备战高考英语典型试题精粹 专题十六 七选五.docx

备战高考英语典型试题精粹 专题十六 七选五.docx

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备战高考英语典型试题精粹专题十六七选五

专题十六　七选五

　　高考精萃

Passage1

（2014·北京卷）

EvaluatingSourcesofHealthInformation

Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinion,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.__1__

Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.__2__

Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoutcome;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.__3__Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.

Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.__4__Evaluate“scientific”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery（江湖骗术）．

__5__Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.

Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyabouthealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife.

A．Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.

B．Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.

C．Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.

D．Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.

E．Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.

F．Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor'spointofview.

G．Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefromcommonsources.

答案与解析

本文为说明文。

作者针对如何识别正确的健康信息提供了一些建议。

1．G　根据文章第二段、第三段、第四段的首句可以看出作者提供了一些建议，因此本空引出了下文的多个建议，故选择G项。

2．D　根据第二段的第一句“Gototheoriginalsource.”可以看出D选项“Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.”与第二段内容匹配。

3．F　根据第三段第一句“Watchformisleadinglanguage.”可以看出F项“Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplained...”与本段内容匹配。

4．B　空格处前一句中出现的advertisements与B项中的ad对应，因此选择B项。

5．A　空格后的“...thatworksforus.”与A项“Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.”对应，故选择A项。

Passage2

（2014·辽宁卷）

Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment,theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.OverfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight,butit'seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.Herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight：

·Scheduleyearlyexams.__1__Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment,includingeyeglasses.

·ProtectagainstUVrays（紫外线）.Longtermstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it'sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.__2__

·Giveyoureyesabreak.TwothirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.__3__Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20/20rule:

every20minutes,takea20secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.

·__4__Aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins（维生素）CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.

·Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses（隐形眼镜）.ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.__5__Otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.

A．Eatyourgreens.

B．Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.

C．Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.

D．Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.

E．Parentsusuallydon'tcareabouttheirowneyesight.

F．Alwaysfollowthedoctor'sadviceforappropriatewear.

G．Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasestheriskforeyetiredness.

答案与解析

本文为说明文。

文章主要给出了五种拥有健康视力的建议。

1．B　根据上文Scheduleyearlyexams.和下文Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofage...及选项中的Eyecare和earlyinlife可知选B项。

2．C　戴太阳镜预防紫外线，它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛。

本句是对上文的总结概括。

3．G　三分之二的美国人一天会花费多达7小时的时间来使用电脑或其他数码产品。

这种频繁的眼部活动会提高眼睛疲劳的风险。

根据句意应选择G项。

4．A　Eatyourgreens.吃出绿色。

下文均与饮食有关，所以选A项。

5．F　上下文均与戴隐形眼镜有关，所以选择含有关键词wear的选项。

medicalguidance和doctor'sadvice也互为暗示。

Passage3

（2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ）

TipsforCookingonaTightSchedule

Frommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon'tcookmoreoften:

ability,money,andtime.__1__MoneyisatopicI'llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogiveyousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthetimeyouspendinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule：

1．Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI'malreadyhungryandthere'snothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?

Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready?

__2__

2．Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofindtimetocookameal,makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread?

__3__Ittakesaroundthesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforafuturemeal.

3．__4__Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.

Hopefullythatgivesyouagoodstart.__5__Anddon'tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!

A．Trynewthings.

B．Abilityiseasilyimproved.

C．Makethreeorfourinstead.

D．Understandyourfoodbetter.

E．Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.

F．Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.

G．Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.

答案与解析

本文为说明文，题材是介绍说明类。

紧张的生活节奏并不妨碍你为自己或家人做上一顿可口的饭菜，看看作者为我们提供的建议吧。

1．B　上文提到三个不常做饭的理由：

能力、钱和时间。

下文提到钱是下一个话题，这里主要谈论如何利用花费在烹饪上的时间，故答案选B（能力是容易改进的）。

2．G　该段建议提前做出烹饪计划，故答案选G（提前一点制订计划会省去很多后面的工作）。

3．C　根据下文“花费几乎相同的时间来制作更多食物”可推断出，这里指把制作一条面包改为制作三到四条面包。

4．A　根据下文Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipes...可推断出，本空应选A（尝试新事物）。

5．F　根据下文“不要让繁忙的日程妨碍你在饮食和生活方式上做出美好的改变”可推断出，答案选F（让烹饪和生活仅仅是快乐而非负担）。

Passage4

（2013·北京卷）

Urbanization

Untilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.__1__Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural（乡村的）villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.

Britainwasonlythebeginning.__2__Theprocessofurbanization—themigration（迁徙）ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.

In1990,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.__3__

Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninetyfivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.__4__Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite（精英）andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.

Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.__5__Today,insteadofneedingninetyfivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednonfarmers.

A．Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.

B．Therestliveinsmalltowns.

C．Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.

D．Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbansocieties.

E．Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.

F．Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.

G．Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.

答案与解析

本文为说明文，题材为社会与热点，主要讲述了城市化的进程。

1．E　第一段主要讲述了在过去城市非常少，大多数人都是住在农场或乡村里，根据主旨可知应选择E项。

2．D　空格前一句中的beginning与D项中的Soon相对应，英国只是个开始，之后一些其他的国家也开始成为城市化的社会，故选择D项。

3．B　空格所在的段落通过列举数据来体现现在城市化的扩大，绝大多数的美国人住在城市里，少部分住在农场里，因此此空说明剩下的人居住在何地，故选择B项。

4．A　此空之前在阐述过去城市不可能大的原因，因此A项与前面的意思对应。

5．F　空格前一句阐述工业革命打破了此前城市和乡村的这种平衡，因此空格处是对前一句内容的进一步阐述，因此选择F项。

　　模拟精选

Passage1

（2014·东北三校二模）

Everyoneneedsabreak,andvacationsarenotmeantforseriousstudy.__1__TheSpringFestivaliscomingupsothisistheperfecttimetodiscusssomegreatEnglishlanguageliteraturetotakeonalongtrainjourney.

Beforegettingintotherecommendations,youneedtodetermineyourEnglishreadingcomprehensionlevel.Ifyou'reatthebeginner'slevel,therearetwooptions:

readingachildren'sbookorreadingabookthatyou'vereadinChinesetranslation.__2__Ifyou'reattheintermediatelevel,popularbookslikepopfiction,mysteriesandthrillersaregoodoptions.Foradvancedreaders,classicworksofliteratureormodernprizewinners（Nobel,Pulitzer）aregoodoptions.

__3__WhenIpickupabookIlike,eventhoughthefirstfewchaptersarereallyhardtogetthrough,Iwouldtrytogetaccustomedtothe