初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解专项练习及参考答案.docx

初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解专项练习及参考答案.docx

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初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解专项练习及参考答案

被动语态全解

语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。

一．被动语态的时态：

1.一般现在时的被动语态：

am/is/are+动词的过去分词

2.一般过去时的被动语态：

was/were+动词的过去分词

3.一般将来时的被动语态：

willbe+动词的过去分词

4.现在进行时的被动语态：

am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词

5.现在完成时的被动语态：

have/has+been+动词的过去分词

6.情态动词的被动语态：

情态动词+be+动词的过去分词

二．被动语态的基本用法:

（1）需要强调动作的承受者时

TheGreatWallisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld

Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldnow.

（2）不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时

Mr.Wangisinvitedtothemeetingtoday.

Theproblemisdealtwithnow.

（3）当说话人需要强调客观时

Itissaidthatshewasabeautywhenshewasyoung.

三．主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：

口诀：

宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone,时不变，数格必须随被变。

注：

1.主动、被动的时态要一致。

2.主动、被动的句式要一致。

3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。

语态转换不被动语态的步骤

1,把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语

2,把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+过去分词"。

3,原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现（因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。

）以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。

4,其它成分不变

5,被动语态中"by+宾语"的省略

被动语态句式中的"by+宾语"表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者"by+宾语"常常被省略。

（1）动作执行者不确定时

Paperismadefromwood.

Manypeoplearekilledintrafficaccidentseveryyear.

（2）不必表明动作执行者时

Englishisalsospokenasthesecondlanguageaswellasoneoftheofficiallanguages

Footballisplayedinmostschools。

（3）动作执行者为一般大众时

BothEnglishandSpanisharespokeninthisarea.

一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式

（1）肯定式:

主语+was/were+过去分词+by

ItwasmadeinBeijingRen'aiEducationInstitute.

（2）否定式:

主语+was/were+not+过去分词+by

Shewasnotgivenapanitingbyhim.

Thisquestionwasnotdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.

（3）一般疑问句:

Was/Were+主语+过去分词+by?

Wasitmadeofbamboo?

（4）特殊疑问句:

特殊疑问词+was/were+过去分词+by

Whatwasismadeof?

教你一招

如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does,被动语态用is/am/are

如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did,被动语态用was/were.

由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式

（1）肯定式:

主语+情态动词+be+过去-Watercanbechangedintoice.

Sheoughttotidyupherbedroom----Herbedroomoughttobetidiedup.

Youshouldbuyadictionaryatonce----Adictionaryshouldbeboughtatoncebyyou.

（2）否定式:

主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词+by

Youmustnottakeoutanybooks.-Anybooksmustn'tbetakenoutbyyou.

Theyneedn'tlookafterthelittlechild----Thelittlechildneedn'tbelookedafter（bythem）

（3）疑问句:

情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+by

Canyouuseit?

------Canitbeused?

常见的情态动词有:

can,may,oughtto,must,dare,need,should.

主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:

1,当宾语是反身代词时ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Parker.

2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时Doesthepairofnewshoessuityou?

Wewillhaveameeting.

四．特殊情况的被动语态：

1.带双宾语的被动语态：

动词+sb（间宾）+sth（直宾）

口诀：

如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。

1）.give/pass/show与介词to搭配。

givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.

2）.buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。

buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsb

Hegavemeabook

I____________abookbyhim.

Abook_____________mebyhim.

Mymothermademeacake.

I_________acakebymymother

Acake____________mebymymother.

2.带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态：

动词+sb+dosth.

口诀：

感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。

动词：

make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watch

makesbdosth----sb+be+made+todosth

Thebossmadetheworkersworkallday

Theworkers____________workalldaybytheboss.

3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中变被动语态时doing不变。

IheardTomsingingjustnowTom_______________bymejustnow.

4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_____________________.

五．注意事项：

1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：

last,have,own…..belongto,suit…fine,

2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：

happen,takeplace,appear,hold（容纳）

3.系动词是没有被动语态：

Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….

Thedishtastesgood.

4.有些词组没有被动语态：

sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewell

Thiskindofskirtsellswell.

5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.

Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=

Allthecomputersneed_______________.

6.在too…to…及enoughto…结构中有时表示被动意义。

Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.

（一）

一、单项选择

（）1.—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?

—Yes.Ourclassroom___everyday.

A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning

（）2.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology___intheschoolhallnextweek.

A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.give

（）3.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished

（）4.—DidyougotoJack’sbirthdayparty?

—No,I____.

A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvited

C.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite

（）5.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?

—Whenyourhomework___,youcan.

A.isdoneB.wasdoneC.doesD.did

（）6.Twenty—year—oldsshouldnot____todriveinChina.

A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.

（）7.Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat___.

A.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.happenedD.washappened.

（）8.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought___in1999.

A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.

（）9.Treesandflowers__everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.

A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.

（）10.China’ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiang___GoodWillAmbassadors（亲善大使）forShanghai.

A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed.

（）11.Theearthisourhome.It___well.

A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotect

C.needprotectD.shouldprotected.

（）12.Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade___whattheyarenot___.

A.todo;interestedinB.todo;interested

C.do;interestedD.do;interested.

（）13.___anewlibrary____inyourschoollastyear?

A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.

（）14.Anaccident___onthisroadlastweek.

A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.

（）15.Cotten____inthesoutheastofChina.

A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.

（）16.Sofar,themoon___bymanalready.

A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.

（）17.Howmanytrees___thisyear?

A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.

（）18.Alotofthings___bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.

（）19.Neitherofthem___inChina

A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made.

（）20.Look!

Anicepicture___forourteacher.

A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws.

（）21.Yourshoes___.Youneedanewpair.

A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn.

（）22.Thedoctor___foryet.

A.isn’tsentB.hasn’tbeensentC.won’tbesentD.wasn’tsent.

（）23—When___thiskindofcomputer___?

—Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used

（）24.TheGreatWall__aboutallovertheworld.

A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.

（）25.I___insummer.

A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn.

（）26.HesaysthatMrZhang___tothefactorynextweek.

A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent.

（）27.Who___thisbook__?

A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.do;writtenD.was;written

（）28.Mary___showmehernewdictionary.

A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto

（）29.Astory__byGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus

（）30.Themonkeywasseen____outofthetree.

A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump

课后习题巩固语法：

单项选择

（）1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

（）2English____inCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

（）3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung

（）4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

（）5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

2、（）1Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

（）2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.

-I'msorry.___.

A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

（）3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

（）4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

（）5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

3、（）1Japanese___ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

（）2Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten

（）3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't

4（）1-Myshoesarewornout.-___.

A.Can'ttheybemended?

B.Letmehavealookatit.

C.Howmuchdotheycost?

D.Can'ttheymended?

（）2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?

Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are

（）3___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do

5（）1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld

C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld

（）2Whowasthebook___?

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby

（）3Where___theseboxesmade?

A.wasB.wereC.isD.am

6（）1Theflowers___often.

A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater

（）2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.

A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow

（）3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.

A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended

7（）1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.

A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuilt

C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt

（）2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.

A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown

（）3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.

A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuild

C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild

8（）1Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.

A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept

（）2Thepot___for___hotwater.

A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.