我国隔震和消能减震结构的工程实践土木工程毕业文献翻译.docx

我国隔震和消能减震结构的工程实践土木工程毕业文献翻译.docx

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我国隔震和消能减震结构的工程实践土木工程毕业文献翻译

西南交通大学

本科毕业设计

外文文献翻译

年级:

2012级

学号:

姓名:

专业:

土木工程

指导老师:

2016年6月

Engineeringpracticeofseismicisolationand

energydissipationstructuresinChina

Theconceptsofseismicisolationandenergydissipationstructuresemergedintheearly1970s.InChina,thefirstseismicisolationstructurewasfinishedin1993,andthefirstenergydissipationstructurewasbuiltataboutthesametime.Upto2007,Chinahadmorethan600seismicisolationandabout100energydissipationbuildingstructures.In2008,thehugeWenchuanearthquakehitthesouthwestofChina,whichtriggeredabloomofnewseismicisolationandenergydissipationstructures.ThispaperpresentsthedevelopmenthistoryandrepresentativeapplicationsofseismicisolationandenergydissipationstructuresinChina,reviewsthestate-of-the-practiceofChinesedesign,anddiscussesthechallengesinthefutureapplications.Majorfindingsareasfollows:

Basicdesignproceduresarebecomingstandardizedaftermorethantenyearsofexperiences,whichmainlyinvolvedeterminationofdesignearthquakeforces,selectionofgroundmotions,modelingandtime-historyanalyses,andperformancecriteria.Nonlineartime-historyanalysesusingmultiplegroundmotionsarethecharacteristicofthedesignofseismicisolationandenergydissipationstructures.Regulations,standardizationandqualitycontrolofdevices,balancebetweenperformanceandcost,comparisonwithrealresponses,andregularinspectionareidentifiedastheissuesthatshouldbeimprovedtofurtherpromotetheapplicationofseismicisolationandenergydissipationstructuresinChina.

seismicisolationstructure,energydissipationstructure,developmenthistory,designpractice

1.Introduction

Theconceptofmodernseismicisolationemergedintheearly1970sinNewZealand,andthefirstseismicisolationbuildingwasalsobuiltinNewZealandin1981.Afewyearslater,JapanandtheUShadtheirownseismicisolationbuildingsin1983and1984,respectively.Slightlylaterthantheseearthquake-pronecountries,theapplicationoftheseismicisolationinChinabegan,andthefirstbuildingwasfinishedin1993.Upto2007,theseismicisolationtechnologyhadbeenappliedinover20countries.Intermsoftheapplicationnumbers,Japan,China,andtheUSaretheleadingcountriesintheworld.Japanhasmorethan5000seismicisolationbuildings,andthenumberfortheUSisnearly100.ThehighestseismicisolationbuildingsinJapanandtheUShave50storiesand29stories,respectively.Chinahasover600seismicisolationbuildings,andthehighesthas19stories.

In1972,Kellyetal.proposedanideatodissipateearthquakeenergybyinstallingsomesoftsteeldampersasenergydissipationdevicesinthestructure.Thisisdeemedtobetheoriginationofenergydissipationstructures.Inthebeginningof1980s,itwasimportedtoChinaandtheresearchonthenewstructuresystemstarted.Majoreffortsweremadeonthedevelopmentofenergydissipationdevicesandtheevaluationofenergydissipationstructureperformancesinthebeginning.Realapplicationsstartedtenyearslater,i.e.,intheearly1990s.Uptonow,Chinahasabout100buildingsusingenergydissipationdevices.

In2008,thehugeWenchuanearthquakehitthesouthwestofChina,leadingnearly70000deathsand800billionRMBeconomiclosses.GreateffortsfromChineseengineersocietyaremadeatevaluatingtheseismiccapacityofexistingstructuresystemsandsearchingthealternativeseismictechnologies.AresonanceworkshopwasheldatChinaAcademyofEngineeringonJune28to29,2008,andtheapplicationofseismicisolationandenergydissipationtechnologieswassuggestedasoneofthesolutionstoimprovetheseismicperformanceofbuildings.ApplicationsofseismicisolationandenergydissipationtechnologiesweresignificantlyincreasedinJapanafterthe1995Kobeearthquake.Similarly,theywereexpectedtobemorewildlyusedinChinainthefollowingyearsduetotheWenchuanearthquake.

ThispaperfirstlypresentsthedevelopmenthistoryandsomerepresentativeapplicationsofseismicisolationandenergydissipationstructuresinChina,thenreviewsthestate-of-the-practiceofChinesedesign,andfinallydiscussesthechallengesoffutureapplicationinChina.

2.Developmenthistoryandrepresentativeapplications

2.1.Seismicisolationstructures

Earlyinthe60'soflastcentury,Chineseresearchersstudiedseismicisolationbuildingsbyusinglow-costslidingsystems,andseveralsingle-storyandafour-storyisolationbuildingswereconstructedin1980.Inthelate1980s,Chinesestartedtheresearchonthemodernisolationtechnology,andafewresearchprojectswerecarriedoutintheuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes.Therealengineeringapplicationsstartedin1993.ThehistoryoftheengineeringapplicationsinChinacanbedividedintothefollowingfourstages.

From1993to1994一Afewpioneerseismicisolationbuildingswereconstructed.FundedbytheUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization（UNIDO）,Zhouconstructedaneight-storybuildinginShantouCityofChinabyusingtherubberbearingsmadeinMalaysia.ThisisdeemedtobethefirstseismicisolationbuildinginChina.TangbuiltanothertwobuildingsbyusingtheleadrubberbearingmadeinChinain1993and1994,respectively.

From1995to1996一Basedontheexperiencegainedfromthepioneerprojects,theseismicisolationtechnologyinChinawasgreatlyimproved,andmoreapplicationswereimplementedinGuangdong,Yunnan,SichuanandShanxiprovinces.Meanwhile,thepotentialmarketofrubberbearingwasrecognizedbytheChineserubberindustry,whichacceleratedtheresearchandmanufactureofChineserubberbearingdevices.

From1997to2000一QuiteafewChinesemanufacturescouldproducequalifiedrubberbearingdevices.In1997,thecorrespondingtechnicalspecificationsandproductstandardswereestablished.Figure1presentsthefloorareaofseismicisolationbuildingsupto2000.Asignificantincreaseofapplicationsin1997canbeobserved.

Figure1Floorareaofseismicisolatedbuildings（uptoyear2000）

From2001topresent一AchapteraboutseismicisolationandenergydissipationstructureswasaddedtotheChinese"CodeforSeismicDesignofBuildings"issuedin2001,meaningthattheseismicisolationstructureswereofficiallyaccepted.Thenumberofseismicisolatingbuildingsincreasedsteadilyduringthisperiod,andupto2007,morethan600isolationbuildingshadbeenconstructedinmorethan16provinces,coveringmostseismiczonesofChina.

AfewrepresentativeprojectsaregiveninFigure2.Figure2（a）showsthefirstseismicisolationbuildingmentionedabove.ShantouCity,wherethebuildingislocated,wasshakeninthe1994TaiwanStraitearthquakewithamagnitudeof7.3,andthebuildingperformedverywell.Peopleinthenearbyconventionalbuildingsfeltverystrongshaking,andsomeescapedfromthewindows,leadingto126peopleinjured,butthoseintheseismicisolationbuildingwerealmostunawareoftheearthquake.Figure2（b）showsahigh-riseseismicisolationbuilding.This19-storybuildingwasbuiltinShanxiprovince,Chinain1999.Itwasthehighestoneforalmosttenyearsuntilanotherhigh-risebuildingwith20storieswasconstructedinSichuanprovinceofChinaaftertheWenchuanearthquake.Figure2（c）givesthepictureofthenewterminalofKunmingairport,whichisthelargestseismicisolationbuildinginChina.Theseismicisolationlayerconsistsof535leadrubberbearingsand1177naturalrubberbearingswithadiameterof1000mm,and54viscousdampers.Figure2（d）showsaseismicisolationbuildinggroupinthesubwayhubareaofBeijing.Averylargeplatform（2-storyRCframe）withadimensionof1500mx2000mwasconstructed,and50seismicisolationbuildings（7-9stories,RCframe）werebuiltontheplatform.Thetotalfloorareaoftheseseismicisolationbuildingsisapproximately480000m2,rankingthefirstintheworldintermsoffloorarea.Figure2（e）showsaseismicisolationbuildingrecentlydesignedbytheauthors.ItistheNationalBiohazardSafetyLaboratoryinBeijing.Thisbuildinghasextremelyhighdemandsinbothsafetyandfunctionality,andthusseismicisolationbecomesagoodchoice.Theseismicperformancesincludingaccelerationresponseswerecarefullyconsideredinthedesign.Figure2（f）isthepictureoftheShanghaiF1CircuitPressCenter.Theseismicisolatinglayerissetattheheightof31.6m.Thislayerhasthreefunctions,i.e.,tosustaingravity,toreducetheseismicforces,andtoreleasethermalstress

Figure2RepresentativeapplicationsofseismicisolationstructuresinChina.（a）Firstbuilding;（b）highestbuilding;（c）largestbuilding;（d）largestbuildinggroup;（e）nationalbiohazardsafetylaboratory;（f）ShanghaiF1circuitpresscenter.

2.2.Energydissipationstructures.

TheconceptofenergydissipationstructureswasimportedintoChinabyWangintheearly1980s,andsincethenChineseresearchersandengineershavedonefundamentalandinnovativeworkontheenergydissipationdevicesandengineeringapplications.

Specifically,atleastthefollowingfourtypesofenergydissipationdevices,i.e.,metallicdampers,frictiondampers,visco-elasticdampers,andviscousdampers,havebeeninvestigated.Aboutthemetallicdampers,Zhouconductedexperimentalstudiesofanenergydissipationbracecomposedofflexuralsteelmembersin1980s.Sincethen,quiteafewtypesofmetallicdampers,includingbucklingrestraintbraceshavebeendevelopedbyZhouetal.

Asforthefrictiondamper,itsstudystartedfromthelate1980s.Researchers,e.g.,ZhouandWu,improved