现在完成时讲解含讲解及习题.docx
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现在完成时讲解含讲解及习题.docx
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现在完成时讲解含讲解及习题
此刻完成时讲解之杨若古兰创作
一、构成:
肯定式:
主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.
疑问式:
助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?
否定式:
主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.
过去分词规则变更:
a)普通情况下,直接加ed,(work---worked,water---watered,finish---finished等;)
b)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y酿成i再加ed,(carry---carriedstudy---studied等;)
c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词,要双写最初一个辅音字母,再加ed.(stop---stopped,shop---shopped)
d)以不发音的e结尾的动词,只加d(
过去分词不规则变更表:
二、用法:
用法一:
暗示过去(曾经、曾或从未)发生的某一动尴尬刁难此刻形成的影响或结果.
标记词:
①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,
⑦once/twice/数字+times
例:
Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打扫了房间(房间此刻是干净的,不须要打扫了)
Theyhaveleft.--他们曾经离开了,也就是说此刻他们人不在这里
Ihaveneverhadacar(我从未有过汽车.)
Ihavebeentheretwice.
a)already常常用于肯定句,用在疑问句时暗示强调或加强语气;yet用于否定句和疑问句.
•Hehasalreadylefthere.他曾经离开这里了.
•Hashealreadylefthere?
他(真的)曾经离开这里了吗?
(暗示加强语气)
•Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早餐.
•Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?
你曾经给你父母写过信了吗?
b)never是否定词,暗示“从来没有”,而ever暗示“曾”
•WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们从来没有去过长城.
•HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?
你们曾去过加拿大吗?
c)just用于句中,暗示“刚刚”
•I’vejusthadbreakfast.我刚吃完早餐.
•Whathavetheyjustdone?
他们刚刚做了什么?
d)before用于句末,暗示“之前”
•I’veseenitbefore.我之前见过它.
练习:
用never,ever,already,before,just或yet填空.
1.Ihave__________seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.
2.Jackhas__________finishedhishomework.
3.--Haveyou_________seenthefilm?
--No,Ihave________seenit.
4.---Hasthebusleft_______?
---Yes,ithas________left.
5.Wouldyouliketogotothezoowithme?
Yes,butIhavebeenthere_________.
★hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeenin的区别:
1.have/hasgoneto去了某地(还在某地没回来)
---Whereisyourfather?
你爸爸在哪里?
---HehasgonetoShanghai.他去上海了.
2.have/hasbeento曾去过(已回,已不在去过的地方)+次数(once/twice/数字+times)
MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai3times.我爸爸去过上海3次.
画线提问:
________________hasyourfatherbeentoShanghai?
3.have/hasbeenin待了多久(去了,此刻仍在所待的地方)+for+时间段/
+since+时间点
MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths/sincetwomonthsago.我爸曾经在上海待了两个月了.
画线提问:
_______________hasyourfatherbeeninShanghai?
▲留意:
留意碰到四个地点副词要去掉to/in,这四个地点副词是:
here,there,home,abroad
练习:
用havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin/wentto填空.
1._____youever_____Disneyland?
2.Howmanytimes_____you_____Disneyland?
3.I_____Nanjingsincetwoyearsago
4.Mr.Li_____HongKong.Andhe'llcomebackintwodays.
5.—Howlong_____you_____Disneyland?
—Forthreedays.I__________thethemeparklastSunday.
6.Myfather__________HongKongtwoweeksago.
7.Myfather__________HongKongin2005.
8.Myfather__________HongKongsince2005.
9.Myfather__________HongKongtwice.
10.Myfather__________HongKongandhehasn'tcomebackyet.
11.—Where'sLucy?
—Shehas__________toarestaurantforlunch.
12.Haveyou__________tothisparkbefore.
13.Ihave__________thereonlyoncethisyear.
14.Shehas__________totheshoptobuyanotebook.
15.You'relate,LaoWanghas__________toGuangzhou.
用法二:
暗示过去曾经开始,并不断持续到此刻的动作或形态.
标记词:
⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨for+时间段⑩since+时间点
IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我曾经学了10多年的英语.
a)for+一段时间
Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.我在这里5周了.
He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.他进修英语3年了.
b)since+(暗示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/从句(普通过去时)
Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.我自从2000年开始在这里.
Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.我自从5年前就在这里.
IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.我自从2000年结业就在这里.
注:
1)对for或since引诱的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不克不及用when.
Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.画线提问:
_______________haveyoulivedhere?
注2):
短暂性动词不克不及和for或since引诱的时间状语连用,当然也不克不及用于howlong引诱的问句中
Eg.(误)Ihavelefttherefor5years.
(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.
★为了表述这类意思,我们经常使用响应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词.
become→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,
goout→beoutcome(go,arrive,get)→beindie→bedead,
finish→beover,join→bein…(beamemberof…)leave→beaway(from…),
open→beopenclose→beclosed
练习:
选用for和since填空:
1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.
2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.
3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.
4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.
5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.
6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.
三、与普通过去时的用法比较
1此刻完成时和普通过去时都是说过去的事情,但此刻完成时留意的不是事情本人,而是强调事情与此刻坚持的某种密切联系(如此刻的结果,影响,不断延续到此刻等),不与暗示过去的时间连用;而普通过去时,则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与此刻没有关系,常与暗示过去的时间连用.
eg:
HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾经买了一本英汉字典.
HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典.
第一句用此刻完成时时态,想表达意为:
“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典,此刻他还有这本字典”.
第二句用过去时只论述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实,至于此刻他是否有这本字典并未强
调说明.
2.常与普通过去时连用的典型的暗示过去时间的状语:
yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),
justnow(刚才),时间+ago,last+时间等;
eg:
Theplanetookofftenminutesago.
Wefinishedourtasklastweek.
此刻完成时练习题
一.单项选择
1.Ihavebeenlivinghere_____1999.
A.forB.afterC.inD.since
2._____haveyoubeenplayingtheguitar?
For5years.
A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howoften
3.______mayIkeepthesebooks?
Fortwoweeks.
A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon
4.______haveyoubeenhere?
I’vebeenhereformonths.
A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howmany
5.Theboy______TVallmorning.
A.haswatchedB.hadwatchedC.hasbeenwatchingD.watched
6.Howlong_____you_____stamps?
Sincetwoyearsago.
A.have,collectedB.did,collectC.have,beencollectingD.are,collecting
7.Theyarestillworkinginthefields.They______fortwohours.
A.wasworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.workedD.areworking
8.Helookstired.Oh,he____forthreehours.
A.havebeenskatingB.havebeenskatedC.hasbeenskatingD.hasbeenskated
9.He______itfortwohours,andheisstillwatchingnow.
A.hasbeenB.watchingC.hasbeenwatchingD.iswatching
10.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.
A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten
11.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.saw
12.Hisfather______thePartysince1978.
A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin
13.Howlonghaveyou____here?
—Abouttwomonths.
A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived
14.Hurryup!
Theplay_____fortenminutes.
A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began
15It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.
A.isB.hasC.willD.was
16.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.
A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen
17.____hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe____toChina?
A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived
18.Hisuncle____formorethan9years.
A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity
19.Sarahhasbeensleeping______2:
00pm.
A.forB.atC.inD.since
20.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,_____?
A.sotheyB.don‘ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey
二.句型转换:
1.Ihavebeenwatchingthefootballmatchforhalfanhour.(划线提问)
______________________youbeenwatchingthefootballmatch?
2.HehasbeenstudyingJapanesefortwoyears.(同义句转换)
HehasbeenstudyingJapanese______twoyears______.
3.Westartedthepartytwohoursago.(划线提问)
_____________you________theparty?
4.Theoldman_____lastyear.
He__________________forayear.(die)(动词填空)
5.Doyouswimeveryday?
(用fortwohours改写)
_______you________fortwohours.
6.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)
MissGao_______________________________anhour.
7.HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.(同义句)
Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.
8.TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)
_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.、
三、动词填空
1._____you________(clean)theroom?
Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.
When_______you______(do)it?
We_______(do)itanhourago.
2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?
Yes.
When_____he_____(see)it?
He______itlastweek.
3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?
四、汉译英.
1、吉姆已做完功课,他此刻有空了.
2、他昨天收到一封信.
3、我父亲之前到过长城.
4、她还没有看过那部新电影.
5、她去过上海.
6、他这些天上哪儿去了?
7.这车你买多长时间了?
三年了.
8.你洗盘子了吗?
没有.我马上去做.
9.你离开家乡几年了?
十年了.
10.这本书我借了一周了.
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