英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保精编习题及解析.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保精编习题及解析.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保精编习题及解析
【英语】高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)精编习题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.
Theartificialintelligence(AI)system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"atrisk"patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:
"Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."
ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.
Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."ProfYoungsaid,"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"screen"inParagraph2mean?
A. comfort
B. treat
C. spot
D. nurse
(2)Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?
A. Bystoringbloodsamples.
B. Byanalyzingpatients'cases.
C. Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.
D. Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.
(3)WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?
A. ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.
B. Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.
C. Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.
D. Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.
(4)Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?
A. Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.
B. Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.
C. Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.
D. Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病,每年可以挽救数万人的生命。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便医生能够及早采取行动,预防死亡或严重疾病,可以猜测出,人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。
此处screen意为“筛查”。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知,计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的"IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."杨教授认为,人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大,以此类比,说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."可知,这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者,而不是坐等病情恶化,从而推断,人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判,早介入,从而帮助挽救大量生命,将大大促进卫生服务。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Astudyfoundwirelesssignalsareabletopassthroughbagsandsuitcasestojudgethesizesofdangerousmetalobjectsandidentifythem."Theseitemscouldincludeweapons,chemicals,laptopsandbatteriesforbombs,"theresearchteamsaidonTuesday.
ResearchsuggestedthatWi-Ficannowbeusedtoestimatethevolumeofliquidssuchaswater,acid,alcoholandotherchemicalsforexplosivematerial.ThestudyledbyresearchersattheWirelessInformationNetworkLaboratory(WINLAB)intheSchool.ofEngineeringshowedawirelessdevicewithtwotothreeantennas(天线)thatcouldbefittedinexistingWi-Finetworks.
Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.Theapproach,whichthepaperstates,worksbyseparatingthewirelessinterference(干扰)causedbytwofactorsofobjects-thematerialandshape."Mostdangerousobjectssuchasweaponsareusuallymetalorliquid,whichhavesignificantinterference,"researcherssaid.
Whenitwastestedonabackpack,theaccuracyratetopped95percent."Buttheaccuracydroppedtoabout90percentwhenobjectsinsidebagsarewrapped.Andthetechcouldsavelivesifusedinmuseums,stadiums,themeparksorschools,"theteamsaid,notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.
Ituseschannelstateinformation(CSI)thatisreadilyavailableinlow-costWi-Fidevices."Thiscouldhaveagreatimpactonprotectingthepublicfromdangerousobjects,"saidYingyingChen,aco-authorofthestudy,"There'sagrowingneedforthatnow.Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”
Thepeer-reviewedstudy,whichrecentlywonabestpaperawardatthe2018IEEEConferenceonCommunicationsandNetworkSecurity,isnowpublishedonline."Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes,"researcherssaid.
(1)Whatdoesparagraph3talkabout?
A. Thefunctionofthetechnique.
B. Thewaythedeviceworks.
C. Theprinciplethestudyisbasedon.
D. Thebenefitofthestudyfindings.
(2)What'stheadvantageofthedevice?
A. Itsavespeopleindangerofnaturaldisasters.
B. Itpassesthroughbagswithoutdamagingthem.
C. Itusesantennastopickupnetworks'signals.
D. Itprotectspersonalinformationfrombeingdisturbed.
(3)WhydidtheresearchersstudythedeviceaccordingtoYingyingChen?
A. Tosavemoneyandlabour.
B. TomakefulluseofWi-Fi.
C. Toprotectpassengers'privacy.
D. Toresearchdangerousobjects.
(4)Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“ameliorating"inthelastparagraph?
A. Confirming.
B. Improving.
C. Discovering.
D. Examining.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本是一篇说明文,介绍了研究人员发现,WiFi可用于可用于安检。
(1)考查段落大意。
根据第三段中的“Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.”这个检测系统分析信号在物体和材料上穿透和反射时会发生什么。
可知选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.”可知,不用打开和检查人们的个人物品,避免了侵犯隐私,可知选D。
(3)考查推理判断,根据第五段中的“Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.” 在大型公共场所,很难像机场那样设置昂贵的安检设施。
检查行李总是需要人力,我们希望开发一种互补的方法来减少人力,可推知选A。
(4)考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的“Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes”今后的工作将继续侧重于提高识别物体和成像形状及体积的准确性,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Agooddisguisekeepsyouhidden,right?
Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金属彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.ThosesurprisingresultsappearinthejournalScientificReports.
Shiningiridescentcolor,whichchangesdependingontheanglefromwhichit'sviewed,isfavoredbyeverythingfrombirdstobeetlesandblossomstobutterflies.
"Andinourresearchgroupweareofcourseinterestedinwhythisvividmetalliccolorissowidespreadinnature."KarinKjernsmooftheUniversityofBristoladdsthatinsomecasestheshowysplashesoflightareasexualstrategy."HereIwouldliketopointoutthatinsomespecies,particularlythosethatdisplaystrongsexualdimorphism(雌雄两性),suchasbirdsofparadiseorsomebutterfliesorfishes,theoccurrenceofiridescenceismostlikelydrivenbysexualselection.Forexample,inmanyofthesecasesitisthemalesthathavethesevividiridescentcolorsandtheyusetheminmatechoiceortheyusethemasasignaltoattractmates." Butiridescencealsoshowsupinsituationswherereproductionisnotanissue."Sowhatwearestudyingnowiswhethernaturalselectionimposedbypredation(捕食行为)couldexplaintheoccurrenceofiridescenceinpreyanimals."
Theideathateyecatchingcolorscouldbeusedasacoverupisn'tanewone."Thefatherofcamouflagetheory,AbbottThayer,reallybelievedthatiridescenceshouldbecategorizedasacamouflagestrategy.AndhewroteinhisfamouslifeworkConcealingColorationintheAnimalKingdom,alreadyin1909,that'brilliantlychangeableormetalliccolorsareamongthestrongestfactorsinananimal'sconcealment'.Andthissoundslikeacompletelyunreasonablethingtosay,becausehowcancolorsthatarebothbrilliantandchangeablecontributetoanimal'sconcealment?
"
"Inasimilarway,wewereaskingwhetheriridescence,duetoitschangeability,couldworkasaformofcamouflagebypreventingshaperecognition."Kjernsmoandhercolleaguestrainedbumblebeestoassociateaparticularshape—acircle
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