READINGPASSAGE1.docx
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READINGPASSAGE1.docx
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READINGPASSAGE1
READINGPASSAGE1
NETWORKING
Networkingasaconcepthasacquiredwhatisinalltruthanunjustifiedairofmodernity.Itisconsideredinthecorporateworldasanessentialtoolformodernbusinessperson,astheytrotroundtheglobedrummingupthebusinessforthemselvesOraCorporation.Theconceptiswornlikeabadgeofdistinction,andnotjustinthebusinessworld.
Peoplecanbedividedbasicallyintothosewhokeepknowledgeandtheirpersonalcontactstothemselves,andthosewhoarepreparedtosharewhattheyknowandindeedtheirfriendswithothers.Apersonwhoisinsecure,forexamplesomeonewhofindsitdifficulttoshareinformationwithothersandwhoisunabletobringpeople,includingfriend,togetherdoesnotmakeagoodnetworker.Theclassicnetworkerissomeonewhoisstrongenoughwithinthemselvestoconnectdifferentpeopleincludingclosefriendswitheachother.Forexample,abusinessmanoranacademicmaymeetsomeonewhoislikelytobeavaluablecontactinthefuture,butatthemomentthatpersonmaybenefitfrommeetinganotherassociateorfriend.Ittakesquiteasecurepersontobringthesepeopletogetherandallowarelationshiptodevelopindependentlyofhimself.Fromthenon–networker’spointofviewsuchadevelopmentmaybeintolerable,especiallyifitishappeningoutsidethecontrol.Theunfortunatethinghereisthattheinitiatorofthecontact,ifhedidbutknowit,wouldbeheonetobenefitmost.Andwhy?
Becauseallthingbeingequal,peoplemovewithincirclesandthatpersonhasthepotentialofbeingsuckedintoevergrowingspheresofnewcontacts.Itissaidthat,ifyouknow8people,youareintouchwitheveryoneintheworld.Itdoesnottakemuchcommonsensetorealizethepotentialforanykindofventureasoneisabletodrawontheexperienceofmoreandmorepeople.
Unfortunately,makingnewcontacts,businessorotherwide,whileitbringssucces,doescauseproblems.Itenlargestheindividual’sworld.Thisisintruthnotaltogetherabadthing,butitputsmorepressureonthenetworkerthroughhishavingtomaintainaneverlargercircleofpeople.Themostconvenientwayoutis,perhaps,toculloldcontacts,butthiswouldbeanathematoournetworkerasitwoulddefeatthewholepurposeofnetworking.Anotherproblemisthereactionoffriendsandassociates.Spreadingoneselfthinlygivesonelesstimeforotherswhowereperhapsclothiertooneinthepast.Intheworkplace,thiscancausetensionwithjealouscolleagues,andevenwithsuperiorswhomightbetemptedtoreininamoresuccessfulinferior.Jealousyandenvycanprovetobeverydetrimentalifoneisfacedwithaveryinsecuremanager,asthispersonmayseektostiflesomeone’scareerorevenblockitcompletely.Theanswerhereistoletone’ssuperiorsshareintheglory;tothrowthemafewcrumbsofcomfort.Itiscalledleadershipfromthebottom.
Inthepresentbusinessclimate,companiesandenterprisesneedtoco–operatewitheachotherinordertoexpand.Asglobalizationgrowsapace,companiesneedtobeabletospannotjustcountriesbutcontinents.Whilstpeoplemayrailagainstthisdevelopmentitisforthemomentheretosay.Withowco-operationandcontacts,specialistcompanieswillnotsurviveforlong.Computercomponents,forexample,needtobecompatiblewiththevariousmachinesonthemarketandtoachievethis;firmsneedtoworkintheconjunctionwithothers.Nobusinessorinstitutioncanaffordtobeanislandintoday’senvironment.Inthenotverydistantpast,itwaspossibleforcompaniestogoitalone,butitisnowmoredifficulttodoso.
Thesameappliesintheacademicworld,whereideashavebeenjealouslyguarded.Theopening-upofuniversitiesandcollegestotheoutsideworldinrecentyearshasbeenofenormousbenefittoindustryandeducationalinstitutions.Thestereotypicalacademicisonewhomovesinararefiedatmospherelivingalifeofsometimessplendidisolation,aprisoneroftheirowngenius.Thissortofpersondosenotfiteasilyintothemouldofthemodernnetworker.Yeteventhisinsularworldischanging.Theivorytowersarebeingleftevermorefrequentlyaseducationalexpertsforgelinkswithotherbodies;sometimestostunningeffectasinSiliconValleyinAmericaandaroundCambridgeinEngland,whichnowhasoneofthemostconcentratedclustersofhightechcompaniesinEurope.
Itisthenetworkers,thewheeler-dealers,themoversandshakerscallthemwhatyouwill,thatcarrytheworldalong.TheworldoftheNeanderthalswasshakenbetween35,000and40,000BC;theyweresupersededbyHomosapienswiththevery‘networking’skillsthatseparateusfromotheranimals:
understanding,thoughtabstractionandculture,whichareinextricablylinkedtoplanningsurvivalandproductivityinhumans.Itissaidthemeekwillinherittheearth.Butwillthey?
Question1-5
Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationinpassage1?
Inbox1-5onyouranswersheetwrite
Yesifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation
Noifthestatementcontradictstheinformation
Notgivenifthereisnoinformationaboutthestatement
Examplesanswer
Networkingistheconcept.Yes
1.Networkingisnotamodernidea.
2.Networkingiswornlikeabadgeexcusivelyinthebusinessworld.
3.Peoplefallintotwobasiccategories.
4.Apersonwhosesharesknowledgeandfriendsmakesabetternetworkerthanonewhodoesnot.
5.Theclassicnetworkerisphysicallystrongandgenerallyingoodhealth.
Question6-10
UsingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassage,completethesentensesbelow.
6.Makingnewacquaintances…………………………,butalsohasitsdisadvantages.
7.Atwork,problemcanbecausedifthemanageris……………………………
8.Amanagercansuppress,oreventotally……………………………..,thecareerofanemployee.
9.Inthebusinesstoday,workingtogetherisnecessaryinorderfor……………………………togrow.
10.Businessthatspecializewillnotlastforlongwithow…………………………
Question11-15
UsingNOMORETHREEWORDSfromthepassage,completethesentencesbelow.
11.Inwhichsphereoflifehaveideasbeenprotectedjealously?
……………………
12.Whichtypeofindividualdoesnoteasilybecomeamodernnetworker?
…………………………
13.WhereoneofthegreatestconcentrationsofhightechiscompaniesaEurope?
………………………………
14.WhoreplacedtheNeanderthals?
…………………………………….
15.What,aswellasunderstandingandthoughtabstraction,setsupapartfromotheranimals?
………………………………….
FUTHERPRACTICEFORREADINGPASSAGE1
Thequestionsbelowwillhelpyoutomakesurethatyouhavechosenthecorrectanswersforquestions1-5onreadingpassege1.
Question1.lookatthefistsentenceofparagraphoneandanswerthefollowingquestions
1.Whichadjectivequalitiesthephrase‘airofmodernity’?
………………………………………………………….
2.Whatisthemeaningoftheword‘unjustified’?
a.notvalid
b.notreal
c.withoutjustifice
d.withouttruth
3.Whatdoestheword‘acquired’mean?
……………………………………….
4.Doesthesentencebelowagreewiththetext?
Thewiterstatesthatnetworkingisanoldconcept.
………………………………………
Question2.
Lookatthelastsentenceofparagraphoneandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1.Whatdoestheword‘concept’referto?
……………………………
2.Doesthetextrestrictthewearingofthebadgetothebusinessworld?
Orisittakinggenerally?
………………………………………………………………….
3.Whichphaseinthelastsentencetellsyouthis?
………………………………………………..
Question3.Lookatthefistsentenceparagraphtwoandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1.Howmanytypesdoesthewritersaypeoplecanbedividedinto?
………………………………………………………………
2.Doesthetextmentionanumber?
………………………………………………………………...
3.Therefore,doyouknowhowmanytypesofpeoplethereare?
Istheinformationgiven?
………………………………………………………………
Question4.Lookatthefistsentenceofsecondparagraphandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1.Whosharethingswithother?
……………………………………
2.Whodoesnotshare?
…………………………………
3.Doesthetextmakeadirectcomparisonbetweenthetwotypes?
………………………………………………………
4.Isitclearfromthetextwhichtypeofpersonisbetteratnetworking?
………………………………………………………………
Question5.Lookatthesecondparagraphandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1.Whatdoestheword‘strong’meaninthetext?
……………………………………………………
2.Doesthetextmentionphysicalweaknessornotbeingphysicallystrong?
……………………………………………………
3.Doesthetextmentionanythingaboutgeneralhealth?
………………………………………………….
READINGPASSAGE2
ASILENTFORCE
AThereisalegendthatStAugustineinthefourthcenturyADwasthefirstindividualtobeseenreadingsilentlyratherthanaloud,orsemi-aloud,ashasbeenthepracticehitherto.ReadinghascomealongwaysinceAugustine’sday.Thereatimewhenitwasamenialjobofscribesandpriests,notthemarkofcivilazationitbecameinEuropeduringtheRenaissancewhenitwasseenasoneoftheattributesofthecivilizedindividual.
BModernnationsarenowseriouslyaffectedbytheirlevelsofliteracy.WhiletheWesternworldhasseenanoticeabledeclineintheseareas,otherlessdevelopedcountrieshaveadvancedand,insomecases,overtakentheWest.Indian,forexample,nowhaslargepoolofeducatedworkers.SoEuropeancountriescannolongerrestontheirlaurelsastheyhavedoneforfartoolong;otherwise,theyareindangeroffallingevenfurtherbehindeconomically.
CItisdifficultinthemodernworldtodoanythingotherthanabasicjobwithoutbeingabletoread.Readingasaskillisthekeytoaneducatedworkforce,whichinturnisthebedrockofeconomicadvancement,particularlyinthepresenttechnologicalage.Studieshaveshownthatbyincreasingtheliteracyandnumeracyskills
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