高中英语状语从句最全解析.docx
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高中英语状语从句最全解析.docx
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高中英语状语从句最全解析
状语从句
一、定义:
在句中作状语的从句是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。
状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,状语从句放在句首时,要用逗号,放在句尾时不用。
二、 分类
根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为:
①时间状语从句 ②地点状语从句 ③原因状语从句 ④目的状语从句 ⑤条件状语从句 ⑥结果状语从句 ⑦让步状语从句 ⑧方式状语从句 ⑨比较状语从句
三、 时间状语从句
主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句____________表将来:
“主将从现”;主句是一般过去时,从句用____________。
(一)引导时间状语从句的连词有:
As, when (whenever), before, after, as soon as, until (till), since, every time, once.
(二)、 具体应用
1)“while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生。
用while引导的从句用__________动词,记忆:
While 后用进行时。
(当我们正在吃晚饭) , all the lights went out.
Please keep quiet, (当别人学习的时候)。
While (昨天晚上我正在写信的时候),he was watching TV.
2)When引导的时间状语从句
a.when意为“当时………时”,强调“特定时间”。
Whenhecomes,Iwillshowhimmyphoto.他来了我会把相片给他看。
b.表示突然发生的事,含义为“正在……..时,忽然”。
IwasjustcomingalongtoseeyouwhenIranintoJack.我正要来见你时突然撞见杰克。
C.表示条件,含义为“在….的情况下”,表原因或让步,常可译为“既然、虽然、如果”。
Whydoyouwalkwhen(since)youhaveacar.
既然你有车,为何还要步行呢?
d.表示过早发生某事,意为“还没……就”。
主句常为否定含义,When有时可用before代替。
Ihadn’tbeenreadingforhalfanhourwhenIheardstepsoutside.
我刚读了不到半个小时就听到外面有脚步声。
e.后接虚拟结构,含义为“本该(可以,应该)…..却”。
Hestoppedtryingwhenhemighthavesucceeded.他本可以成功了,但却停止了尝试。
When和while的区别:
While意为虽然,然而,表示转折。
___虽然他喜欢他的学生,但是他对他们很严格
While 翻译成“趁着 ” Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
__________________________趁年轻好好学习。
3) Whenever 无论什么时候,随时
1. Whenever someone throws in some rubbish, the truck produces a piece of music. 每当有人扔进一些垃圾时,它(汽车)就放一段音乐。
2. 每当我们遇到麻烦的时候,他都会帮我们___________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________每当我有时间,我就去看电影。
4) till和until(表示“直到„„”)句首多用until
1、在肯定句中表示“直到„„为止”,主句谓语动词要用延续性动词。
I was waiting until/till he arrived.
2、在否定句中表示“直到„„才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词,这时until和till常被before替换。
I didn' t leave till/until she came back.
5) since:
主句用________,从句用________________________,since引导的从句间或可用现在完成时。
1. We have been friends (ever since) since we met at school.
2.I have been at home since three o' clock this afternoon.
3. Maria has been in China since two years ago.
4.我们已经认识彼此了自从我们五岁。
3. It is „„ (一段时间)+since+一般过去时态句子。
自从我姐姐结婚已经两年了。
Since+时间点
6)Every time, each time, next timevery time
you get back at night,you drop your boots on the floor.
Every time _______________我感冒, I have pain in my back.
下次我去那______________________, I will visit them.
7)特殊引导词:
the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly ……when, scarcely … when
The children ran away from the orchard(果园)the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
8)once 一旦„就
Once you begin, you must go on.
你一开了头,就应该继续下去。
四、 地点状语从句
地点状语从句用where, wherever引导
We should go where the people need us.我们应该去人民需要我们的地方。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
Wherever they went, they received a worm welcome. 无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎。
She follow him _______________ 他无论到哪里她总跟着。
五、 原因状语从句
原因状语从句用because(因为),since(既然), as(由于)引导
1.字母由多到少,语气由强到弱。
2、 由why提问必须用because回答。
Why didn' t he come to school?
Because he was ill.
Since, as不回答why的提问,而且从句一般放在句首,because一般放在主句之后。
3、 before of +名词
_____________________由于下雨, we didn' t go to the park.
4、 because 和so不可连用,只能选其一。
(另有although, but
5、 for并列连词,不能放在句首,主要放在两个并列句之间。
For所提供的理由为一个补充说明,而且前面常有逗号隔开。
The days are short, for it is December now.
特殊引导词:
seeing that, now that, in that, given that, considering that,
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
六、 目的状语从句
目的状语从句用so(常用于口语), that, so that, in order that引导
目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。
1. We'll sit never to the front so we can hear well.
2. He studied hard so that he might succeed.
3. I'll speak slowly so that you can take notes.
4. They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.
5. I took a taxi so that I could get there earlier.
6. I’m going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat.
七、 条件状语从句 (用书上的)
条件状语从句由if, unless, (so) as long as(只需)引导 在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时(与时间状语从句相同)
We will miss the train if you don' t hurry. You will fail the exam unless you study hard.
= (if you don’t study hard)
He won’t come unless he is invited. = (if he isn't invited)
Eat less food unless you want to become fatter.
= (if you don’t want to become better)
As long as you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed.
As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.
特殊引导词:
as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
八、 结果状语从句
结果状语从句由such„that, so„.that, so that, that 引导
1.Such„ that 的常用句型such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+that such +形容词+可数名词单数+that Such+形容词+可数名词复数(不可数名词)+that
注意so many (much, few, little) +名词,such a lot of (或lots of)+名词是惯用法,不可乱用。
She is ____________________那么漂亮的女孩that we all like her. It was ______________________那么美味好吃的食物 that they ate it up.
2.so+形容词或副词+that so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that
He is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.
倒装____________________________________
He works so hard that he did everything well.
倒装_________________________
天气是如此地热,以至于我们都去游泳了———————————— It was such a good day that we all went swimming.
3.so that, that都可以引导结果状语从句
He didn't study hard, (so) that he failed the exam. 4. Too„to, enough„to 可以引导结果状语从句
She is young that she can’t go to school. She is too young to go to school.
She isn't old enough to go to school.例句 他不够高去打篮球
九、 让步状语从句
常用引导词:
though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词:
as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
however = no matter
how whatever = no matter
what whoever = no matter
who whenever = no matter
when wherever = no matter
where *although和though都表示“虽然”只是although 更正式,多用于____________,而though用于句中,二者都可与yet, still连用,但不与but连用
Although/Though they are poor, they often help others. They are poor, but they often help others
Although he has failed many times, he doesn' t give up trying.
Whatever/No matter what you say, I won' t believe you.
No matter what you say, I don' t care.
No matter who you are, you must obey the rules of our school.
However hard he tried, he failed again.
No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out riding the waves.
十、 方式状语从句
方式状语从句由as(如同,按照),as if (though)引导 *as和like都有“像”的意思,as是连词,后面连接句子,like是介词后面可加名词、代词或名词性短语。
特殊引导词:
the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
I did the work as others did.
You must do as I do.
as if(though)两者意义相同,从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气,但实现可能性较大,则用连接词。
It seems as if/though it’s going to rain.
They are talking as if/though they were old friends. She treats me as if I were her brother.
When you are in home,do as the Romans do.
例 You must do ______ I told you.
A.after B. before C. where D. as (D)
The students must do ______ the teacher told them. A. as B. before C. after D. if
He doesn' t swim as well as you (do).
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
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