新世纪大学英语3综合教程 U3 TEXT A 详解.docx
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新世纪大学英语3综合教程 U3 TEXT A 详解.docx
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新世纪大学英语3综合教程U3TEXTA详解
Unit3
Happiness
I.DifficultSentences
1.Whenmostpeopleexistnearthebreadline,materialprogressdoesindeedmakethemhappier.
(1)Whatdoes“existnearthebreadline”meaninthispassage?
(=“Existnearthebreadline”means“justhaveenoughmoneytofeedthemselves.”)
(2)Paraphrasethesentence.
(=Whenamultitudeofpeopleinasocietyonlyhavemoneyenoughto
feedthemselves,theywouldfeelmuchhappieriftheycanearnmore
money.)
2.Butwhenmaterialdiscomforthasbeenbanished,extraincomebecomesmuchlessimportantthanourrelationshipswitheachother:
withfamily,withfriendsandinthecommunity.
(1)Whatdoes“materialdiscomforthasbeenbanished”mean?
(=Thispartmeansthatpeoplehaveenoughmoneytomeeteverydayneeds,theydon’tworryabouttheirdailylifeanymore.)
(2)Translatethesentence.
(=然而,物质上的匮乏一旦消除,收入的增加便不如亲情、友情、邻里和睦等人际关系那么重要。
)
3.Thereasonforthisisthatovertimeourstandardsandexpectationsrisetomeetourincome.
(1)Whatdoes“ourstandardsandexpectationsrisetomeetourincome”mean?
)
(=Itmeans“withtheincreaseinourincome,ourstandardsandexpectationsalsorise.”)
(2)Translatethesentence.
(=原因是随着时间的推移,我们的标准和期望随着收入的增加而上升。
)
4.Sincepeoplearealwayscomparingtheirincomeswithwhatothershave,orwithwhattheyareusedto,theyonlyfeelbetteroffiftheymoveuprelativetothenorm.
(1)Whatdoes‘thenorm”refertointhissentence?
(=Thiswordrefersto“averageincome.”)
(2)Paraphrase“moveuprelativetothenorm.”
(=Theyearnmorethantheaverageincome.)
5.Sincesocietyasawholecannotraiseitspositionrelativetoitself,theeffortwhichitsmembersdevotetothatendcouldbesaidtobeawastethebalancebetweenleisureandworkhasbeenshifted“inefficiently”towardswork.
(1)Whatdoes“theeffortwhichitsmembersdevotetothatend”refertointhissentence?
)
(=Peoplemakeanefforttoraisetheirsocialstatusorpositionbyworkingharderorearningmore.)
(2)Whatdoes“inefficiently”refertointhissentence?
(=Itmeansuseless,meaningless,that’stosay,it’suselessforpeopletosacrificetheirleisuretimetowork.)
(3)Whydoestheauthorthinktheseeffortsaremeaninglessatall?
(=Becausetheirincreaseinincomewoulddefinitelybecounterbalancedbyincreaseinaverageincome,sothattheywouldn’tfeelhappierthanbeforebyworkingharderorearningmore.)
6.Itisazero-sumgame:
privatelifesacrificedinordertoincreasestatusisawastefromthepointofviewofsocietyasawhole.
(1)Whatdoes“azero-sumgame”refertointhissentence?
(=Linguisticallyitrefersto“asituationinwhichyoureceiveasmuchmoneyoradvantagesasyougiveaway.”Inthissentence,itmeansthatyoupayalottoincreasesocialstatus,forexample,privatelife,leisuretime,evenworsehealth.Butwhatyougainseemsequaltowhatyouhavepaid.)
(2)Translatethesentence.
(=这是一种得失平衡的游戏:
从整个社会看,为了提高地位而牺牲个人的地位,是一种浪费。
)
7.Inanincreasinglycompetitivesociety,lifewillbecometougherforpeopleinthebottomhalfoftheabilityrangeunlesswedevelopbroadercriteriaforrespect.
(1)Whatdoes“peopleinthebottomhalfoftheabilityrange”mean?
(=Itrefersto“thosepeoplewhoseabilityisbelowtheaverage”.)
(2)Whatkindofabilitydoesthissentencemeaninyouropinion?
)
(=Itmayrefertoaperson’sabilitytoearnmoney.)
(3)Whatdoes“broadercriteriaforrespect”referto?
)
(=Itmeansthatbesideseconomicstatus,morefactorsareconsideredtodecidewhetheronepersondeservesourrespectornot.)
8.Weshouldrespectpeoplewhoco-operatewithothersatnogaintothemselves,andwhoshowskillandeffortatwhateverlevel.
Paraphrasethesentence.
(=Weshouldrespectpeoplewhoworkwithothersfornorewardandthosewhousetheirskillsandworkhardatjobsofwhateverrank.)
9.Itseemslikelythattheextracomfortswenowenjoyhaveincreasedourhappinesssomewhat,butthatdeterioratingrelationshipshavemadeuslesshappy.
(1)Whatextracomfortsdoweenjoy?
)
(=Theextracomfortsmayincludeabetterlivingplace,amore
luxuriouscar,etc.)
(2)Whatkindsofrelationshipshavebeendeteriorating?
(=Relationshipsinthefamily,atworkandinthecommunity.)
(3)Paraphrasethesentence.
(=Whileourhigherstandardoflivinghasprobablybeenasourceofsomeextrahappiness,thishasbeenoffsetbytheworseningofourrelationshipsbroughtaboutbythesingle-mindedpursuitofwealth.)
10.Weareleftwithnoconceptofthecommongoodorcollectivemeaning.
(1)Whatdoesthissentenceindicate?
(=Itindicatesthatwearenotawareofandpaylittleattentiontotheconceptofthecommongoodandcollectiveinterests.)
(2)Whatdoes“thecommongoodandcollectivemeaning”referto?
)
(=Itmeanstheadvantageofeveryoneinthesocietyortheadvantageofthewholesociety.)
11.Theoldreligiousworldviewisgone;sotooisthepostwarreligionofsocialandnationalsolidarity.
(1)Translatethesentence.
(=无论是古老的、虔诚的世界观,还是战后社会的团结精神和国家的凝聚意识,皆荡然无存。
)
(2)Whatdo“theoldreligiousworldview”and“thepostwarreligionofsocialandnationalsolidarity”referto?
(=Open-ended.Butthisquestionisworthdiscussingabout.Teacherscanreallyholdadeepdiscussionaboutthis.)
II.WordsandExpressions
1.unparalleled:
adj.havingnoparallelorequal;unmatched
*Newagriculturalandindustrialprocesseshaveboostedproductivitytounparalleledheights.
(=Withthesoarofenergycosts,thiscountryisconfrontedwithaneconomiccrisisunparalleledinitshistory.)
2.depression:
n.
(1)beingdepressed;lowspirits
他一时想不开,自杀了。
(=Hecommittedsuicideduringafitofdepression.)
*Peterfellintoadeepdepressiononhearingthenews.
(2)aperiodwhenthereislittleeconomicactivity,andhighunemployment
*LotsofpeopleweredeprivedofallthesepropertyintheGreatDepression.
3.priority:
n.
(1)(a)(stateof)beingmoreimportant(inrank)
*Japanenjoyspriorityoverothercountriesinthefieldofmicroelectronics.
政府将改革法制列为工作的重点。
(=TheGovernmentgavetopprioritytoreformingthelegalsystem.)
(2)thethingthatis(regardedas)moreimportantthanothers
(=Youmustdecidewhatyourprioritiesare.)
*Houseworkislowonherlistofpriorities.
4.breadline:
n.averylowlevelofincomewhichallowspeopletoeat
butnothaveanyextrathings
*Forthosepeoplewhoexistnearthebreadline,thispolicyreallycrushes
them.
Collocations:
be/liveonthebreadline非常穷,勉强维持生活
benear/belowthebreadline接近/低于最低生活标准
5.banish:
v.
(1)tosendsb.away,especiallyoutofthecountry,asapunishment
*Shewasconvictedofheresyandbanishedfromthekingdom.
*Hewasbanishedfromhishomelandforlife.
(2)todrive(thoughts,etc)out(ofthemind)
她从心里打消了过一个宁静假日的想法。
(=Shebanishedallthoughtsofarestfulholidayfromhermind.)
6.pursuit:
n.
(1)theactionofpursuing
*Thepursuitofprofitwasthemainreasonforthechanges.
(=Shedevotedherlifetothepursuitofpleasure.)
(2)anactivitysuchasasportorhobby,whichyouspendalotoftimedoing
她一生献身于有意义的活动。
(=Shewasengagedinworthwhilepursuitsforherwholelife.)
*Theworld-famousscientistimmersedhimselfinacademicpursuits.
Collocations:
inpursuitof在追求……时
*I’malwaysamazedatthethingspeopledoinpursuitofauthenticlove.
inhotpursuit穷追不舍
*ThequarterbacksprintedtowardtheendzonewithPeterinhotpursuit.
7.intense:
adj.
(1)(ofsensations)havingaverystrongeffectorfeltverystrongly
*Theheatwasintense.
(2)(ofemotions,etc)verystrong
*Shecanbesointense.Itmakesmeexhausted.
这个年轻的女士十分嫉妒。
(=Thisyoungladywasovercomebyanintensefeelingofjealousy.)
8.inthelongrun:
laterinthefuture,notimmediately
(=Thelessyourelyonpainkillersnow,thebetteritwillbeforyourhealthinthelongrun.)
*Wecan’tsacrificeourecosystemtoimmediateeconomicgrowth.Asinthelongrun,thisdecisionwouldbedisastrous.
9.overall:
(1)adj.includingeverything,takingeverythingintoaccount
(=There'sbeenanoverallimprovementrecently.)
*Myoverallimpressionofhisworkisgood.
(2)adv.includingeverything;generally
*Whatwillitcost,overall?
总的来说,价格仍在上升。
(=Overall,thepricesarestillingrising.)
10.inlinewith:
inaccordanceto
养老金将会跟着通货膨胀的水平增长。
)
(=Pensionswillbeincreasedinlinewithinflation.)
*Incometaxfluctuatesinlinewiththechangeinone’searning.
Collocations:
lineofbusiness专业,行业
dropsb.aline给人写短信(便条)
ontherightlines正确,对的
inlinewith与……一致
beinsb.’sline是某人的专长
takeafirmlineon对某事采取坚定的态度
(Directions:
)Fillintheblankswiththeexpressionsabove.
(1)I’mafraidcookingisn’treally____________.(=inmyline.)
(2)Thesenewproposalsarecertainly_______________.(=ontherightlines)
(3)_______andletmeknowhowyou’regettingon.(=Dropmealine)
(4)What__________ishein?
(=lineofbusiness)
(5)Wereallyshould___________(=takeafirmline)ondrugabusesoastoeliminatesuchaprevailingphenomenon.
11.relativeto:
withregardto,concerning;incomparisonwith
*Beforeyouresorttojustice,youshouldaccumulateenoughevidencerelativetothisissue.
*Peopleonlyfeelbetteroffiftheymoveuprelativetotheaverageincome.
12.counterproductive:
adj.achievingtheoppositeresulttotheonethatyou
want
(=Sendingyoungoffenderstoprisoncanbecounterproductive.)
*Hiscomfortmaybecounterproductiveasthislittleboywasovercomebyhatredandjealousy.
NB:
counter-是一个前缀,表达的意思是“相反的”。
例如:
counterattack反击
counteract抵消,对抗
counterbalance使……平衡
countermeasure对策
counterrevolution反革命
counterpart两方面地位、职务相当的人
(Directions:
)Fillintheblankswiththeword
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