论《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》中的 哥特式风格.docx

论《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》中的 哥特式风格.docx

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论《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》中的哥特式风格

本科毕业论文

论《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》中的

哥特式风格

学院外国语学院

专业英语教育

年级2006级

学号***************

姓名次珍

指导教师王丽

成绩

二○一○年四月

StudyontheGothicCharacteristicsin

ARoseforEmily

CiZhen

Supervisor

WangLi

AThesisSubmittedin

PartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeof

B.A.inEnglish

SCHOOLOFFOREIGNLANGUAGES

SOUTHWESTUNIVERSITY

April,2010

Acknowledgements

Firstandforemost,Iwouldliketoshowmydeepestgratitudetomysupervisor,Ms.WangLi,arespectable,responsibleandresourcefulscholar,whohasprovidedmewithvaluableguidanceineverystageofthewritingofthisthesis.Shehasofferedmevaluableideas,suggestionsandcriticismswithherprofoundknowledgeinlinguisticsandrichresearchexperience.Herpatienceandkindnessaregreatlyappreciated.Ihavelearntfromheralotnotonlyaboutdissertationwriting,butalsotheprofessionalethics.I’mgratefulforhereffortsofhelpingmecompletethedissertation.Withoutherenlighteninginstruction,impressivekindnessandpatience,Icouldnothavecompletedmythesis.Herkeenandvigorousacademicobservationenlightensmenotonlyinthisthesisbutalsoinmyfuturestudy.IshallextendmythankstoMs.Wangforallherkindnessandhelp.Iwouldalsoliketothankallmyteachersandclassmateswhohavehelpedmetodevelopthefundamentalandessentialacademiccompetence.Lastbutnotleast,I’dliketothankallmyfriendsfortheirencouragementandsupport.

Contents

StudyontheGothicCharacteristicsin

ARoseforEmily

Abstract

ARoseforEmilywrittenbyAmericanwriterWilliamFaulknerisregardedastherepresentativeworkofsoutherngothicfictionofAmerica.ThestorywritesMissEmily’stragiclifeandit’sfullofsuspenseandintenselyinteresting.

ThispaperanalyzesthegothiccharacteristicsinARoseforEmilyonseveralangles,suchasEmily’shouse,thetheme,thenarrativewayandthecharacteraftersearchingformanyreferencesaboutgothicliteratureinlibraryandlearningaboutthetraditionalgothiccharacteristicsinliterature.Thesignificanceofthestudyistosharepersonalopinionsaboutthenovelandunderstandthisnovelbetterandgivereaderssomenewenlightenmentandthinkingofgothiccharacteristicsinliterature.Andthegothiccharacteristicswerereflectedinthenovelandbecauseofthesegothiccharacteristicstheauthorexpresseshiscomplicatedfeelingpreciselyandfully.

Keywords:

ARoseforEmily,gothiccharacteristics;narrativeway

论《献给艾米丽的一支玫瑰花》中的

哥特式风格

次珍

西南大学外国语学院，重庆400715

内容摘要

美国作家威廉.福克纳的作品《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》被视为美国南方哥特式小说的杰作。

这部小说讲述了爱米丽小姐悲惨的一生，充满悬疑，耐人寻味。

这篇论文主要从几个角度讨论了《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》的哥特式风格。

这篇论文主要通过分析小说的几个角度，如：

艾米莉家的描写，主题，叙述方式以及人物来体现《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》中的哥特式特点或风格。

因此，到图书馆寻找大量的有关哥特式文学的材料并且了解文学中的哥特式风格或特点。

这篇论文的目的或意义在于分享个人对这部小说的了解见解，还有让读者更好地了解这部小说并且能给读者有关哥特式文学的新的启发或思考。

《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》的很多方面都体现了哥特式特点或风格，并且因为它的哥特式特点作者才充分地，准确地表达了他当时复杂的感情。

关键词：

《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》；哥特式风格；叙述方式

StudyontheGothicCharacteristicsin

ARoseforEmily

1.Introduction

Asasplendidliteraturework,ARoseforEmilyhasbeenstudiedbymanyscholars,andtherearealotofstudyachievementsfromdifferentaspects.Somescholarstudieditswritingskills,suchasnarrativeskillsortechniques,andtheusingofsymbolism;andsomestudieditscontent,suchasthecharacterofEmilyanditstragicelements;andothersstudiedthebackgroundorsettingofthestory.

ThispapergivestheprioritytotheanalysisofgothiccharacteristicsinARoseforEmilyfrompointsofthedescriptionofEmily’shouse,thetheme,thenarrativeway,andthecharacter.TheaimofthisstudyistosharepersonalopinionsanddeepentheunderstandingaboutWilliamFaulknerandhismasterpiece,ARoseforEmily,whichhadagreatinfluenceonEuropeanandAmericanliterature.Hopefully,thediscussionsinthisstudycanhavesomesignificanceinbetterunderstandingofthisnovelandgivingreaderssomenewenlightenmentandthinkingofgothiccharacteristicsinliterature.Afterlearningaboutthegothiccharacteristicsinthestory,thereadersmayunderstandthestoryeasilyanddeeply.

ThispaperdiscussestheGothiccharacteristicsofARoseforEmilyonseveralangles,anditisdividedintofourparts.

Inthefirstpart,itintroducestheWilliamFaulknerandhisARoseforEmilybrieflyandpointsouttheaimandthesignificanceofthestudy.

Inthesecondpartitintroducesthegothiccharacteristicsinliterature.Inthethirdpartwhichisthemostimportantpart,itpointsoutthattheauthorusesgothiccharacteristicsfromfouraspectsofthedescriptionofEmily’shouse,thetheme,thenarrativeway,andthecharacter.Inthelastpart,itconcludesthattheauthorcombinesgothiccharacteristicswiththerealisticcontentsuccessfullyandexpresseshiscomplicatedfeelingpreciselybecauseofusinggothiccharacteristics.

2.AbriefintroductionofWilliamFaulknerandhisARoseforEmily

WilliamFaulknerisoneofthemostdistinguishwriterinAmericanliterature.HewasbornandlivedintheSouth,whichinfluencedhimgreatly,therefore,mostofhisworksdescribedthepeopleandtheirlivesintheSouth.AstheappearanceofFaulkner,theSouthappearedtheliterarygloriesof“theSouthRenaissance”,whicheverwascalled“theliterarydesert."（YuJianhua,TheSecondProsperousofAmericanLiterature,460）.

Heinventedacountyandatowninhisimagination,andhewroteaboutthesocietyintheSouthbyinventingfamilieswhichrepresenteddifferentsocialforces:

theold,decayingupperclass;therising,ambitious,unscrupulousclassof“poorwhites”;andtheNegroeswholaboredforbothofthem.HismajorworksincludedSartoris,TheUnvanquished,TheSoundandtheFury,AsILayDying,TheTownandARoseforEmily（LaurenceB.Holland,TheNortonAnthologyofAmericanLiterary,534-537）.

Publishedin1930,ARoseforEmilywasoneofthebestknownandthemostwidelyreadnovelamongWilliamFaulkner’sshortstories.ThestorytookplaceinamythicaltownthatWilliamFaulknercalledJefferson,Mississippi.ThestoryhappenedattheperiodofthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturieswhenthetownwaslearningtolivewithSouth’slossintheCivilWarandtheconsequentdismantlingoftheslavery-basedsocietythathadprecededit.BecauseofthelossintheCivilWar,peopleinthesouthledapoorlife.Especiallythewhitepeople,theirlifesuddenlybecomepoorbecausemostoftheslaveswenttothenorthtoworkforthenorthernindustry，sothewhitepeoplecouldn’tgetaccustomedtothelifechangeinashorttime,buttheystillpretendedtobenobleandkepttheirfamily’sdignity（HowardClincotton,AmericanHistory,30）.

Thestorydescribedawhitewoman,Emily’stragiclifeundertheSouth’slossintheCivilWar.Emily’slifewasstronglydominatedbyherfather,andshehadnorighttodatewithmalesandchooseherlover.Afterherfather’sdeath,shecouldonlydatewithanorthernworker.Buttoherdisappointment,theworkerrefusedtomarryher,andtherefusaldrovehertokillhimbyusingpoison,andshelethisbodycompanyher.AfterEmily’sdeath,thetownpeoplediscoveredaskeletoninthehouse,andfoundoutthatthepoorEmilywasamurder,andpeoplewereshockedbythediscovery.

Thematically,thisshortstoryisnotassimpleasitseems.Theconflictsinthestorycanbeinterpretedondifferentlevels.Onthesuperficiallevel,itwasamurderstorywithgothiccharacteristics.Itdescribedaneccentricwomanwholivedinherolddecayingmysterioushousethatotherpeoplehadnotvisitedfordecades,and,ofcourse,adeadbodyinthehousefinallywasdiscoveredaftersomanyyears.Onanotherlevel,thestorycanbereadasaconflictbetweentheSouthandtheNorthwithEmilyrepresentingthedecliningSouthandHomerBarronrepresentingtheNorth.Onadeeperlevel,thestoryexplorestheinnerworldofahumanbeing,ortheinnerstruggleinthehumanheart.

3.IntroductionoftheGothicCharacteristicsinLiterature

Theword“Goth”camefromthenameofaGermanictribe.Thegothicpeoplewerefamousfortheirbrutalanduncivilizedfeatures.TheyeverlivedinnorthEurope,theninvadedinRomeEmpirefromthethirdADcenturytothefifthADcentury,andsetmanykingdomsinItaly,Spain,southpartofFranceandNorthAfrica.Athousandyearslater,aftertheRomeEmpirediedout,ItalianVasari（1511--1574）usedthe"Goth"forthefirsttimetorefertoanarchitecturalstyleinmiddleage,whichwas"tallsharppointed,vaultedroofortower,narrowwindows,colorfulglass,darknesshouses,gloomyladders."（XiaoMinghan,CriticismofForeignLiterature,9）ThegothicarchitecturewasoriginatedinFrancein11thcentury,anditwaspopularinEuropefrom13thcenturyto15thcentury.Thiskindofarchitecturestylemostlyisseeninthechurch,andalsoincommonarchitecture.Thegothicarchitecturehasahighstatusinthehistoryofarchitecturebecauseofitsexcellentskillanditsachievementinthefieldofart.Thegothiccharacteristicsnotonlyappearinarchitecture,butalsoappearinmanyfieldssuchasliterature,movie,musicandclothing.

Theso-called“GothicRevival"appearedinaspectsofarchitectureandliteratureduringeighteenthcenturytonineteenthcentury,whichwasthegloomyanddepressedtoneinmiddleage.Meanwhile,someliteraryworksenjoyedthesametonewith"Gothicfiction"inthetime.TakeHoraceWalpoleforexample,his"TheCastleofOtranto"setanexampleforearlyclassicgothicfiction.Thebirthof"Gothicfiction”wasnotonlyrelatedwiththe"Gothicfeeling"ofthecemeterypoetryofEngland,butrelatedwiththe"Gothiccharacteristics"，theaestheticstandardofEdmundBurke