daniel defoe 教学大纲.docx
- 文档编号:30129619
- 上传时间:2023-08-05
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:14
- 大小:22.52KB
daniel defoe 教学大纲.docx
《daniel defoe 教学大纲.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《daniel defoe 教学大纲.docx(14页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
danieldefoe教学大纲
•EnglishLiterature
•TheEighteenthCentury
•DanielDefoe
•DanielDefoe
Hisparentswere Presbyterian dissenters;hewaseducatedina dissentingacademy at NewingtonGreen runby CharlesMorton andisbelievedtohaveattended thechurchthere.Duringthisperiod,Englandwasnottolerantofallformsofreligiousbelief.RomanCatholicswerefearedandhated.Dissentersrefusedtoconformtotheservicesofthe ChurchofEngland;theyweredespisedandoppressed.
•DanielDefoe
Businesscareer
ØDefoeenteredtheworldofbusinessasageneralmerchant,dealingatdifferenttimesinhosiery,generalwoollengoodsandwine.Inafewyearshebecameprosperous,butsoonwentbankruptbecauseofpoorspeculations做投机买卖andinvestments.
•DanielDefoe
HisMarriage
ØIn1684,DefoemarriedMaryTuffley,thedaughterofaLondonmerchant,receivingadowryof£3,700-ahugeamountbythestandardsoftheday.Withhisdebtsandpoliticaldifficulties,themarriagewasmostlikelytroubled,butitlasted50yearsandproducedeightchildren,sixofwhomsurvived.
•DanielDefoe
Pamphleteeringandprison
ØDefoewrotesomepamphletsagainstreligiouspersecutionsenforcedbytheking’spolicies.Becauseofhispamphlet“TheShortestWaywiththeDissenters”,DefoewassentencedtothreemonthsinNewgateprison,and,inaddition,standinginpilloryforthreedays.
ØBecauseofhisreligiousfeelingshewrotesomeotherwritingswhichalsoresultedinhislandingtwicemoreinprison
•DanielDefoebyJamesCharlesArmytage
•Majorworks
•Fiction
•RobinsonCrusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》1719
•CaptainSingleton《辛格尔顿船长》1720
•MollFlanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》1722
•AJournalofthePlagureYear《大疫年记事》1722
•Non-fiction
•AGeneralHistoryofthePyrates
•TheShortestWaywiththeDissenters《消灭不同教派的捷径》→入狱6个月,枷示3次
•Essay
•TheCompleteEnglishTradesman
•AnEssayuponProjects《论开发》1967→hisfirstnotablepublication
•Poems
•HymntothePillory《枷锁颂》→wroteinprison:
imitatedthelyricpoemofGreekpoetPindaros(品达罗斯).
•TheTrue-BornEnglishman《地道的英国人》1701→hisfirstsatiricalpoem&themostsuccessfulpoem
•TheReview《法国时事评论》
•TransitionalPage
•RobinsonCrusoe
ØDanielDefoe’smostfamousnovelwaspublishedin1719withthefulltitle, TheLifeandstrangeandsurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe.Itisbased,infact,upontheexperiencesofAlexanderSelkirkwhohadrunawaytoseain1704andhadbeenleftonanuninhabitedislandandthenwasrescuedfiveyearslater.
•TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe.
•Robinson’sfather,amerchant,encouragedhimtostudylaw,Crusoeexpresseshiswishtogotoseainstead.HisfamilyisagainstCrusoegoingouttosea,andhisfatherexplainsthatitisbettertoseekamodest,securelifeforoneself.Initially,Robinsoniscommittedtoobeyinghisfather,butheeventuallysuccumbstotemptationandembarksonashipboundforLondonwithafriend.
•3.Butnosoonerweremyeyesopen,butIsawmyPollsittingontopofthehedge树篱;andimmediatelyknewthatitwashethatspoketome;forjustinsuchbemoaning惋惜languageIhadusedtotalktohim,andteachhim;andhelearneditsoperfectlythathewouldsituponmyfingerandlayhisbillclosetomyface,andcry,“PoorRobinCrusoe!
Whereareyou?
Wherehaveyoubeen?
Howcomeyouhere?
”andsuchthingsasIhadtaughthim.
•Explanation
•WhenCrusoereturnsfromhisnearlyfatalcanoetripinChapterXVItofindhisparrotcallinghisname,thesceneexpressesthepathos悲怅;痛苦ofhavingonlyabirdtowelcomehimhome.Crusoedomesticatesthebirdinanattempttoprovidehimselfwithasubstitutefamilymember,aswelearnlaterwhenhereferstohispetsinChapterXVIIashis“family.”Poll’sfriendlyaddresstohismasterforeshadowsFriday’sroleasconversationpartnerinCrusoe’slife.Crusoe’ssolitudemaynotbeassatisfyingasheletson.Moreover,Poll’swordsshowaself-pityingsideofCrusoethatheneverrevealsinhisnarration.
•Teachingthebirdtocallhim“poor”ina“bemoaning”toneshowsthathemayfeelmorelikecomplainingthanheadmitsinhisstoryandthathisChristianpatiencemightbewearingthin.Poll’sgreetingalsohasaspiritualsignificance:
itcomesrightafterCrusoe’snear-deathexperienceinthecanoe,anditseemstocomefromadisembodiedspeaker,sinceCrusoeimaginesapersonmustbeaddressinghim.ItseemslikeamysticalmomentuntilthewordsarerevealednottobeGod’s,butCrusoe’sownwordsrepeatedbyabird.Cutofffromhumancommunication,Crusoeseemscutofffromdivinecommunicationtoo—hecanonlyspeaktohimself.
•Lifeontheisland
•Peacefullife
•Disturbed
•Plantogo
•Adaptedhimselftothelifeonadesolateislandandlivedapeacefullifefor12years.
•buildfortress(堡垒)
•Keepacalendar
•buildabower(凉亭)
•makewickerbaskets
•makeacanoe(独木舟)
•hunt,growbarleyand
rice,drygrapes
•makepotteryandraisegoats
•adoptasmallparrot.
•readtheBibleandbecomereligious
•…
•lifeontheisland
•Foundnakedfootprint
•Discoverednativecannibals(食人族)
•Savedaprisoner(called"Friday”)
•Anotherpartyofnativesarrived
•KilledmostofthemandsavedFriday'sfatherandaSpaniard
•BuiltashipandsailedtoaSpanishport.
•AnEnglishshipappeared
•Helpedthecaptainquellamutinyandretooktheship
•Showedtheformermutineershowhelivedontheisland
•BacktoEngland
•Parentsdied.
•DepartedforLisbontoreclaimtheprofitsofhisestateinBrazilwithFriday.→overland
•Gotmarriedandhad3children.
•LeftEnglandandrevisitedtheisland
•onhisvoyage.
•
CharacterAnalysis
WhatisRobinsonCrusoe's
mostadmirablecharactertrait?
•TheimageofRobinsonCrusoe
•AnenterprisingEnglishman.
•abourgeoisiewithadventurousandpracticalspirit.
•bourgeoisieofcolonizingcharacter.
•Alaborer,hard-workingindustrious
•vigorous,alertandresourceful
TheflawsinthecharacterofRobisonCrusoe性格缺陷
•1.Crusoeseemsincapableofdeepfeeling
•2.Hisurgetosubjugateothers(Europeancolonialthought欧洲殖民主义思想)
Crusoeseemsincapableofdeepfeeling
1.hisfamily
Hiscoldaccountofhisfamilyandneverdisplaysanyemotionaboutleaving.
2.comparetoFriday
3.littleboy
(Hecoldlyselltheboytothecaptainwithoutcompunction内疚atall.)
4.hiswife
(Hisindifferencetohiswife'sdeath.)
•
•Afigureofculturalsignificance;
•anenduringpoliticalsymbolofracialinjustice;
•Acharactermuchmorecharismaticandcolorfulthanhismaster;
•Afigureofreligioussignificance;
•Acharacterthatbringsloveandemotionalwarmth.
•Themajorthemestheauthorexploresinthenovel
•1.Thelabor,thecreativityofbourgeoisie
•2.TheUtopianThoughtoftheWest
•3.Anglo-centrism—‘EuropeanservantandNegroslaveonhisplantationinBrazil
•4.Slaveryandtheestablishmentofcolony
•5.Greatdesireformakingwealthabroad(Britishdream)
•6.LackofChristiandoctrineandteachingsbecomesasymbolofignoranceandinferiority.Whenthecaptainofferstopurchaseluxury,heistrulyplayingthepartofasavior,atleastinDefoe'smind
•Thethemeofthestory
•Toreaditsimply
•Seaadventures,isolation
•aherostrugglingagainstnatureandhumanfate
•Toreaditpolitically
•Colonialexpansion
•Toreaditsocially
•Dignityoflabor,risefromragstoriches
•Quotations
1.Chapter25
•“Myislandwasnowpeopled,andIthoughtmyselfveryrichinsubjects臣民;anditwasamerryreflection,whichIfrequentlymade,howlikeakingIlooked.
•Firstofall,thewholecountrywasmyownmereproperty,sothatIhadanundoubtedrightofdominion.Secondly,mypeoplewereperfectlysubjected.Iwasabsolutelord君主andlawgiver立法者,theyallowedtheirlivestome,andwerereadytolaydowntheirlives,iftherehadbeenoccasionofit,forme.”
•Explanation
Thispassage,fromChapterXXV,showsusCrusoe’sastonishingabilitythroughoutthenoveltoclaimpossessionofthings.HesellshisfellowslaveXurytothePortuguesecaptaineventhoughhehasnoclaimofownershipovertheboy.HeseizesthecontentsoftwowreckedshipsandtakesFridayashisservantimmediatelyaftermeetinghim.Mostremarkably,heviewstheislanditselfas“myownmereproperty”overwhichhehas“anundoubtedrightofdominion.”Wemaywonderwhyhehasnoreasontoatleast doubthisrightofdominion,buthisfaithinhispropertyrightsseemsabsolute.
Moreover,Crusoe’sconceptionofpropertydetermineshisunderstandingofpolitics.Hejokesabouthis“merryreflection”oflookinglikeaking,butitseemsmorethanamerrythoughtwhenherefersto“mypeople”being“perfectlysubjected.”KingshipislikeownershipforCrusoe.Hedoesnotmentionanydutiesorobligationstowardhispeople.Hissubjectsareforhimlikehispossessions:
heimaginesthemgratefulforbeingowned,expectingnothingfurtherfromCrusoe.Ofcourse,thisviewisonlyCrusoe’spresumption.ItishardtobelievethattheSpaniardsincerelyseeshimselfas“perfectlysubjected”toCrusoe,evenifCrusoedoessavehislife.Nevertheless,Crusoe’spersonalpointofviewdominatesthenovelandshowsushowdeeplycolonialismdependedonaself-righteous,proprietarywayofthinking.
•3.Butnosoonerweremyeyesopen,butIsawmyPollsittingontopofthehedge树篱;andimmediatelyknewthatitwashethatspoketome;forjustinsuchbemoaning惋惜languageIhadusedtotalktohim,andteachhim;andhelearneditsoperfectlythathewouldsituponmyfingerandlayhisbillclosetomyface,andcry,“PoorRobinCrusoe!
Whereareyou?
Wherehaveyoubeen?
Howcomeyouhere?
”
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- daniel defoe 教学大纲