食有关,饮食与文化更是密不可分。
不同的民族造就了不同的饮食文化,所以饮食文化具有浓郁的民族性和多样性特点。
中国与英美等西方国家对饮食的观点和态度,饮食内容以及饮食特点等方面都存在着显著的差异。
本文就餐饮文化方面着重分析了中国与英美等西方国家在饮食观念,宴会礼仪,饮食内容等方面的跨文化差异,揭示了饮食文化差异对中餐菜名英译的影响。
同时通过中式菜名的翻译的事例来加以分析说明译员跨文化意识的重要性。
关键词:
饮食文化;中式菜肴名称;文化意识;英译
Contents
1.Introduction1
2.ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcountries’dietarycultures1
2.1Differencesinconcept1
2.1.1Sensibilityvs.practicality1
2.1.2Complexityvs.simplicity2
2.2Differencesintablemanners3
2.2.1Differenttable-wares:
chopsticksvs.forks3
2.2.2Differentconceptsregardingthetimeofattendance3
2.2.3Differentarrangementsofseats4
2.3Differencesincontents4
2.3.1Refinementsvs.nutrients4
2.3.2Differencesofdishnames4
3.SomepointsforinterpretingChinesedishesintoEnglish5
3.1Somemethodsofdishnames’translation5
3.1.1Thepreparationwork5
3.1.2Literaltranslation5
3.1.3Liberaltranslation6
3.1.4Thecombinationofliteralandliberaltranslation6
3.2Thecross-culturalawarenessoftheinterpreter7
3.2.1Studythedietaryculture7
3.2.2Knowthelevelofguests’understandingofChineseculture7
3.2.3Activelyparticipateintheculturalcommunication8
4.Conclusion8
5.Notes10
6.Bibliography
OntheCulturalDifferencesofDietbetweenChinaandEnglishCountriesandSomePointsforInterpretingChineseDishesintoEnglish
1.Introduction
Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheChineseeconomyandtheinfluencesofenteringtheWTO,theinternationalcommunicationactivitiesbetweenChinaandforeigncountriesarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Makingfriendsduringbanquetisakindofcommonformofcommunication.Itisagoodwaytoshowone’sloveandfriendshiptoothers,helptocreateaharmoniouscooperationatmospherebetweenbusinesspartnerstopublicizetheChinesedietaryculture.TheChinesepeople,whoarewellknownfortheirhospitalitybothathomeandabroad,shouldnotmisssuchchancestointroducetheirvariousdelicaciestoforeignfriends.Onsuchoccasions,theinterpreter,asabridgeoverpeoplefromdifferentcountries,playsatremendouslyimportantroleintheprocessoftheircommunication.However,inrecentyears,someinterpretersareoftenmisunderstoodbyforeignguestsbecauseoftheirlackofcross-cultureawarenessandtheirinabilitytotranslatesomeChinesedishnamescorrectly.TheydonotknowmuchaboutthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcountries’dietaryculturesanddonotpayenoughattentiontothetranslationmethodsfortheChinesedishname,whichaffectsthespreadingofChinesedietarycultureallovertheworld,andevensometimesmakesforeignfriendsconfused.Therefore,theauthorofthispaperfeelsthatit’snecessarytoanalyzeseveraldifferencesofChineseandEnglishcountries’dietarycultures,probeintosomeChinesedishnames’translationmethods,sothattheChineseprofounddietaryculturecouldbespreadinabetterway.
2.ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcountries’dietarycultures
Differentpeoplesandcountrieshavedifferentdietarycultures;theirrichnessanddiversityofdifferentnationalitiesarealsotheembodimentoftheircreativity.China,Britain,theUnitedStatesandotherEnglishcountrieshavesomedifferentviewsandattitudestowarddiet,andthesedifferencesmighthinderinterpretersfromtranslatingproperlyandspreadingChinesedietarycultureinabetterway.
2.1differencesinconcept
2.1.1Sensibilityvs.practicality
InChina,diethasdevelopedtoaveryimportantpartinpeople’slife.Itisalmostbeyondanyothermaterialandspiritualforms,andthishasbeenapparentlyreflectedinpeople’sdailylife.Thesevenso-calledbasicdailyneeds:
firewood,rice,oil,salt,sauces,vinegar,tea,allhavedeeprelationstodiet.Eatinggoesthroughaman’swholelife.Whenonewasborn,hisparentswouldholdabirthcelebration.Laterwhenhewasonemontholdoroneyearold,thefamilywouldgettogetherandhaveapartyagain.Whengrowingup,hewouldhavebirthdayparties,weddingpartyandevenfuneraldinnerheldforhimbyhisdescendantswhenhepassesaway.Whenavisitorcomes,hewouldpreparefortheguestaformaldinner,whichiscalledwelcomedinner.Hewouldinvitefriendstohavedinnertogetherwhenhemovesintoanewhouse,ispromotedinhiscompanyorhassolvedaseriousproblem.AlltheseshowthatpeopleinChinalikeeatingwithmuchemotions,fordinnershaveprovidedthemlotsofchancestoshowtheirloveforfriends,andexchangeinformation.Evensomeemotionalturmoilwouldbecalmeddownduringthedinnertime.Behindtheformofeating,thereareaprofusepsychologicalandculturalsignificance,aswellaspeople’srecognitionandunderstandingofsociety,whichembodyamoreprofoundsocialmeaning.Eatingnotonlyhassomeoriginalcommunicationfunction,buthasalreadytransformedintoanadjustmentofsociallifeandpsychology.
InBritain,U.S.A.andotherEnglishcountries,eatingisregardedasawayofcommunicationandanecessarysurvivalmeans.AmericanpsychologistAbrahamMaslowdivideshuman’sneedsintofivelevelsinhisfamoustheoryLawofDemand.Eatingisclassifiedintothefirstlayer,whichisthelowestlevelofhumanrequirements.LinYutang,afamousChineseanthropologicalscholar,oncesaid,“ThedietconceptsofpeoplefromEnglishcountriesaredifferentfromthoseoftheChinese.Theythinkthateatingisjustanactgivingyourbodynutrients,likeinjectingfueltoamachine,toensureitsnormaloperation.Aslongastheyarehealthyenoughtoresistdiseases,theycarelittleaboutotherproblems.”[1]Therefore,inthemindsoftheEnglishpeople,eatingjustplaysalife-sustainingroleintheirlife.WecanseeclearlythattheEnglishpeoplewouldnotassignmoreimportantmissionstoeating,whichhasbeendonebytheChinesepeopleforalongtime.
2.1.2.Complexityvs.simplicity
ThereisafundamentaldifferencebetweenChineseanddEnglishcountries’banquetconcepts.Chinesepeoplepaymuchattentiontothedinneritselfanditsarrangement.Theyprovideprofusewineandcourses,includingtenmaincoursesataformalbanquet,besidessnacks,desserts,riceornoodlesinthewholeprocedureofadinner.Themoresumptuousdishesthehostprepares,thebetterthehost’shospitalityandguest’ssocialstatusarereflected.
InEnglishcountries,grandbanquetisusuallynomorethansixdishesandmuchsimplerwhenitisonlyakindofcommondinner.SometimesfriendsintheUnitedStateswouldallcontributetoadinner,whichiscalledpotluck,[2]andmeansthateachpersonhastakenadishforsharing.Itisevidentthatitcreatesopportunitiesforfriendstogettogetherandexchangeideas.Itisreminiscentoffriendshipsandprovidesaccessforthemtogetinformation.ItissubjecttotheconceptofEnglishcountries’banquetthatthemostimportantthingofabanquetliesnotinthedishesthemselves,butinthediversifyingformofliberalization.Theownershouldtrytocreatearelaxing,harmoniousandcheerfulatmosphere,lettheguestsenjoythefreedomofawonderfultime.Generally,thatisthefirstpurposeofabanquetinEnglishcountries.
2.2Differencesintablemanners
TablemannersseemtobeespeciallyimportantbothinChinaandEnglishcountries.Differenttablemannershaveformedduringcenturiesbecauseofdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Anexcellentinterpreteralwaysknowshowtotakeadvantagesofsuchdifferencestomaketheinterpretingprocesssmoother.
2.2.1Differenttable-wares:
chopsticksvs.forks
Onthedinnertables,themostobviousdifferenceisthechoicesoftheirtablewares.TheChineseusechopstickstoclampriceanddishes,whilepeoplefromEnglishcountriescutfoodwiththeirforks.Clearly,thesedifferentconsumptionpatternsarenotanaccidentalphenomenon.Sinceancienttimes,theChinesepeoplehavebeenfarmingonland,andnowadaysthemajorityoftheChinesearestillfarmers.Insuchaculturalenvironment,peopleusuallyliveoncereal-basedfood,tendingtoliveandworkinpeace,stressingthepreciousnessofstability,opposingaggressionandattacks.WhilemanypeoplefromEnglishcountrieswerehuntersinthepast.Theylivedonmeat-baseddiet.Inordertobeabletosurviveinthecruelcircumstances,theymustbegoodathunting,andbeoffensive,aggressive.Graduallytheyhavedevelopedanadventurouscharactertrait.[3]Thesetwoculturalpreferencesarealmostcontr
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