高考英语二轮专题训练专题三阅读理解含答案.docx

高考英语二轮专题训练专题三阅读理解含答案.docx

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高考英语二轮专题训练专题三阅读理解含答案

考试大纲

要求

考纲解读

要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。

题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。

体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。

考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等题型。

高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。

分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。

阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。

不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。

除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：

对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。

江苏高考阅读理解近五年考情分布明细统计

　　　　　　　　年份

内容　　　　　　　　

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

体裁

记叙文

0

0

1

0

0

议论文

1

1

0

2

1

应用文

1

1

1

1

1

说明文

2

2

2

1

2

题型

细节理解题

7

7

8

5

8

推理判断题

6

6

3

7

6

主旨大意题

2

0

3

2

1

词义猜测题

1

2

1

1

0

总结近几年江苏高考阅读理解可知，选材上更注重体现现实生活。

所选文章涉及话题广，蕴涵丰富的人文、科普知识，具有思想性、人文性、趣味性、实用性等特点和鲜明的时代特色。

文章选材丰富多样，注重考查考生在不同的语言背景下灵活运用英语语言知识分析问题和解决问题的能力。

设题方式仍以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，符合考试大纲要求，推理判断题的比重有所加大。

总体来说，语篇的难易度呈现层次性，区分度较高，高分难得，有利于高考选拔。

A

TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt

1000FifthAvenueNewYork,NY10028

211-535-7710www.metmuseum.org

Entrances

FifthAvenueat82ndStreet

Hours

Open7daysaweek.

Sunday-Thursday10：

00-17：

30

FridayandSaturday10：

00-21：

00

ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,January1,andthefirstMondayinMay.

Admission

$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents，includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters（回廊）onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.

FreewithAdmission

Allspecialexhibitions,aswellasfilms,lectures,guidedtours，concerts，gallerytalks，andfamily/children’sprogramsarefreewithadmission.

Askabouttoday’sactivitiesattheGreatHallInformationDesk.

TheCloistersMuseumandGardens

TheCloistersmuseumandgardensisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuseumofArtdevotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.Theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture,coloredglass,andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.

Hours：

Open7daysaweek.

March-October10：

00-17：

15

November-February10：

00-16：

45

ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,andJanuary1.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文，介绍了纽约大都会艺术博物馆的参观须知。

56.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?

A.$12.B.$37.

C.$50.D.$62.

答案　C　[细节理解题。

根据题意并结合Admission部分中的“$25.00recommendedforadults”“freeforchildrenunder12withanadult”可知，他们应付两个成年人的门票费用。

故选C。

]

57.TheattractionoftheCloistersmuseumandgardensliesinthefactthat________.

A.itopensalltheyearround

B.itscollectionsdatefromtheMiddleAges

C.ithasamodernEuropean-stylegarden

D.itsellsexcellentEuropeanglasscollections

答案　B　[细节理解题。

根据TheCloistersMuseumandGardens部分的前两句可知它吸引人的地方在于它的收藏品可追溯到中世纪，故选B。

]

B

Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted（享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze’schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.

Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:

dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta（意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.

Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn’ttellhowmuchthey’dhad:

thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenone__the__wiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.

Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:

putonsomeMozart（莫扎特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:

dinerswhogotthescentoflavender（薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.

Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables,crowding,highprices—don’tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables”，giventhatthey’reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant’sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet’spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.

【语篇解读】　本文讲述了影响餐饮业效益的几个因素。

58.Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere________.

A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual

B.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers

C.notconsciousofthefoodquality

D.notfondofthefoodprovided

答案　A　[推理判断题。

根据第三段内容可知，在餐馆里的灯光昏暗的情况下，顾客判断不出自己吃了多少食物，即使吃多了也不会觉得饱，因为他们意识不到自己比平时吃得多。

故答案为A。

]

59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?

A.Playingclassicalmusic.

B.Introducinglemonscent.

C.Makingthelightbrighter.

D.Usingplatesoflargersize.

答案　A　[细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround：

putonsomeMozart...dinersspentmore”可知，要想让顾客在餐馆多停留、多消费，餐馆可以播放古典音乐，故A项符合题意。

]

60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?

A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.

B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.

C.Waystoimproverestaurants’reputation.

D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.

答案　D　[段落大意题。

根据最后一段的首句可知，人们认为的一些会阻止顾客消费的因素都不一定会是如此；下文围绕此进行了说明。

故本题答案为D项。

]

C

Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you’dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:

Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems（生态系统）,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition（NYFC，美国青年农会）andafamilyfarmermyself,Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.

Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout,smallfarmerscouldn’ttouchthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow,withthecombinationofabetterpricepointandagenerallyfresherproduct,theycanstayinbusiness.

Thesustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers,though,won’thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.Onecrucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.Competitionfrominvestors,developers,andestablishedlargefarmersmakesowningone’sownlandunattainableformanynewfarmers.From2004to2013,agriculturallandvaluesdoubled,andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.

Anotherchallengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifiedfarmworkersandmanagersisanon-existentpathtocitizenship—thegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.Withfarmersovertheageof65outnumbering（多于）farmersyoungerthan35bysixtoone,andwithtwo-thirdsofthenation’sfarmlandinneedofanewfarmer,wemustclearthepathfortalentedpeoplewillingtogrowthenation’sfood.

Therearesolutionsthatcouldlightapathtowardamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy,butfarmerscan’tclumsilyputthemtogetherbeforeus.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation,aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmersfromallbackgrounds.WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress,consumersmusttakeastandwithyoungfarmers.

【语篇解读】　本文呈现了美国小农场的特点及其目前发展面临的问题。

61.Theauthormentionscarindustry,atthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce________.

A.theprogressmadeincarindustry

B.aspecialfeatureofagriculture

C.atrendofdevelopmentinagriculture

D.theimportanceofinvestingincarindustry

答案　B　[推理判断题。

文章开头作者提到Mom-and-pop汽车制造商不可能打败最大的汽车公司，以此为例引出文章的主题，随后介绍了美国农业的特点，故选B。

]

62.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratewiththeexampleinparagraph2?

A.Loanstosmalllocalfarmersarenecessary.

B.Technologyisvitalforagriculturaldevelopment.

C.Competitionbetweensmallandbigfarmsisfierce.

D.Smallfarmersmaygainsomeadvantagesoverbigones.

答案　D　[细节理解题。

根据第二段中的例子和该段中的“suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia”可知，小农场主可以获得比大农场主更多的好处。

故选D。

]

63.Whatisthedifficultyforthosenewfarmers?

A.Togainmorefinancialaid.

B.Tohiregoodfarmmanagers.

C.Tohavefarmsoftheirown.

D.Towinoldfarmers’support.

答案　C　[细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Onecrucialfactor...formanynewfarmers”可知，很多新农场主无法获得他们自己的土地，这是他们的困难所在。

故选C。

]

64.Whatshouldfarmersdoforamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy?

A.SeeksupportbeyondNYFC.

B.Expandfarmlandconservation.

C.BecomemembersofNYFC.

D.Investmoretoimprovetechnology.

答案　A　[推理判断题。

根据第一段的最后一句以及最后一段中的“WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupport...allbackgrounds”可知，除了需要NYFC的支持，农场主还需要获得其他的帮助。

故选A。

]

D

Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.

Itfoundmanyyoungsters（少年）nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“likes”.Somechangetheirbehaviourinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.

Thereportintoyoungsters