Unit1.docx
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Unit1.docx
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Unit1
Unit1:
ABrushwiththeLaw
Step
:
Leadingin(5min)
Allowstudentstoexaminethetexttitle,andthensayafewwordsasanintroductiontothetext--thepurposeoflaw.
.Examinethetexttitle:
Toexplainthemeaningof‘brush’:
n.brieffightorencounter(小冲突)
Chinesetranslationofthetitle:
‘与警察的一场小冲突’.
Thelaw:
警察;警官;看守;执法人员
.IntroductoryRemarks:
Tothinkaboutthissentence,writtenbyOliverWendellHolmes,Jr(霍姆斯,美国法律界的泰斗。
在最高法院做到90岁。
他被公认为是美国最高法院最伟大的大法官之一。
).
“Thisisacourtoflaw,youngman,notacourtofjustice.”
这是法律的法庭,年轻人,不是正义的法庭。
Weallknowthatthechiefpurposesoflawaretomaintainpeaceandorder,toprotecttherightsofcitizens,tosecurejusticeandtopunishwrong-doers(做坏事的人,违法犯罪者),Goodlawsarethosethatareconsideredtoservethecause(原则,目标)ofjusticeforthesocietytowhichtheyapply.Butevengoodlawsmaybeunjustlyappliedormaybeunjust(不公平的)incertainsituations.
Inthestorywe’regoingtostudytoday,theauthortellsusaboutwhathappenedtohimmorethanadecadeago.Itwasreallyaveryunpleasantexperiece,yetitproviesuswithmuchfoodforthought(引人深思的事).
Step
:
Vocabulary:
(10min)
Readtwiceforeachword.ThenaskSstoread.
:
AllowStudents10minutestogooverthetext,andthenaskthemtodotheTrue/Falseexercise.Getstudentsactivelyinvolvedinanalyzingandexplainingthetext.(IntroductoryQuestions,fromteacher’sbook,P.2)(35min)
1)ThestorytookplaceoneFebruaryinthe1960’sinBritain.(T)
2)Thenarratorwasa19-year-oldcollegestudentatthetime.(F)
(HewasnotgoingtouniversityuntilthefollowingOctober.p.5)
BackgroundInformation:
InBritaintheuniversitytermsare:
October-December;January-March;April-June.
一些大学的春、秋、夏三个学期各有不同的称呼,有些大学的三个学期长短不同,以秋季学期为时最长。
即使在同一所大学里,不同学院也有不同的制度,而且因为每年复活节(见以下附注)日子不固定的关系,每年的开学日和放假日也不尽相同。
“各自为政”
牛津大学三个学期,分别叫做“Michaelmas(米伽勒节)”、“Hilary”、“Trinity(复活主日)”,每个学期为时八周。
2011至2012学年度,牛津的三个学期的日期依序是:
10月9日至12月3日,1月15日至3月10日,4月22日至6月16日。
剑桥大学的三个学期被称为“Michaelmas”、“Lent”、“Easter(复活节)”,每学期也是八周时间。
2011至2012学年度,剑桥的三个学期的日期分别是:
10月4日至12月2日,1月17日至3月16日,4月24日至6月15日。
伦敦大学学院(UCL)直接将三个学期称为第一、第二和第三,2011至2012学年度三个学期分别是9月26日至12月16日,1月9日至3月23日,4月23日至6月8日。
英国大学的开学日和放假日都不一样,大致上在每年的九月底或十月初开学,以圣诞节和复活节划分为三个学期,到六月中开始放暑假.每个学期大约八周时间。
复活节(Easterday,Easter)是西方传统的节日,是信奉基督教的宗教纪念日,目的是为了纪念耶稣基督于公元30到33年之间被钉死在十字架之后第三天复活的日子,具有重生与希望的象征意义。
其日期是不固定的,通常是要查看日历才能知道。
复活节的时间
公元325年尼西亚宗教会议规定,每年过春分月圆后的第一个星期天为复活节。
复活节一般是在旧历的3月22日至4月23日之间,确切日子要根据春分或其后出现的满月决定。
复活节是西方国家隆重而又盛大的宗教节日。
复活节的清晨,当天边刚抹上一缕晨略,婉转而深沉的乐曲开始响彻晨空。
在乐曲的感召下,基督教徒从四面八方涌向教堂、公园或公共广场去迎接复活节的黎明,纪念基督耶稣的复活。
复活节就是为纪念耶稣复活而定的。
虽然复活节是纪念耶稣的复活,但是复活节这个名字却取自古代的春阳节(NorseFesdvalofSnrinsSun),春阳节是古代纳维亚人的节日,它欢庆冬天的过去,春天的到来。
复活节是在庄严、隆重的气氛中开始的。
教徒们在音乐的伴奏下唱着圣歌(hymn)、颂歌(carol)、念着赞美诗,表达他们对耶稣复活的欢乐和喜悦心情。
复活节的教堂烛光通明。
据说,烛身象征着耶稣的圣体,烛芯是耶稣的灵魂,烛光表示耶稣神性和人性的统一。
在复活节里,人们穿着节日盛装。
教堂仪式结束后,人们习惯于沐浴在春天和煦的阳光下,漫步于青枝绿叶之间,呼吸着春天的气息。
3)Hewaslookingforajobsothathecouldmakesomemoneytopayforhistuition.(F)
(Hewantedtosaveupsomemoneytogotravelling.)
4)Hewasarrestedbythepolicemenwhilestealingmilkbottlesfromdoorsteps.(F)
(Hedidn’tstealanymilkbottles.Hewasarrestedbecausethepolicementhoughthehadtheintentionofstealingmilkbottles.)
5)Thepolicemenlethimgoafterhegaveaclearexplanation.(F)
(Thepolicementookhimtothepolicestationandquestionedhimforseveralhours.HewasnotallowedtoleavethestationuntilhewasofficiallychargedandtoldtoreporttoRichmondMagistrates’CourtthefollowingMonday.)
Backgroundinformation:
Magistrates地方法官&themagistrates’court地方法庭
InEngland,amagistrateisapersonappointedtotryminoroffences未成年罪犯.Heiseitheranunpaidlaymanor,inLondonandsomeothercities,apaidjudicial司法的officer.
InEngland,everydistricthasamagistrate’court.Itisthelowestcourtoflaw.Themagistrates’courtcanonlytry审讯peopleforminor,i.e.notveryserious,offences罪行.Itcannotgiveprisonsentencestotalingmorethan12months,norcanitorderfinesofmorethan£400foroneoffence.
6)Thenarratordefendedhimselfsosuccessfullyincourtthatthemagistratesfoundhim“notguilty”immediatelyafterhearinghisdefence.(F)
(Thenarratorwantedtodefendhimselfincourt,buthisfatherwouldn’tallowhimtodoso.Instead,hehiredaverygoodsolicitor,whoconductedthedefenceincourt.)
WORDDISTINCTION:
lawyer,solicitor,barrister
Lawyeristhegeneraltermforanyonewhoseworkitistoadvisehisclientsaboutthelawandrepresentthemincourt.
Asolicitor(初级律师)isalawyerwhogivesadvice,appearsinlowercourts,andpreparescasesforabarrister可在高等法院出庭的大律师;专门律师toargueinahighercourt.
Abarrister(出庭律师)isalawyerwhohastherightofspeakingandarguinginthehighercourtsoflaw.
Ifapersongetsintotroublewiththepolice,hewillprobablyaskasolicitortohelppreparehisdefenceand,iftheoffenceistobeheardinaMagistrates’Court,hecanaskasolicitortoappearforhimandarguehiscase.Ifthecasegoestoahighercourt,thesolicitorstilladviseshim,buthemustgetabarristertoappearforhim.
7)Thenarratorwasshockedtofindthathisreleasefromthechargewaschieflyduetohis“right”accentandhismiddle-classfamilybackground.(T)
8)Thenarratorfeelssurethatifhehadcomefromalower-classfamily,hewouldmostprobablyhavebeenfoundguilty.(T)
MiddleClass:
InBritain,themiddleclassreferstotheclassofpeoplebetweenthenobility贵族阶层andtheworkingclass.Itincludesprofessionalmen(suchasdoctors,lawyersandarchitects),bankers,ownersofbusinessandsmallgentry绅士.IntheUnitedStates,however,themiddleclassreferstotheclassofpeoplebetweentheverywealthyclassandtheclassofunskilledlabourersandunemployedpeople.Itincludesbusinessmen,professionalpeople专业人士,officeworkers上班族,andmanyskilledworkers技术工人.
Apartfromoccupationsandeconomicstatus,theterm“middleclass”canalsobeusedtodescribevaluesandattitudes.
9)Thepolicemanwhohasarrestedthenarratorwasangrywiththecourt’sdecision.(F)
(Hewasnothappythatanotheryoungsterhadbeenturnedagainstthepoliceandwishedthatthenarratorcouldhavebeenabitmorehelpfulintheincident.)
Step
:
Additionalinformationrelatedtothetext:
TheSixties’‘youthcounterculture’:
Theword‘counterculture’wascoinedinthe1960’sfortheattitudeandlifestyleofmanyyoungpeoplewhorejectedconventionalsocialvalues(传统社会价值)anddemandedmorepersonalfreedom.ThecounterculturefirstaroseintheU.S.duringthe1960’sandsoonspreadtoBritain,Franceandotherwesterncountries.TheseyoungpeoplewereopposedtotheVietnamWaranddissatisfiedwiththeexistingstateofaffairsintheirsociety.Yet,unabletofindamoreconstructivewayofstrugglingagainstthese,theyindulgedthemselvesinsex,drugs,alcoholandrockmusicandtookgreatprideinwearinglonghairandunusualclothesandintakingupanythingthatwasunconventional.Thecounterculturedeclinedinthelate1970’s.
Step
:
Listentothetext.(5min)
Step
:
Helpstudentslearnincontextthemorefrequentlyusedwordsandphrasesthroughavarietyofdrillingpracticeandbydoingtherelatedexercisesinthestudent’sbook.
1.brush:
n.abrieffightorencounter
ThesefreshmenoncehadabrushwiththeCustomsman.
在上场比赛中我们的足球队员与裁判发生了一场冲突.
Ourfootballplayershadabrushwiththereferee裁判inthelastgame.
2.takesb.tocourt:
takelegalagainstsb.
ItoldhimthatIwouldtakehimtocourtifhedidnotrepaythemoneyinaweek.
Ifyougoonill-treatingyourwifelikethis,youwillbetakentocourt.
3.…itmakesagoodstorynow.:
…itprovidesmaterialforagoodstorynow.
Heretheverb“tomake”means“tohavethequalitiesneededfor(sth.good)”.
Icedteamakesanexcellentdrinkinsummer.
Thewallcalendarmakesanicenewyeargift.
4.Whatmakesitratherdisturbingwasthearbitrarycircumstancesbothofmyarrestandmysubsequentfateincourt.
Theauthorwasarrestedsimplybecausethepolicementhoughtheintendedtostealmilkbottlesandlaterincourthewasreleasedfromthechargejustbecausehehadthe“right”accent,respectablemiddle-class
parents,reliablewitnessesandsoon.Thatistosay,hewasarrestedarbitrarilyandreleasedarbitrarily.Anditisthisarbitrarinessofbothhisarrestandhisreleasethattheauthorthinksratherdisturbing.
arbitrary:
adj.decidedbyorbasedonpersonalopiniononlyratherthanonreason
Ifaleadermakesdecisionswithoutconductinginvestigations,heisbeingarbitrary.
Thearbitrarydecisionsofthefactoryownerscauseddissatisfactionamongtheworkers.
他草率的决定导致了项目的失败。
Hisarbitrarydecisionresultedinthefailureoftheproject.
Iknewlittleaboutmedicalbookssomychoicewasquitearbitrary.
Collocations:
arbitraryboss独断专行的老板
arbitrarydecision武断的决定
arbitrarypunishment肆意的惩罚
circumstances:
n.facts;conditionsconnectedwithaneventoraperson
Wecannotexpecthimtocontinuetheseactivitiesundersuchunfavorablecircumstances.
Becauseofcircumstancesbeyondourcontrolthemeetingwascancelled.
Goodweatherandotherfavorablecircumstancesmadeourpicnicasuccess.
UnderthesecircumstancesIhavetodoit.
在任何情况下,战士都不能离开自己的岗位。
Innocircumstancescanasoldierleavehispost.
Collocations:
exceptional/specialcircumstances特殊情况
favorablecircumstances有利条件
tragiccircumstances悲惨境况
under/inthecircumstances在这种情况下,既然如此
under/innocircumstances在任何情况下都不
subsequent:
adj.later;comingafter,following
Subsequenteventsprovedthatmyjudgmentofthesituationwasright.
Thestorywillbecontinuedinsubsequentissuesofthemagazine.
Subsequentresearchhasproducedevenbetterresults
后来发生的事证明我错了。
Subsequenteventspr
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