高考英语语法重点汇总.docx
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高考英语语法重点汇总.docx
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高考英语语法重点汇总
2015高考语法重点
动词
动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点,这类题绝大多数情况下所给的四个选项的含义各不相同,没有关联性,此时考查的是对题干和语境的理解。
偶尔也考查近义词的辨析。
近三年考查到的还有:
①sacrifice(牺牲);substitute(代替);simplify(简化);survive
②conclude;lead;avoid(避免);hold
③persuade(说服);promise;invite;support
④open;narrow;widen;leave
⑤make;turn;take;have
⑥differ;shrink(收缩);fail;decline(下降)
⑦sponsor(赞助);launch(发射);organize;plan
⑧tell;remind(提醒);warn;advise
动词短语的辨析是动词考查的重中之重,甚至有些形式上单个动词的辨析也是考查所构成短语的辨析。
总的来说,动词短语的辨析可分为三种:
一是以动词为主体词的辨析;二是以副词或介词为主体词的辨析;三是无关联的动词短语的辨析。
下面就常见的动词短语做如下总结:
一、以动词为主体词的短语
1.break
breakawayfrom脱离breakdown坏掉;分解;垮下来breakout爆发breakin打断;闯入breakinto闯入breakthrough突破breakup打碎;分解;分手
2.bring
bringabout引起,导致bringdown使降低,使下降bringin引进;赚进
bringup抚养;养育;呕吐bringout取出;出版;生产;阐明
3.come
comealong跟随comeout出现;出版;结果是comeabout发生comeacross偶遇
cometo共计comeup出现;被提出comeupwith提出
4.cut
cutin插嘴cutoff切断cutup切碎cutdown砍倒,削减
5.get
getaway外出度假getin收割getinto进入;养成getthrough完成;通过;解决;接通电话getover克服getacross被理解;使通过getoff下车/船/马/飞机等getdownto着手做
getup起床;起身
6.go
goagainst违背goover预习;复习goout外出;熄灭gowithout没有……也行;没有……也可以勉强对付
7.look
lookthrough浏览;透过……看lookinto调查lookup向上看;查找lookupto尊敬;敬仰
lookround/around环顾
8.make
makeout辨认出makeup组成;编造makeupwith弥补makethebestof充分利用
9.put
putin放进,写进putaway收起,储存putout扑灭;出版;生产putdown写下,镇压
putoff推迟puton穿上;上演putup张贴;举起;建造putforward提出
10.set
setaside拨出;置于一旁setup建立;竖立setout着手(做……);出发
setabout着手(做……)setoff出发,引爆
11.take
takeup开始从事;占据;拿起takeapart拆卸takein欺骗,吸收
takeoff起飞;腾飞;脱掉takeon呈现;雇用takeover接管
12.turn
turnout结果证明turnto求助于;转向turnin上交turndown拒绝,把音量开小
turnon打开turnoff关掉turnup出现;把音量开高turnover翻开
二、以副词或介词为主体词的短语
13.out
wearout穿烂;用坏workout解出;进展顺利letout放出;发出;泄露leaveout遗漏
figureout弄清burstout爆发ruleout排除pointout指出carryout贯彻
14.up
buildup增强keepup保持;鼓起speedup加速pickup拾起;收听/看;用车接送/装运;无意学会sendup发射useup用完hangup挂断endup结束splitup分裂;分手
stayup熬夜
15.off
payoff还清;回报showoff炫耀giveoff放出
三、无关联的动词短语
seeto处理;解决fightfor为……而战agreewith同意;适合dowithout没有……也勉强对付fitin适合liveupto达到;不辜负runawayfrom逃走;避开
[押题题组]
1.Yesterday,Icameacrossmyformerclassmate,buthisname________me,whichmademeembarrassed.
A.forgotB.missedC.escapedD.reminded
2.WikiLeaksfounderJulianAssangewasincourttoday,andwhenaskedforhisaddresshesaidhedidn'twantto________thatinformation.
A.giveoutB.keepoutC.holdoutD.bringout
3.Thefamousactorkeepsfitby________foranhoureverymorning.
A.stickingoutB.standingoutC.makingoutD.workingout
4.Manypeoplearebeginningtoreflectonwhywepaysomuchtostudyabroadandwhatkindofconsequencesitwill________.
A.bringoutB.bringdownC.bringaboutD.bringup
5.Witheconomydevelopingatgreatspeed,ourcityhas________quiteafewchangesinrecentyears.
A.witnessedB.accumulatedC.arisenD.introduced
6.—Whydidn'tMr.Smitharriveontimeforthemeeting?
—Hemusthavebeen________onhiswayhereinthetrafficjam.
A.heldupB.putupC.takenupD.givenup
7.Drinkingwater,havingahealthydietandtakingexerciseareallpositivewaysto________youwhenyouareworkingonatightschedule.
A.relieveB.refreshC.liberateD.comfort
8.Mostofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingthinkpoorlyoftheproposal,whichtheythinkwill________theworseningoftheenvironment.
A.adapttoB.refertoC.subscribetoD.contributeto
9.Johnsaidhewasn'tdisappointedattheresultofthebasketballgame,butthelookonhisface________him________.
A.turned;downB.took;inC.made;outD.gave;away
10.Newcomputersaresoonoutofdatesincenewermodelsare________constantly.
A.turnedupB.turnedoutC.turneddownD.turnedover
11.Hewillhavetofindsomeotherwork,forhecan't________thisloudnoiseanymore.
A.comeupwithB.putupwithC.makeupwithD.keepupwith
12.Agoodspeakerissupposedtomanageto________thelistenerswhathemeans.
A.makesensetoB.appealtoC.attachtoD.getacrossto
13.Thetwocountriesagreedto________theirdifferencesandworktogetherforpeace,whichhasapositiveeffectontheinternationalsituation.
A.setdownB.setoutC.setasideD.setabout
14.—Whatattractedyoutoouruniversity?
—YouhaveagreatbasketballteamandIcan________forit.
A.workoutB.lookoutC.tryoutD.carryout
15.Gettingyourstudents________inclassroomactivitiesisvitallyimportant.
A.trappedB.devotedC.stuckD.involved
动词和动词短语
1.Whileintelligentpeoplecanoften________thecomplex,afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.
A.sacrificeB.substituteC.simplifyD.survive
2.Oldfashionedphonesmatterwhenwirelessnetworks________indisasters.
A.turndownB.turnoutC.breakdownD.breakout
3.Accordingtothelaw,allforeignershaveto________withthelocalpolicewithintwoweeksofarrival.
A.associateB.disputeC.negotiateD.register
4.—Thetownissobeautiful!
Ijustloveit.
—Metoo.Thecharacterofthetowniswell________.
A.qualifiedB.preservedC.decoratedD.simplified
5.Teamleadersmustensurethatallmembers________theirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.
A.getoverB.lookoverC.takeoverD.comeover
6.Myunclehasn'tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehas________.
A.cutoutB.cutdownC.cutupD.cutoff
7.Ifyouareintrouble,Mikeisalwayswillingto________ahand.
A.lendB.shakeC.waveD.want
8.Trynottocoughmorethanyoucan________sinceitmaycauseproblemstoyourlungs.
A.checkB.allowC.stopD.help
9.Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesureto________itwithimportantpoints.
A.concludeB.leadC.avoidD.hold
10.Agoodlistenertakespartintheconversation,________ideasandraisingquestionstokeepthetalkflowing.
A.realizingB.copyingC.offeringD.misunderstanding
非谓语动词
[押题题组]
1.________enoughmoney,LiHuawasunabletobuythenewhouse.
A.NotsavedB.NothavingsavedC.NottosaveD.Notsaving
2.Misunderstandings________fromlackofsocialcommunication,unless________properly,mayleadtoseriousproblems.
A.arisen;handlingB.arising;handledC.rising;handledD.risen;handling
3.Ifwaterbecomesincreasinglyscarceindecades________,watershortagewillbecomeahotissueallovertheworld.
A.comingB.havingcomeC.tocomeD.tobecoming
4.________theEnglishspeechcompetitionwillbealotofwork,soIneedsomevolunteerstohelpout.
A.OrganizeB.OrganizedC.OrganizingD.Beingorganized
5.Thenewbooks________inthefactorythesedaysaremainlyintendedforchildren.
A.printingB.toprintC.beingprintedD.tobeprinted
6.—Doyouthinkyoucouldgetthispackage________forme,please?
—Noproblem!
A.tomailB.mailedC.mailingD.mail
7.________severalimportantdecisionsbasedonemotioninsteadofreason,hefeltbitterlyregretted.
A.MakingB.HavingmadeC.MadeD.Tomake
8.—Amy,pleasetellthepeopleseatedand________fortheirturnstocometomyofficefiveminuteslater.
—Yes,sir.
A.waitB.waitingC.waitedD.towait
9.________toatophighschool,asmanyparentsbelieve,willguaranteetheirchildrenagooduniversity.
A.AdmittedB.AdmittingC.BeingadmittedD.Havingbeenadmitted
10.Wehadnoone________us,forwecoulddealwiththecaseallbyourselves.
A.helpB.tohelpC.helpedD.helps
11.TheweatherinQuzhouisrathercoldinwinter,especially________thatinmyhometown.
A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto
12.________clearly________nothingtodo,thesoldiersleftthevillagethenextday.
A.It;wasB.It;beingC.There;wasD.There;being
13.Withagreatweight________offhermind,shepassedallthetestssuccessfully.
A.takingB.totakeC.takenD.beingtaken
14.Bytheageoftwo,Heidicouldcountto40,drawpicturesofpeople,andreadbooks________forsevenyearolds.
A.meaningB.meantC.beingmeantD.tomean
15.Sittingatthecornerofthemeetingroom,helookedsadbecausethereweresomanyproblems________.
A.remainingtosettleB.remainedsettling
C.remainingtobesettledD.remainedtobesettled
介词
近几年常考的介词中,一词多义或较难的有:
1.Against(表示方位)倚靠着……;(表示态度)反对;(表示对比)以……为背景
2.off
(表示位置)在……的外面,在……的沿海;(表示方向)偏离;从……离开
3.over
(表示位置)在……的正上方,在……的上面;(表示方向)越过;(表示等级或数目)高于,在……之上,超过;(表示时间或过程)在……期间
4.beyond
(表示位置)在……另一边,在……更远处;(表示程度)超出,非……所能及
5.with
(表示关系)和……在一起;(表示状态)具有,带有;(表示方式)用……,凭借……;(表示对象)关于……;(表示伴随)随着;(表示原因)由于,因为
6.Through(表示位置)穿过;(表示时间)整个……;(表示手段、媒介)依据,经由
固定搭配法
固定搭配中介词(短语)的考查是重点,主要包括与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
因此多留意一些短语中介词的使用非常重要。
介词的固定搭配考查有两种:
一是考查固定搭配中的介词;二是考查介词短语。
近五年考查到的介词(短语)的固定搭配有:
1.in
inthemeanwhile同时intheway阻挡intime及时;最终indetail详细地
infavourof同意incase以免;万一inreturn作为回报inexchangefor用以交换……
2.for
bepraisedfor因为……受到表扬forlife终生forthebenefitof为了……的利益
asfor就……而论;关于betrainedfor被训练为……forlackof由于缺乏……
3.on
onbehalfof代表onthecontrary相反onconditionthat...以……作为条件
4.with
haveanappointmentwith与……有约会withregardto关于
5.above
aboveaverage在平均数以上aboveall首先;最重要的是
6.by
bychance偶然;碰巧byname用名字
7.from
apartfrom除……之外farfrom远非
8.against
warnsb.against(doing)sth. 警告某人不要做某事
9.outof
outofcontrol失去控制outofplace不在合适的位置;不适当的outofone'sreach某人够不着的地方outofthequestion不可能outofquestion毫无疑问
名词,冠词,代词
[押题题组]
1.Thebossshowedhis________ofTom'shardworkinthecompanybyraisinghispayto$5,000amonth.
A.distinctionB.promotionC.appreciationD.reservation
2.Muchtooursurprise,thewitness's________ofthetrafficaccidentdifferedfromtheofficialversioninseveralaspects.
A.accountB.opinionC.instructionD.explanation
3.Weallsighedwith________reliefwhen________planefinallylandedsafely.
A.a;/B./;theC.a;aD.a;the
4.—Howdoyoufindtheguywhotook________officelastweek?
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