雅思阅读机经真题解析之南极气候.docx

雅思阅读机经真题解析之南极气候.docx

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雅思阅读机经真题解析之南极气候

雅思阅读机经真题解析之南极气候

雅思阅读机经真题解析-南极气候

Antarctica-infromthecold?

AAlittleoveracenturyago,menoftheilkofScott,ShackletonandMawsonbattledagainstAntarctica'sblizzards,coldanddeprivation.InthenameofEmpireandinanageofheroicdeedstheycreatedanimageofAntarcticathatwastolastwellintothe20thcentury-animageofremoteness,hardship,bleaknessandisolationthatwastheprovinceofonlythemostcourageousofmen.Theimagewasoneofaplaceremovedfromeverydayreality,ofaplacewithnoapparentvaluetoanyone.

BAsweenterthe21stcentury,ourperceptionofAntarcticahaschanged.AlthoughphysicallyAntarcticaisnocloserandprobablynowarmer,andtospendtimetherestilldemandsadedicationnotseeninordinarylife,thecontinentanditssurroundingoceanareincreasinglyseentoanintegralpartofPlanetEarth,andakeycomponentintheEarthSystem.Isthisbecausetheworldseemsalittlesmallerthesedays,shrunkbyTVandtourism,orisitbecauseAntarcticareallydoesoccupyacentralspotonEarth'smantle?

Scientificresearchduringthepasthalfcenturyhasrevealed-andcontinuestoreveal-thatAntarctica'sgreatmassandlowtemperature

exertamajorinfluenceonclimateandoceancirculation,factorswhichinfluencethelivesofmillionsofpeopleallovertheglobe.

CAntarcticawasnotalwayscold.Theslowbreak-upofthesuper-continentGondwanawiththenorthwardmovementsofAfrica,SouthAmerica,IndiaandAustraliaeventuallycreatedenoughspacearoundAntarcticaforthedevelopmentofanAntarcticCircumpolarCurrent（ACQ,thatflowedfromwesttoeastundertheinfluenceoftheprevailingwesterlywinds.Antarcticacooled,itsvegetationperished,glaciationbeganandthecontinenttookonitspresent-dayappearance.Todaytheicethatoverliesthebedrockisupto4kmthick,andsurfacetemperaturesaslowas-89.2degChavebeenrecorded.Theicyblastthathowlsovertheicecapandouttosea-theso-calledkatabaticwind-canreach300km/hr,creatingfearsomewind-chilleffects.

DOutofthisextremeenvironmentcomesomepowerfulforcesthatreverberatearoundtheworld.TheEarth'srotation,coupledtothegenerationofcellsoflowpressureofftheAntarcticcoast,wouldallowAstronautsaviewofAntarcticathatisasbeautifulasitisawesome.Spinningawaytothenortheast,thecellsgrowanddeepen,whippinguptheSouthernOceanintothemountainousseassorespectedbymariners.RecentworkisshowingthatthetemperatureoftheoceanmaybeabetterpredictorofrainfallinAustraliathanisthepressuredifferencebetweenDarwinandTahiti-theSouthernOscillationIndex.Byreceivingmoreaccuratepredictions,graziersinnorthernQueenslandareabletoavoidoverstockinginyearswhenrainfallwillbepoor.Notonlydoesthislimittheirlossesbutitpreventsseriouspasturedegradationthatmaytakedecadestorepair.CSIROisdevelopingthisasaprototypeforecastingsystem,butwecanconfidentlypredictthatasweknowmoreabouttheAntarcticandSouthernOceanwewillbeabletoenhanceandextendourpredictiveability.

ETheocean'ssurfacetemperatureresultsfromtheinterplaybetweendoep-wa,tertemperature,airtemperatureandice.Eachwinterbetween4and19millionsquarekmofseaiceform,lockinguphugequantitiesofheatclosetothecontinent.OnlynowcanwestarttounraveltheinfluenceofseaiceontheweatherthatisexperiencedinsouthernAustralia.ButinanotherwaytheextentofseaiceextendsitsinfluencefarbeyondVAntarctica.Antarctickrill-thesmallshrimp-likecrustaceansthatarethestapledietforbaleenwhales,penguins,someseals,flightedseabirdsandmanyfish-breedwellinyearswhenseaiceisextensiveandpoorlywhenitisnot.Maryspeciesofbaleenwhalesandflightedseabirdsmigratebetweenthehemispheresandwhenthekrillarelessabundanttheydonotthrive.

FThecirculatorysystemoftheworld'soceansislikeahugeconveyorbelt,movingwateranddissolvedmineralsandnutrientsfromonehemispheretotheother,andfromtheocean'sabyssaldepthstothesurface.TheACCisthelongestcurrentintheworld,andhasthelargestflow.Throughit,thedeepflowsoftheAtlantic,IndianandPacificOceansarejoinedtoformpartofasingleglobalthermohalinccirculation.Duringwinter,thehowlingkatabaticssometimesscourtheiceoffpatchesofthesea'ssurfaceleavingLargeice-lockedlagoons,or'polynyas'.Recentresearchhasshownthatasfreshseaiceforms,itiscontinuouslystrippedawaybythewindandmaybeblownupto90kminasingleday.Sinceonlyfreshwaterfreezesintoice,thewaterthatremainsbccom.csincreasinglysaltyanddense,sinkinguntilitspillsoverthecontinentalshelf.Coldwatercarriesmoreoxygenthanwarmwater,sowhenitrises,wellintothenorthernhemisphere,itreoxygenatesandrevitalisestheocean.Thestateofthenorthernoceans,andtheirbiologicalproductivity,owemuchtowhathappensintheAntarctic.

Question14-18

ThereadingPassagehastenparagraphsA-J.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

WritethecorrectletterA-F,inboxes14-18onyouranswersheet.

14.introductionofamillmanunderawards

15.thedefinitionofanimportantgeographicalterm

16.arivalagainstHarrison’sinventionemerged

17.problemsofsailorencounteredinidentifyingthepostiononthesea

18.economicassistfromanothercounterpart

Question19-21

Summary

PleasematchthenaturalphenomenonwithcorrectdeterminedfactorChoosethecorrectanswerfromthebox;WritethecorrectletterA-Finboxes19-21onyouranswersheet.

19.Globally,massAntarctica’ssizeand_________influencetheclimatechange.

20.__________contributorytowesternwind.

21.SouthernOscillationIndexbasedonairpressurecanpredict__________inAustralia.

AAntarcticCircumpolarCurrent（ACC）

BkatabaticwindsCrainfall

DtemperatureEglaciers

Fpressure

Question22-26

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writeyouranswersinboxes22-26onyouanswersheet.

22IntheparagraphB,theauthorwanttotellwhichofthe

followingtruthaboutAntarctic?

AToshowAntarcticahasbeenacentraltopicofglobalwarminginMassmedia

BToillustrateitshugeseeicebringsfoodtomillionlivestoplacesintheworld

CToshowitistheheartanditssignificancetotheglobalclimateandcurrent

DToillustrateitlocatesinthecentralspotonEarthgeographically

23WhydoAustralianfarmersKeepaneyeontheAntarcticoceantemperature?

AHelpfarmersreducetheireconomicorecologicallosses

BRetrievegrasslanddecreasedintheovergrazingprocess

CPreventanimalfromdying

DAcellprovidesfertilizerforthegrassland

24Whatisthefinaleffectofkatabaticwinds?

AIncreasethemovingspeedofoceancurrent

BIncreasesaltlevelnearoceansurface

CBringfreshiceintosouthernoceans

DPileupthemountainousicecaprespectedbymariners

25Thebreakofthecontinentalshelfisduetothe

ASaltanddensityincrease

BSaltanddensitydecrease

Cglobalwarmingresultingarisingtemperature

Dfreshicemeltingintooceanwater

26ThedecreaseinnumberofWhalesandseabirdsisdueto

Akillerswhalesarcmoreactivearound

BSeabirdsareaffectedbyhighsealevelsalty

Clessseaicereducesproductivityoffoodsource

Dsealsfailtoreproducebabies

篇章结构

体裁

说明文

题目

南极洲的自然环境及其对全球气候和水循环等的影响

结构

A段：

之前的南极洲被人类遗忘，毫无价值

B段：

21世纪，人类对南极洲有了新的认识，发现它对气候，海洋环流有重大影响

C段：

南极洲气候变化是如何形成的

D段：

关于南极洲气候的预测对澳大利亚农业的影响

E段：

南澳大利亚的海冰对海洋生态（动物）的影响

F段：

南极海冰为北半球带来积极影响

G段：

南极洲的强大影响力得到人类肯定

试题分析

Question14-18

题目类型：

段落信息配对题

Question19-21

题目类型：

填空题

Question22-26

题目类型：

选择题

题号

定位词

文中对应点

题目解析

14

Weatherprediction,agriculture

D段第五，六句

D段第五六两句提到“通过接收更为准确的预测，放牧人能够·······。

这不仅会减少他们的损失，还可以阻止严重的草场退化”

放牧人，草场等关键词可以表明这是气候预测对畜牧业（农业）的影响

因此本答案为D

15

Seaice,ocean’svitality

F段倒数第二句

F段倒数第二句中关键词“itreoxygenatesandrevitalizestheocean”it（Antarcticseaice）给海洋补充氧气和重新激活海洋

因此本答案为F

16

Foodchain,animalslivingpattern

E段最后两句

E段第三句进行转折了之后的两句，进一步说明

Seaice对海洋生物链的影响

“Antarctickrill（thatarethestapledietforbaleenwhales,penguins,someseals,flightedseabirdsandmanyfish）在海冰充裕时，很丰富；当海冰减少时，数量减少导致许多长须鲸和海鸟离开”

因此本答案为E

17

How,Atmospherepressure,globalclimatechange

C段最后一句

C段首句说“南极洲并不总是很冷的”接着一步一步解释了南极洲气候变化形成的过程，最终katabaticwind为全球制造了可怕的风冷却效果

因此本答案为C

18

Once,forgotten,insignificant

A段第三句

A段第二句中对Antarctic的形容是“animageofremoteness,hardship,bleaknessandisolation”这是一幅遥远，艰难，阴郁，与世隔绝的景象

最后一句提到“oneofaplaceremovedfromeverydayreality,······withnoapparentvaluetoanyone”是一个远离日常现实，对任何人没有明显价值的地方

因此本答案为A

19

Antarctica’ssize,climatechange

B段最后一句

B段最后一句中总结“Scientificresearchrevealed-andcontinuestorevealsthatAntarctic’sgreatmassandlowtemperatureexertamajorinfluenceonclimateandoceancirculation,····”

因此本答案为D

20

Westernwind

C段第二句

C段第二句“···create···forthedevelopmentofanACC,thatflowedfromwesttoeastundertheinfluenceoftheprevailingwesterlywinds.”

最终发展形成的ACC影响盛行的西风从西向东流动

因此本答案为A

21

SouthernOscillationIndex,Australia

D段第四句

D段第四句“···thetemperatureoftheoceanmaybeabetterpredictorofrainfallthanis·······SouthernOscillationIndex”

本句有一个比较级说明海洋的温度和southernoscillationindex都是用来预测rainfall的

因此本答案为C

22

Heart,significance,climateandcurrent

B段最后一句

B段最后一句中的amajorinfluenceonclimateandoceancirculation正是itistheheartanditssignificancetotheglobalclimateandcurrent的同义句

因此本答案为C

23

Reduce,economiclosses

D段第五句，第六句

D段中第五句提到“通过接收更为准确的预测，当地放牧人能够避免在降雨量不足的时期过度放牧”紧接着第六句说“Notonlydoesthislimittheirl