高考英语 阅读理解 综合题含详细答案.docx
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高考英语 阅读理解 综合题含详细答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解综合题含详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Ifyou'reafanofsmarttechnology,youmayhavehadsomesleeplessnightslately.That'sbecauseAlexa,theartificialintelligence(AI)behindUScompanyAmazon'sEchosmartspeakers,hasbeen"lettingoutanunprompted(自发的),creepy(令人毛骨悚然的)cacklefornoapparentreason,accordingtoBBCNews.
ManysocialmediauserssharedtheirstoriesofAlexascaringthemwiththeseeminglyunpromptedlaugh.
"EverytimeAlexalaughs,anangeldies,"TeslaandSpaceXfounderElonMuskjokedonsocialmedia.
OnMarch7,Amazonreleasedanupdatethatfixedtheproblem,sayingthatthelaughwascausedbyEchodevicesmistakenlythinkingthatusershadsaidthecommand"Alexa,laugh".
However,whatshouldhavebeenafunnystoryraisedtheongoingtopicofmanversusmachine.
Withtheriseofartificialandrobotictechnology,"Digitalmachinesstartedtodemonstratebroadabilitiesinpatternrecognition,complexcommunication,andotherareathatusedtobeparticularlyhuman,"wroteErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeintheirbookTheSecondMachineAge:
Work,Progress,andProsperityinaTimeofBrilliantTechnologies.TheybelievethatAIwill"domoreandmore,andourliveswillgetbetter".
However,eversincetheearliestdaysofAItherehavebeenconcernsthatsomeday,softwarewilltakeovertheworld,leavingthefateofhumansunknown.
"Withartificialintelligenceweareorderthedemon(魔鬼)MusktoldstudentsduringameetingatMITin2014."IfIhadtoguessatwhatourbiggestexistentialthreatis,it'sprobablythat.Soweneedtobeverycareful
Manyscientistshavesharedthesameconcern.ThelateBritishphysicistStephenHawkingsaidatatechnologyconferenceinPortugalinNovemberthat"computerscan.intheory,imitatehumanintelligence,andexceedit•••AIcouldbetheworsteventinthehistoryofourcivilization."
IfcreatorsaretosafelycontrolALhowever,Hawkingsuggestedthatthey"employbestpracticeandeffectivemanagement".
IamanoptimistandIbelievethatwecancreateAIforthegoodoftheworld,"hesaidattheconference."Wesimplyneedtobeawareofthedangers,identifythem,employthebestpossiblepracticeandmanagement,andprepareforitsconsequenceswellinadvance."
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cackle"inParagraph1probablymean?
A.movement
B.laughter
C.scream
D.story
(2)ThestoryofAlexaisintendedto .
A.leadintothediscussionabouthumansandAI
B.proveartificialintelligencehasitsweaknesses
C.informreadersofthedevelopmentofAI
D.showhowAlexa'sproblemwasfixed
(3)AccordingtoBrynjolfssonandMcAfee,whichstatementbelowisprobablyTRUE?
A.ThedevelopmentofAIcouldthreatenoursurvivaloneday.
B.Digitalmachineshavecompleteabilitytorecognizesomethingwithoutmistakes.
C.Robotswillnevermatchhumansincomplexcommunication.
D.Humansliveswillbegreatlyimprovedwiththehelpofrobots.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.ManVS.Machine
B.TimetoControlRiseofAI
C.CreepyAI
D.AI:
TheBiggestThreat
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论述了人们对人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点,提醒我们要提前做好充分准备。
(1)考查猜测词义。
根据第二段中的"ManysocialmediauserssharedtheirstoriesofAlexascaringthemwiththeseeminglyunpromptedlaugh."可知很多社交媒体也分享了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情。
此句中的"laugh"与文章第一段中的划线词"cackle"意义一样,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
前四段中介绍了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情,再根据第五段中的"However,whatshouldhavebeenafunnystoryraisedtheongoingtopicofmanversusmachine."这个故事引起了人与机器对抗的话题。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的"TheybelievethatAIwill"domoreandmore,andourliveswillgetbetter"."可知Brynjolfsson和McAfee认为现在的人工智能机器展示出了多种能力,这些能力会让我们的生活变得更好。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
本文是一篇议论文,主要介绍了人们对于人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点。
在最后一段中作者引用了霍金的话,告诉我们要意识到人工智能的危险,要做好充分的准备。
B项符合文章中心思想。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
TheOutdoorCityAdventureBookFestival
ForoneweekinJuly,SheffieldCentralLibrarybecomesthecenterofadventureintheOutdoorCity.Checkoutsomeoftheevents.Mostofthemarefreebutearlybookingisrecommended.
July10
BeeQuest-AHuntfortheWorld'sMostElusive(难以捕捉的)BeesCentrallibraryCarpenterRoom,7:
00-8:
30pm.
Ahuntfortheworld'smostelusivebeesleadsProfessorDaveGoulsonfromPolandtoPatagonia,deepintotheEcuadorianJungle.Healsoexploresclosertohome.
Amongsecretplaceshiddenrightunderournosesandthroughhisscientificexpertise(专业知识),showsusthatbeautyhidesinthemostsurprisingplaces.
July11
ClarionCall:
AHeartfeltTributetoSheffield'sAccessPioneers
CentrallibraryCarpenterRoom,10:
30-11:
30am.
Well-knownwalker,activistandcampaigner,TerryHowardtakesusbackahundredyearsandsharesthestoryoftheroleSheffieldersplayedinthefirstfightsforourrighttofreelywalkonthePeakDistrictmoors(旷野).TheClarionRamblersisthoughttobethefirstworkingclasswalkingclub.Thisisthestoryoftheirimportantroleingainingustheaccessweallenjoytoday.
July12
TheWainwrightsinColorCentralLibraryCarpenterRoom,1:
30-2:
30pm.
InspiredbytheworkofthegreatAlfredWainwright,over10yearsAndyBeckhasreproducedinwatercolorall1,500picturesdrawninAPictorialGuidetotheLakelandFells.AndyspeaksabouthowthescenesintheLakeDistricthavechangedduringthelast50years.
July13
Craft(制作)YourOwnAdventureJournal-AWorkshopCentralLibraryReadingRoom,2:
00-3:
00pm,£5.
Learnpapercrafttechniquestomakeyourownbeautifultraveljournal.Getadvicefromourexperttutoronusingoldphotosadventuresandholidays.
Collectingstoriesandmemoriesfromyour.
(1)Whicheventshouldyouchooseifyou'reinterestedinbees?
A. BeeQuest. B. ClarionCall.
C. TheWainwrightsinColor.
D. CraftYourOwnAdventureJournal.
(2)WhatdayistherighttimetosharethestoryofSheffielders?
A. July10. B. July11. C. July12. D. July13.
(3)WhatisspecialaboutCraftYourOwnAdventureJournal?
A. Itlaststhelongest.
B. Itneedsreservation.
C. Itcallsforadmissioncharges.
D. Itoffersthemostinterestingstories.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)B
(3)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了几个户外城市探险书展。
在七月的一个星期里,谢菲尔德中央图书馆成为户外城市的冒险中心。
这些事件,大部分都是免费的,但建议大家要提前预订。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据 July10部分中的”BeeQuest-AHuntfortheWorld'sMostElusive(难以捕捉的)BeesCentrallibraryCarpenterRoom“,可知,BeeQuest中可寻找世界上最难以捉摸的蜜蜂,如果你对蜜蜂感兴趣,可以到BeeQuest,故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据July11部分中的”CentrallibraryCarpenterRoom,...Thisisthestoryoftheirimportantroleingainingustheaccessweallenjoytoday"可知,在7月11日的ClarionCall是分享谢菲尔德故事的最佳时机。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据July13部分中的个"Craft(制作)YourOwnAdventureJournal-AWorkshopCentralLibraryReadingRoom,2:
00-3:
00pm,£5."可知,在这个活动中,要收取费用5英镑。
而上文其他的活动中都不收取费用,这是这个活动与其他不同之处,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
PeoplespeakEnglishindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thesamewordscanbeusedindifferentways,dependingonwhereyoulive.Peoplecanalsohavecompletelydifferentwaysofsayingthesamething.
TheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED)isaskingthepublictohelpitaddnewwords.EditorswanttofindtheregionaldifferencesinEnglisharoundtheworld.Theywanttoexpanditsrecordofthelanguage.
Lastyear,theOED,BBCRadioandtheForwardArtsFoundationteameduptofindlocalwordsintheUnitedKingdom.Itresultedinmorethan100regionalwordsandphrasesbeingaddedtothedictionary.Onewas"cuddywifter",whichmeansaleft-handedperson.
Now,theOEDiswideningitssearchtoEnglishspeakersaroundtheworld.EleanorMaier,aneditoratOED,saidtheresponsehasbeengreat.Editorsarelistingabunchofsuggestionstoincludeinthedictionary.
TheseincludeHawaii's"hammajang",whichmeans"inadisorderlystate".Anotheristhewordforaswimmingcostume,"dookers"or"duckers".ItisusedinScotland.
TheOEDalsomightincludetheword"frog-drowner",whichAmericansmightusetodescribeadownpourofrain.Anotherpossibilityis"brick".Itmeans"verycold"topeopleinNewJerseyandNewYorkCity.
Thedictionaryhasalreadyfoundthat,dependingonlocation,apicturehangingoffcentermightbedescribedas"agley".Itmightalsobecalled"catawampous"or"ahoo".
"TheOEDaimstocoveralltypesofEnglish,"Maiersaid.Thatincludesscientificwords,slangandregionallanguage.MaieralsosaidthatitcanbedifficultfortheOED'seditorstoidentifyregionalwords.Thetermsaremoreoftenspokenthanwrittendown.
TheappealiscalledWordsWhereYouAre.Itislookingformoresuggestions."Weweresurprisedandpleasedbythenumberofregionalwordswewereabletoinclude,"saidMaier.
(1)WhichlocalwordofthefollowingmostlikelycomesfromoneregionoftheUnitedKingdom?
A. Hammajang.
B. Dookers.
C. Catawampous.
D. Frog-drowner.
(2)Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A. Itischallengingtocreateacompletecollectionofregionalwords.
B. Peoplearenotenthusiasticabouttheappealforregionalwords.
C. Regionalwordsaremoreusedorallythaninwrittenform.
D. Understandingregionalwordscanbehelpfulwhencommunicating.
(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?
A. It'stimetotrackwherethelocalwordscomefrom.
B. ThesameEnglishwordscanbeusedtosaydifferentthings.
C. OEDaimstoexpa
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